| When you kow | Multiply by | To find |
|---|---|---|
| Millimeters | 0.04 | inches |
| Centimeters | 0.39 | inches |
| Meters | 3.3 | feet |
| Kilometers | 0.62 | miles |
| Hectares | 2.47 | acres |
| Square kilometers | 0.39 | square miles |
| Cubic meters | 35.3 | cubic feet |
| Liters | 0.26 | gallons |
| Kilograms | 2.2 | pounds |
| Metric tons | 0.98 | long tons |
| 1.1 | short tons | |
| 2,204 | pounds | |
| Degrees Celsius (Centigrade) | 1.8 and add 32 | degrees Fahrenheit |
| City or Town | Population | City or Town | Population |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tiranė | 226,000 | Berat | 40,500 |
| Durrės | 78,700 | Fier | 40,300 |
| Elbasan | 78,300 | Lushnjė | 26,900 |
| Shkodėr | 76,300 | Kavajė | 24,200 |
| Vlorė | 67,700 | Gjirokastėr | 23,800 |
| Korēė | 61,500 | Kuēovė | 20,600 |
Source: Based on information from Vjetari Statistiskor i R.P.S. Tė Shqipėrisė, 1988 (Statistical Yearbook of the Peoples Socialist Republic of Albania, 1988), Tiranė, 1988, 26- 28.
| Sector | 1938 | 1950 | 1960 | 1970 | 1980 | 1983 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture | 93.1 | 73.2 | 37.6 | 34.2 | 32.7 | 34.1 |
| Industry | 3.8 | 7.0 | 18.6 | 28.2 | 43.6 | 43.3 |
| Construction | 0.8 | 3.1 | 6.5 | 7.1 | 6.7 | 7.8 |
| Services | 2.3 | 16.7 | 37.3 | 30.5 | 17.0 | 14.8 |
| TOTAL | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
* Net material product--see Glossary.
Source: Based on information from Economist Intelligence Unit, Country Profile: Bulgaria, Albania, 1990-91, London, 1990, 37.
| 1961-70 | 1971-80 | 1981-88 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Net material product1 | 7.4 | 4.6 | 1.72 |
| Global social product | 8.3 | 5.4 | 2.22 |
| Net material product per capita | 4.4 | 2.2 | - 0.3 |
| Gross industrial production | 9.8 | 7.5 | 2.8 |
| Industrial labor productivity3 | 1.5 | 1.8 | - 1.3 |
| Gross agricultural production | 6.0 | 3.8 | 1.5 |
| Agricultural labor productivity3 | 1.0 | -0.2 | - 2.0 |
| Freight transportation4 | 9.0 | 6.7 | 0.8 |
| Gross investment | 8.4 | 4.9 | 1.5 |
| Retail sales5 | 5.7 | 4.6 | 3.4 |
1 Net material product--see Glossary.
2 Estimated.
3 Labor productivity is defined as gross
production per employee.
4 Domestic transportation by road, rail, and sea
as measured in ton-kilometers.
5 At current prices.
Sources: Based on information from Per Sandstrom and Örjan Sjöberg, ""Albanian Economic Performance: Stagnation in the 1980s,"" Soviet Studies [Glasgow], 43, No. 5, 1991, 937.
| Branch of Origin | 1986 | 1988 | 1990 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Net industrial production | 20,128 | 20,821 | 20,033 |
| Net agricultural production | 8,828 | 8,376 | 8,591 |
| Construction | 2,861 | 2,851 | 2,820 |
| Transportation | 971 | 991 | 904 |
| Domestic trade | 892 | 848 | 788 |
| Foreign trade | 727 | 720 | 777 |
| Other | 355 | 348 | 365 |
| TOTAL | 34,762 | 34,955 | 34,278 |
* For value of the lek--see Glossary.
Source: Based on information from Anders Aslund and Örjan Sjöberg, ""Privatization and Transition to a Market Economy in Albania,"" Communist Economics and Economic Transformation [Abingdon, United Kingdom], 4, No. 1, 1992, 137.
| Sector | 1960 | 1970 | 1980 | 1985 | 1987 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture | 55.6 | 52.2 | 51.4 | 51.3 | 52.0 |
| Industry | 15.1 | 19.2 | 21.8 | 22.3 | 22.9 |
| Construction | 11.4 | 9.9 | 9.1 | 8.0 | 7.1 |
| Transportation and communications | 2.0 | 2.3 | 2.5 | 2.9 | 2.9 |
| Trade | 5.9 | 5.9 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.6 |
| Education and culture | 3.4 | 4.7 | 4.6 | 4.5 | 4.4 |
| Health | 2.7 | 2.6 | 3.0 | 2.8 | 2.9 |
| Other | 3.9 | 3.2 | 2.8 | 3.4 | 3.2 |
| TOTAL | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
Source: Based on information from Vjetari Statistiskor i R.P.S. Tė Shqipėrisė, 1988 (Statistical Yearbook of the Peoples Socialist Republic of Albania, 1988), Tiranė, 1988, 69.
| Product | 1979-811 | 1985 | 1987 | 1988 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wheat | 492 | 530 | 565 | 589 |
| Corn | 318 | 400 | 320 | 306 |
| All cereals | 916 | 1,055 | 1,010 | 1,024 |
| Potatoes | 112 | 136 | 135 | 137 |
| Meat2 | 52 | 54 | 55 | 56 |
| Vegetables (including melons) | 193 | 186 | 188 | 188 |
| Tomatoes | 44 | 47 | 48 | 48 |
| Fruit (excluding melons) | 156 | 193 | 210 | 216 |
| Sugar beets | 298 | 320 | 360 | 360 |
| Milk | 326 | 342 | 346 | 347 |
| Eggs | 10 | 13.2 | 13.2 | 14 |
1 Annual averages.
2 Beef, mutton, and pork.
Source: Based on information from Economist Intelligence Unit, Country Profile: Bulgaria, Albania, 1990-91, London, 1990, 40.
| Product | 1950 | 1960 | 1970 | 1980 | 1985 | 1988 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Food | 64.1 | 43.5 | 30.4 | 25.6 | 25.3 | 24.7 |
| Oil | 18.8 | 15.5 | 14.9 | 9.2 | 5.7 | 5.2 |
| Light industry | 7.8 | 21.6 | 19.9 | 15.5 | 16.3 | 16.2 |
| Wood and paper | 6.7 | 11.2 | 8.0 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.1 |
| Building materials | 3.3 | 4.7 | 5.6 | 7.9 | 6.3 | 5.8 |
| Engineering | 3.1 | 2.9 | 7.6 | 12.5 | 14.7 | 14.5 |
| Copper | 2.2 | 0.8 | 5.2 | 6.4 | 7.6 | 8.8 |
| Chromite | 2.1 | 2.0 | 1.3 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 2.0 |
| Printing | 1.6 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.7 |
| Coal | 1.4 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.7 | 1.7 |
| Electric power | 0.5 | 1.1 | 2.0 | 3.6 | 2.9 | 3.1 |
| Chemicals | 0.3 | 0.6 | 3.3 | 4.7 | 5.5 | 5.9 |
| Glass and ceramies | --- | 0.2 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.9 |
| Iron and metallurgy | n.a. | 1.3 | 2.2 | 3.0 | 3.4 | 3.8 |
| Other | 1.5 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.5 |
| TOTAL* | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
---means negligible.
n.a.--not available.
*Figures may not add to 100 percent because of rounding or
because of unverified information in source.
Source: Based on information from Vjetari Statistiskor i R.P.S. Tė Shqipėrisė, 1988 (Statistical Yearbook of the Peoples Socialist Republic of Albania, 1988), Tiranė, 1988.
| Product | 1980 | 1985 | 1988 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Electric power (in millions of kilowatt-hours) | 3,717 | 3,147 | 3,984 |
| Blister copper | 9.8 | 11 | 15 |
| Copper wire and cable | 5.7 | 9.4 | 116 |
| Carbonic ferrochrome | 12.2 | 11.9 | 38.7 |
| Metallurgical coke | 173 | 250 | 291 |
| Rolled wrought steel | 96 | 107 | 96 |
| Phosphate fertilizer | 150 | 157 | 165 |
| Ammonium nitrate | 109 | 95 | 96 |
| Urea | 88 | 78 | 77 |
| Sulfuric acid | 72 | 73 | 81 |
| Caustic soda | 25 | 29 | 31 |
| Soda ash | 23 | 22 | 22 |
| Machinery and equipment (in millions of leks)* | 350 | 465 | 496 |
| Spare parts (in millions of leks)* | 327 | 407 | 493 |
| Cement | 826 | 642 | 746 |
| Bricks and tiles (in millions of pieces) | 294 | 295 | 319 |
| Refractory bricks (in millions of pieces) | 4.8 | 28 | 30 |
| Heavy cloth (in millions of meters) | 12.5 | 12.3 | 11.3 |
| Knitwear (in millions of pieces) | 9.8 | 11 | 12.1 |
| Footwear (in thousands of pairs) | 4,735 | 4,800 | 5,396 |
| Television receivers (in thousands) | 21 | 21.3 | 16.5 |
| Radio receivers (in thousands) | 8 | 16 | 25 |
| Cigarettes (in millions of pieces) | 4,950 | 5,348 | 5,310 |
| Soap and detergent | 14.7 | 18.2 | 21.5 |
* For value of the lek--see Glossary.
Source: Based on information from The Europa World Year Book, 1991, 1, London, 1991, 301.
| Product | 1980 | 1984 | 1985 | 1986 | 1987 | 1988 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Energy | ||||||
| Coal | 1,418 | 2,010 | 2,100 | 2,230 | 2,130 | 2,184 |
| Crude oil | 1,900* | 1,300* | 1,200* | 1,400* | 1,200 | 1,200* |
| Electricity (in gigawatt-hours) | 3,717 | 3,800 | 3,147 | 5,070 | 4,200* | 3,984 |
| Ores | ||||||
| Chromite | 1,004 | 960 | 1,111 | 1,207 | 1,080 | 1,109 |
| Copper | 769 | 1,007 | 989 | 1,024 | 1,160 | 1,087 |
| Ferronickel | 597 | 1,080 | 905 | n.a. | 970 | 1,067 |
n.a.--not available.
* Estimated.
Sources: Based on information from Per Sandstrom and Örjan Sjöberg, ""Albanian Economic Performance: Stagnation in the 1980s,"" Soviet Studies [Glasgow], 43, No. 5, 1991, 941.
| Country | 1982 | 1983 | 1984 | 1985 | 1986 | 1987 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imports | ||||||
| Yugoslavia | 74 | 50 | 43 | 42 | 46 | 37* |
| Italy | 42 | 28 | 27 | 15 | 9 | 26 |
| Bulgaria | 23 | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. |
| Romania | 19 | 27 | 20 | 22 | 23* | 25* |
| West Germany | 17 | 17 | 15 | 13 | 21 | 16 |
| France | 16 | 8 | 12 | 15 | 7 | 6 |
| Poland | 15 | 15 | 11 | 12* | 12* | 13* |
| Greece | 13 | 18 | 10 | 3 | 56 | 14* |
| Hungary | 12 | 9 | 8 | 10 | 11 | 13 |
| China | 4 | 7 | 2 | 6 | 13 | 19 |
| United States | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 2 |
| Britain | n.a. | n.a. | 2 | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. |
| Exports | ||||||
| Yugoslavia | 74 | 38 | 46 | 41 | 47 | 49 |
| West Germany | 36 | 22 | 14 | 16 | 18 | 16 |
| Italy | 32 | 27 | 22 | 20 | 21 | 34 |
| Romania | 27 | 30 | 25 | 27 | 28* | 31* |
| Bulgaria | 23 | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. |
| Poland | 18 | 18 | 12 | 13* | 14* | 15* |
| United States | 17 | 4 | 9 | 12 | 5 | 3 |
| Greece | 12 | 8 | 7 | 9 | 6 | 4* |
| Hungary | 11 | 10 | 8 | 10 | 14 | 13 |
| France | 9 | 15 | 28 | 17 | 6 | 8 |
| Britain | 8 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 4 | 4 |
| China | n.a. | 4 | 3 | 10 | 9 | 15 |
n.a.--not available.
* Estimated.
Source: Based on information from Economist Intelligence Unit, Country Profile: Bulgaria, Albania, 1990-91, London, 1990, 47; and International Monetary Fund, Direction of Trade Statistics, Washington, n.d.
| Product | 1970 | 1975 | 1980 | 1985 | 1988 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capital goods | 32.8 | 45.2 | 21.7 | 25.1 | 31.5 |
| Spare parts | 7.2 | 3.8 | 2.5 | 5.3 | 4.8 |
| Fuels and minerals | 21.6 | 21.4 | 35.8 | 27.0 | 23.1 |
| Chemicals | 9.4 | 8.3 | 14.9 | 14.1 | 12.7 |
| Building materials | 1.8 | 0.9 | 2.6 | 1.4 | 0.1 |
| Nonedible agricultural products | 14.7 | 11.3 | 13.5 | 12.8 | 13.5 |
| Foodstuffs | 3.4 | 5.0 | 4.0 | 8.3 | 8.1 |
| Consumer goods | 7.7 | 4.1 | 5.0 | 6.0 | 6.2 |
| TOTAL* | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
* Figures may not add to total because of rounding.
Source: Based on information from Gramoz Pashko, ""The Albanian Economy at the Beginning of the 1990s,"" in Örjan Sjöberg and Michael L. Wyzan (eds.), Economic Change in the Balkan States: Albania, Bulgaria, Romania, and Yugoslavia, London, 1991, 137.
| Product | 1970 | 1975 | 1980 | 1985 | 1988 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fuels | 27.4 | 25.7 | 29.0 | 15.1 | 7.9 |
| Electric power | n.a. | 2.9 | 9.1 | 7.8 | 7.3 |
| Minerals and metals | 31.1 | 26.9 | 24.5 | 31.5 | 39.8 |
| Chemicals | 1.2 | 0.3 | 1.2 | 0.7 | 0.8 |
| Building materials | 0.1 | 0.7 | 1.5 | 1.0 | 1.5 |
| Nonedible agricultural products | 13.1 | 9.4 | 10.4 | 14.6 | 16.1 |
| Processed foods | 15.1 | 15.5 | 8.4 | 10.8 | 8.7 |
| Unprocessed foods | 4.4 | 6.3 | 5.4 | 8.1 | 8.2 |
| Consumer goods | 7.6 | 12.3 | 10.5 | 10.7 | 9.7 |
| TOTAL* | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
n.a.--not available.
* Figures may not add to total because of rounding.
Source: Based on information from Gramoz Pashko, ""The Albanian Economy at the Beginning of the 1990s,"" in Örjan Sjöberg and Michael L. Wyzan (eds.), Economic Change in the Balkan States: Albania, Bulgaria, Romania, and Yugoslavia, London, 1991, 137.