Appendix A. Tables

Table 1. Metric Conversion Coofficients and Factors


When you kow	Multiply by	To find
Millimeters	0.04	inches
Centimeters	0.39	inches
Meters	3.3	feet
Kilometers	0.62	miles
Hectares	2.47	acres
Square kilometers	0.39	square miles
Cubic meters	35.3	cubic feet
Liters	0.26	gallons
Kilograms	2.2	pounds
Metric tons	0.98	long tons
	1.1	short tons
	2,204	pounds
Degrees Celsius (Centigrade)	1.8 and add 32	degrees Fahrenheit

Table 2. Population and Growth Rate by Region, 1980-85

	Population¹						Growth Rate²
Region	1980	1981	1982	198 3	1984	1985	1980	1981	198 2	1983	1984	1985
Altiplano	2,957	3,037	3,122	3,204	3,292	3,382	n.a.	2.7	2.8	2.6	2.7	2.7
Yungas and other valleys	1,519	1,556	1,591	1,632	1,631	1,712	n.a.	2.4	2.3	2.6	2.4	2.4
Lowlands	1,123	1,163	1,203	1,246	1,289	1,335	n.a.	3.5	3.5	3.5	3.5	3.5
TOTAL³	5,600	5,755	5,916	6,082	6,213	6,429	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.

n.a.--not available.
¹ In thousands.
² In percentages.
³ Figures may not add to total because of rounding.

Source: Based on information from Bolivia, Ministerio de Planeamiento y Coordinación, Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Bolivia en cifras, 1985,2 La Paz, 1986, 38-40.

Table 3. Projected Rural and Urban Growth Rate, Selected Years, 1990-2025

	Population¹				Growth Rate²				Percentage of Total Population
	1990	1995	2000	2025	1990	1995	2000	2025	1990	1995	2000	2025
Rural	3,636	3,986	4,336	7,044	1.6	1.9	1.7	1.1	49	n.a.	44	40
Urban	3,763	4,571	5,502	10,565	4.2	4.0	3.8	2.3	51	n.a.	56	60
TOTAL³	7,400	8,557	9,839	17,609	2.9	2.9	2.9	3.5	100	100	100	100

n.a.--not available.
¹ In thousands.
² In percentages.
³ Figures may not add to total because of rounding.

Source: Based on information from Bolivia, Instituto Geográfico Militar, Atlas de Bolivia, Barcelona, 1985, 196; and Carlos F. Toranzo (ed.), Bolivia hacia el 2000, Caracas, 1989, 180.

Table 4. Estimated Enrollment of School-Aged Population by Education Level and Sex, 1965, 1973, and 1987

**(in percentages)**
Level	1965	1973	1987
Primary school
Male	86	91	94
Female	60	62	81
Both sexes	73	76	87
Secondary school
Male	21	28	38
Female	15	20	32
Both sexes	18	24	35

Source: Based on information from World Bank, Social Indicators of Development, 1987, Washington, 1987.

Table 5. Probability of Dying Before Age Five by Region, Rural-Urban Breakdown, and Department, 1976

	Before Age One	Before Age Two	Before Age Five
Region
Altiplano	.16	.22	.27
Yungas and other valleys	.17	.23	.28
Lowlands	.11	.15	.17
Area
Urban	.12	.17	.19
Rural	.17	.24	.29
Department
Beni	.11	.14	.17
Chuquisaca	.18	.26	.32
Cochabamba	.17	.24	.29
La Paz	.14	.20	.23
Oruro	.16	.22	.27
Pando	.13	.18	.21
Potosí	.20	.28	.35
Tarija	.13	.17	.20
Santa Cruz	.12	.16	.18

Source: Based on information from United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Oficina Regional de Educación de la UNESCO para América Latina y el Caribe, Informaciones estadísticas de la educación y análisis cuantitativo, Santiago, Chile, July 1983, 38.

Table 6. Area and Output of Major Agricultural Commodities, 1984-88

Commodity	1984		1985		1986		1987		1988
	Area¹	Output²	Area	Output	Area	Output	Area	Output	Area	Output
Barley	90	72	95	76	90	84	86	67	80	75
Corn³	193	370	231	460	175	385	174	360	160	350
Potatoes	143	664	198	768	190	670	196	625	190	700
Rice	121	166	119	173	87	126	94	180	90	140
Wheat	89	69	92	68	82	60	77	50	88	60
Cotton	6	2	10	3	11	4	8	2	9	4
Soybeans	37	71	43	81	68	148	43	82	65	150
Sugar	77	182	78	182	83	190	73	167	62	140

¹ In thousands of hectares.
² In thousands of tons.
³ Includes only yellow Cuban corn, not the more common white corn grown in Bolivia.

Source: Based on information from Gary C. Groves, "Bolivia: Agricultural Situation Report," Washington, March 30, 1988, 24- 25.

Table 7. Exports and Imports of Major Agricultural Commodities, 1984-88

**(in thousands of tons)**
Commodity	1984		1985		1986		1987		1988
	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	Exports	Imports	E xports	Imports	Exports
Barley	25	0	20	0	25	0	25	0	25	0
Corn¹	0	20	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Potatoes	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rice	0	20	0	20	20	0	0	0	35	0
Wheat	274	0	330	0	270²	0	280²	0	280²	0
Cotton	2	0.5	3	0.6	2	5	2	0	0	0
Soybeans	0	0	0	0	0	17	0	8	0	10
Sugar	0	17	0	6	0	18	0	35	10	0

¹ Includes only yellow Cuban corn, not the more common white corn grown in Bolivia.
² Includes wheat equivalent of flour.

Source: Based on information from Gary C. Groves, "Bolivia: Agricultural Situation Report," Washington, March 30, 1988, 24- 25.

Table 8. Production and Exports of Petroleum and Natural Gas, 1980-85

	1980	1981	1982	1983	1984	1985
Production
Crude petroleum¹	1,384	1,286	1,418	1,288	1,211	1,152
Refined products¹	1,503	1,352	1,373	1,242	1,234	1,220
Natural gas²^,³	4,780	4,969	5,320	5,041	4,905	4,644
Exports
Crude petroleum and refined products¹	104	14	26	190	n.a.	n.a.
Natural gas³	2,040	2,196	2,297	2,227	2,210	2,216

n.a.--not available.
¹ In thousands of cubic meters.
² Includes rejected gas.
³ In millions of cubic meters.

Source: Based on information from Economist Intelligence Unit, Country Profile: Bolivia, 1988-89, London, 1988, 16.

Table 9. Production of Selected Minerals, 1986 and 1987

**(in kilograms fine content)**
	Total		Comibol¹		Medium Miners		Small Miners²
Mineral	1986	1987	1986	19 87	1986	1987	1986	1987
Tin	10,382,618	8,128,044	4,231,972	383,810	3,203,470	2,237,330	2,947,176	5,506,904
Lead	2,750,707	9,042,420	1,319,540	1,005,040	364,188	6,534,190	1,066,979	1,503,190
Zinc	33,296,046	39,122,311	3,915,402	2,899,810	28,294,999	35,275,567	1,085,645	946,934
Tungsten (wolfram)³	1,360,768	804,349	57,908	0	717,907	501,137	584,953	303,212
Silver	87,909	140,216	33,650	40,050	35,616	72,461	18,643	27,705
Bismuth	43,362	638	41,114	0	0	0	2,248	638
Antimony	10,243,182	10,635,422	0	0	7,190,394	6,827,222	3,052,788	3,808,200
Cadmium	33,846	14,620	18,770	14,620	15,076	0	0	0
Gold (in fine grams)	763,005	2,755,290	1,097	0	295,543⁴	487,580⁴	466,365⁴	2,267,710⁴

¹ Corporación Minera de Bolivia (Mining Corporation of Bolivia).
² Includes other exporters and mining cooperatives.
³ In wolframite content.
⁴ Gold purchased by Mining Bank of Bolivia (Banco Minero de Bolivia -- Bamin) from gold cooperatives and small miners. Does not reflect total gold production.

Source: Based on information from United States, Department of Commerce, Bolivia Minerals Report, FY 1987, Washington, 1987, Appendix 2, 2, and Appendix 3, 3.

Table 10. Exports, Selected Years, 1980- 87

	Value¹				Percentage of Total Exports		Rate of Growth²
Commodity	1984	1985	1986	1987³	1980	1987³	19 84	1985	1986	1987³
Traditional
Metallic tin	191.0	134.0	55.0	13.0	23.1	2.3	9.1	- 29.8	-59.0	- 76.4
Tin concentrates	57.0	53.0	49.0	56.0	13.4	9.8	78.1	- 7.0	-7.5	14.3
Silver	21.0	10.0	27.0	33.0	11.4	5.8	-63.8	- 52.4	170.0	22.2
Zinc	37.0	29.0	28.0	33.0	3.6	5.8	12.1	- 21.6	-3.4	17.9
Tungsten (wolfram)	19.0	10.0	7.0	5.0	4.5	0.9	-5.0	- 47.4	-30.0	- 28.6
Antimony	23.0	16.0	14.0	23.0	2.5	4.0	43.7	- 30.4	-12.5	64.3
Other minerals	16.0	12.0	17.0	44.0	3.4	7.7	23.1	- 25.0	41.7	158.8
Natural gas	376.0	373.0	329.0	248.0	21.3	43.6	-0.5	- 0.8	-11.8	-24.6
Other hydrocarbons	13.0	2.0	4.0	8.0	3.3	1.4	-69.0	- 84.6	100.0	100.0
Total traditional	753.0	639.0	530.0	463.0	86.5	86.3	-1.8	- 15.3	-17.1	- 12.5
Nontraditional
Sugar	7.0	2.0	5.0	8.0	4.9	1.4	-41.6	- 71.4	150.0	60.0
Coffee	7.0	14.0	13.0	11.0	2.0	1.9	-46.2	100.0	-7.1	15.4
Timber	6.0	7.0	23.0	31.0	2.9	5.4	-25.0	16.7	228.6	34.8
Other	9.0	11.0	67.0	56.0	4.5	9.8	-47.1	22.2	509.1	- 16.4
Total nontraditional	29.0	34.0	108.0	106.0	14.3	18.5	-42.0	17.2	217.6	-1.9
TOTAL	782.0	673.0	638.0	569.0	100.0⁴	100.0⁴	-4.3	-14.1	-5.2	-10.7

¹ In millions of current United States dollars; cost, insurance, and freight.
² In percentages.
³ Preliminary.
⁴ Figures do not add to total because of rounding.

Source: Based on information from United Nations, Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, Estudio económico de América Latina y el Caribe, 1987: Bolivia, Santiago, Chile, 1988, 19.

Table 11. Imports, Selected Years, 1980- 87

Commodity	Value¹				Percentage of Total Imports		Rate of Growth²
	1984	1985	1986	1987³	1980	1987³	1984	1985	1986	1987³
Consumer goods
Nondurable	42.0	37.0	43.0	52.0	15.4	6.7	-8.7	- 11.9	16.2	20.9
Durable	53.0	70.0	71.0	73.0	9.8	9.4	165.0	32.1	1.4	2.8
Total consumer goods	95.0	107.0⁴	114.0	125.0	25.2	16.1	-43.9	12.6	6.5	9.6
Raw materials and intermediate goods
For agriculture	18.0	15.0	22.0	22.0	1.6	2.8	63.6	- 16.7	46.7	n.a.
For industry	152.0	185.0	200.0	245.0	30.3	31.5	-32.1	21.7	8.1	22.5
Construction materials	32.0	21.0	34.0	44.0	4.7	5.7	-25.6	- 34.4	61.9	29.4
Fuel and lubricants	2.0	2.0	2.3	3.3	n.a.	0.4	-50.0	n.a.	15.0	43.5
Total raw materials and intermediate goods	204.0	223.0	258.3	314.3	36.6	40.4	- 27.7	9.31	5.8	21.7
Capital goods
For agriculture	14.0	22.0	45.0	38.0	2.0	4.910	0.0	57.1	104.5	- 15.6
For industry	103.0	109.0	173.0	180.0	21.4	23.2	-33.9	5.85	8.7	4.0
Transport equipment	68.0	71.0	113.0	105.0	11.9	13.5	15.3	4.45	9.2	- 7.1
Total capital goods	185.0	202.0	331.0	323.0	35.3	41.6	-16.6	9.26	3.9	-2.4
Other	5.0	21.0	10.0	15.0	2.4	1.9	-52.6	320.0	-52.4	50.0
TOTAL	489.0	553.0	713.3	777.3	100.0	100.0	-16.3	13.1	29.0	9.0

n.a.--not available.
¹ In millions of current United States dollars; cost, insurance, and freight.
² In percentages.
³ Preliminary.
⁴ Figures do not add to total because of rounding.

Table 12. Balance of Payments, 1983, 1985, and 1987

**(in millions of United States dollars)**
	1983	1985	1987
Exports of goods¹	755.1	623.4	470.0
Imports of goods¹	- 496.0	-462.8	- 658.0
Trade balance	259.1	160.6	-188.0
Exports of services	143.9	114.0	143.0
Imports of services	-647.3	-636.5	-572.0
Net private transfers	40.2	19.7	20.2
Net official transfers	65.2	59.8	109.0
Subtotal	-398.0	- 443.0	-299.8
Current account balance	- 138.9	-282.4	- 487.8
Direct investment	6.9	10.0	22.0
Portfolio investment	-1.8	-0.9	n.a.
Other long-term capital	- 221.2	-243.9	- 90.8
Short-term capital	-113.5	-2.2	7.8
Capital account balance	- 329.6	-237.0	- 61.0
Errors and omissions	71.5	187.9	-1.2
Counterpart items	6.0	3.7	-23.8
Exceptional financing	668.4	352.6	441.8
Liabilities	-230.4	-62.7	40.9
Change in reserves²	- 47.0	37.9	91.1

n.a.--not available.
¹ Free on board.
² Minus sign indicates increase in reserves.

Source: Based on information from Economist Intelligence Unit, Country Profile: Bolivia, 1988-89, London, 1988, 23-24.

Table 13. Law-Making Process, 1989

Step	Description
Step 1	Bill is introduced in either chamber by senators,deputies, vice president, cabinet members, or thepresident. House where bill is introduced becomes chamber of origin; the "review chamber" is thesecond chamber.
Step 2	Bill may be voted on or sent to committee for a report.
Step 3	If bill is sent to committee, committee must submit report on bill before whole chamber. Bill is either approved, rejected, or sent back to committee. Once a bill is rejected, it cannot be resubmitted in either chamber until next legislative year.
Step 4	Bill is introduced in review chamber, where it must go through same process.
Step 5a	If bill is modified in review chamber, it is sent back to first chamber.
Step 5b	If review chamber rejects bill, it cannot be reintroduced until next legislative year.
Step 6	If revisions of bill are not accepted by first chamber, the president of either chamber must convoke a joint session within twenty days.
Step 7	A bill approved by both houses is sent to the president, who has ten days to take action.
Step 8a	If the president takes no action within ten days, the bill becomes law. If the legislative year ends before the ten days are over, the president may introduce reforms in next legislative year.
Step 8b	If the president makes modifications, bill must be sent back to chamber where it was introduced. If changes are approved by both houses, the bill must be returned to the president for signing.
Step 9	If both chambers reject the president's changes, a two-thirds majority can overturn a presidential veto.

Source: Based on information from Eduardo A. Gamarra, "Political Stability, Democratization, and the Bolivian National Congress," Pittsburgh, 1987.

Table 14. Composition of the National Congress, May 1989

	Senate	Chamber of Deputies	Total
MNR¹	9	40	49
ADN²	8	38	46
MIR³	8	33	41
Condepa⁴	2	9	11
IU⁵		10	10
TOTAL	27	130	157

¹Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionaria (Nationalist Revolutionary Movement).
²Acción Democr tica Nacionalista (Nationalist Democratic Action).
³Movimiento de la Izquierda Revolucionaria (Movement of the Revolutionary Left).
⁴Conciencia de la Patria (Conscience of the Fatherland).
⁵Izquierda Unida (United Left).

Table 15. Transition to Democracy, 1971- 89

Period	Head of Government	Nature of Government	Source of Authority	Outcome of Government
1971-78	Hugo Banzer Suárez	Military, de facto	Coup d'état	Coup d'état
1978	Juan Pereda Asbún	-do-	-do-	-do-
1978-79	David Padilla Arancibia	-do-	-do-	Stepped down
1979	Walter Guevara Arze	Civilian, constitutional	Elected by Congress	Coup d'état
1979	Alberto Natusch Busch	Military, de facto	Coup d'état	Forced tostep down
1979-80	Lidia Gueiler Tejada	Civilian, constitutional	Elected by Congress	Coup d'état
1980-81	Luis García Meza Tejada	Military, de facto	Coup d'état	Resigned
1981	Celso Torrelio Villa, Waldo Bernal Pereira, Oscar Pammo Rodríguez	-do-	Named by García Meza	-do-
1981-82	Celso Torrelio Villa	-do-	Named by military junta	-do-
1982	Guido Vildoso Calderón	-do-	Named by armed forces	Stepped down
1982-85	Hernán Siles Zuazo	Civilian, constitutional	Elected by Congress	Forced to call early elections
1985-89	Víctor Paz Estenssoro	-do-	-do-	Completed term
1989-	Jaime Paz Zamora	-do-	-do-	In power 1989

Table 16. Election Results, May 1989

Party	Candidates	Number of Votes	Percentage of Vote
MNR¹	Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada, Walter Guevara Arze	363,113	23.1
ADN²	Hugo Banzer Suárez, Luis Ossio Sanjinés	357,298	22.7
MIR³	Jaime Paz Zamora, Gustavo Fernandez	309,033	19.6
IU⁴	Antonio Aranibar, Walter Delgadillo	113,509	7.2
Condepa⁵	Carlos Palenque, Jorge Cusicanqui Escobari	173,459	11.0
PS-1⁶	Roger Cortez, Jerjes Justiniano	39,763	2.5
MRTK⁷	Víctor Hugo Cárdenas, Emmo Valeriano Thola	22,983	1.5
FULKA⁸	Genaro Flores, Hermógenes Basualdo	16,416	1.0
FSB⁹	Rommel Pantoja, Nestor W. Cerruto	10,608	0.7
MIN¹⁰	Luis Sandóval Morón, Oscar García Suárez	9,687	0.6
Blank¹¹	n.a.	68,626	4.4
Null¹²	n.a.	89,295	5.7
TOTAL		1,573,790	100.0

¹Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario (Nationalist Revolutionary Movement).
²Acción Democrática Nacionalista (Nationalist Democratic Action).
³Movimiento de la Izquierda Revolucionaria (Movement of the Revolutionary Left).
⁴Izquierda Unida (United Left).
⁵Conciencia de la Patria (Conscience of the Fatherland).
⁶Partido Socialista Uno (Socialist Party One).
⁷Movimiento Revolucionario Túpac Katari (Túpac Katari Revolutionary Movement).
⁸Frente #Unica de Liberación Katarista (Sole Katarista Liberation Front).
⁹Falange Socialista Boliviana (Bolivian Socialist Falange). ¹⁰Movimiento de la Izquierda Nacionalista (Nationalist Leftist Movement).
¹¹Ballots not filled out.
¹²Ballots nullified for some reason, e.g., defaced.

Source: Based on information from "Final Official Vote Count," Presencia [La Paz], May 28, 1989, 1.

Table 17. Major Army Equipment, 1989

Type and Description	Country of Origin	Inventory
Light tanks
Alvis Scorpion	Britain	12
Steyr Sk 105mm	Austria	36
Armored combat vehicles
EE-9 Cascavel	Brazil	24
Kürassier tank destroyers	West Germany	18
Armored personnel carriers
M-113	United States	50
V-100 Commando	-do-	15
MOWAG Roland	France	24
EE-11 Urutu	Brazil	24
Artillery
M-116 75-mm Pack howitzers	United States	6
M-101 105-mm howitzers	-do-	6
Bofors M-1935 75-mm guns	Sweden	10
FH-18 howitzers	n.a.	20
Recoilless rifles
90-mm	United States	50
M-40A1 106-mm	-do-	n.a.
Mortars
60-mm	-do-	n.a.
M-30 107-mm	-do-	n.a.
M-29 81-mm	-do-	250
Aircraft
Beech Super King Air	-do-	1
Piper Cheyenne II	-do-	1
Casa C-212	Spain	1

n.a.--not available.

Source: Based on information from The Military Balance, 1989- 1990, London, 1989, 184; and "World Defence Almanac," Military Technology [Bonn], 13, No. 1, January 1989, 42.

Table 18. Major Naval Equipment, 1989

Type and Description	Country of Origin	Inventory
Patrol craft
Various sizes	n.a.	32
Piranhas	United States	8
Patrol launch	-do-	1
Hospital-type patrol launch	n.a.	2
Sea-going vessel	Venezuela	1
Hydrographic research ship	n.a.	1
Transport ship	n.a.	1
Aircraft
Cessna 402	United States	1
Cessna 206	-do-	1

n.a.--not available.

Source: Based on information from The Military Balance, 1989- 1990, London, 1989, 184; and "World Defence Almanac," Military Technology [Bonn], 13, No. 1, January 1989, 42.

Table 19. Major Air Force Equipment, 1989

Type and Description	Country of Origin	Inventory
Fixed-wing fighters
AT-33N	Canada	14
F-86F Sabre	United States	4
Hughes 500M	-do-	10
Counterinsurgency
AT-6G	n.a.	12
PC-7	Switzerland	12
Fixed-wing utility
Cessna	United States	24
Trainers
T-41D Mescalero	-do-	6
Cessna 172	-do-	3
Cessna 310	-do-	2
Cessna A-152	-do-	12
T-23 Uriapuru	Brazil	18
SF-260CB	Italy	6
SF-260M	-do-	3
PC-7	Switzerland	24
T-33A	United States	18
Transports
L-188 Electra	-do-	1
Sabreliner 65	-do-	1
Super King Air	-do-	3
Cessna	-do-	3
C-130 Hercules	-do-	6
C-47	-do-	8
IAI-201 Arava	Israel	4
F27-400 Friendship	Netherlands	6
L-100-30 Hercules	United States	1
Convair 440	-do-	4
PC-6B Turbo Porters	West Germany	17
Reconnaissance
Learjet 25B	United States	2
Cessna 402B	-do-	1
Helicopters
UH-1H	-do-	7
Bell 212	-do-	2
SA-315B/HB-315B	France	8
Artillery
20-mm Oerlikon guns	Switzerland	50

n.a.--not available.

Source: Based on information from The Military Balance, 1989- 1990, London, 1989, 184; and "World Defence Almanac," Military Technology [Bonn], 13, No. 1, January 1989, 42.

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