Appendix A. Tables

Table 1. Metric Conversion Coofficients and Factors


When you kow	Multiply by	To find
Millimeters	0.04	inches
Centimeters	0.39	inches
Meters	3.3	feet
Kilometers	0.62	miles
Hectares	2.47	acres
Square kilometers	0.39	square miles
Cubic meters	35.3	cubic feet
Liters	0.26	gallons
Kilograms	2.2	pounds
Metric tons	0.98	long tons
	1.1	short tons
	2,204	pounds
Degrees Celsius (Centigrade)	1.8 and add 32	degrees Fahrenheit

Table 22. Bhutan: Climatic Statistics, Selected Stations, 1988

Station	Average Annual Precipitation1	Temperature2
		Minimum	Maximum
Chhukha	1,566	8.7	27.6
Daga	1,282	7.5	25.3
Damphu	1,818	6.5	23.4
Gedu	3,498	4.2	23.7
Samchi	4,290	16.3	32.0
Shemgang	1,743	6.4	20.1
Thimphu	646	- 3.8	25.6
Tongsa	1,259	- 0.1	21.7
Wangdiphodrang	639	4.6	28.3

1In millimeters.
2In degrees Celsius.

Source: Based on information from Bhutan, Planning Commission, Central Statistical Office, Statistical Yearbook of Bhutan, 1989, Thimphu, May 1990, 28-33.

Table 23. Bhutan: Population by District, 1969 and 1980

District	1969	1980
Bumthang	n.a.	n.a.
Chhukha	n.a.	97,200
Chirang	80,357	104,500
Chotse	46,316	n.a.
Daga	n.a.	27,700
Dar	16,908	n.a.
Gardzong	10,344	n.a.
Geylegphug	n.a.	112,800
Ha	21,356	17,100
Ja	37,816	n.a.
Lhuntshi	45,651	36,900
Mongar	121,252	71,300
Pangdzong	21,212	n.a.
Pemagatsel	n.a.	35,100
Punakha	n.a.	34,500
Rinpung (Paro)	63,032	39,800
Samchi	57,161	138,900
Samdrup Jongkhar	n.a.	72,200
Shemgang	53,136	43,300
Tashigang	234,708	170,000
Thimphu	60,027	64,600
Tongsa	n.a.	28,600
Wangdiphodrang	n.a.	47,700
Wangdzong	61,338	n.a.
TOTAL	930,614	1,142,200*

n.a.--not available.
*A total of 1,165,000 was provided by Bhutan's Central Statistical Office.

Source: Based on information from Leo E. Rose, The Politics of Bhutan, Ithaca, 1977, 41; and Bhutan, Planning Commission, Central Statistical Office, Statistical Yearbook of Bhutan, 1989, Thimphu, May 1990, 2.

Table 24. Bhutan: Gross Domestic Product by Sector, Selected Years, 1981-91

**(in percentages)**
Sector	1981	1983	1985	198 7	19892	19912
Crop farming	25.9	26.3	24.7	20.3	20.5	20.3
Livestock	12.3	11.9	11.7	10.5	10.3	10.2
Forestry and logging	14.7	15.0	16.2	15.2	15.0	15.7
Fishing	---	---	---	---	---	---
Total agriculture, forestry, and fishing	59.2	53.2	52.6	46.0	45.8	46.2
Mining and quarrying	0.6	0.6	0.9	1.0	1.3	1.5
Manufacturing	4.9	5.5	5.5	5.8	4.8	5.2
Electricity and gas	0.2	0.4	0.3	10.7	12.0	10.7
Construction	11.2	13.6	12.4	9.9	8.9	9.0
Commercial services3	12.2	9.7	8.6	7.0	7.5	7.4
Transportation, storage, and communications	4.5	4.4	4.4	3.6	4.0	4.1
Finance, insurance, real estate, and business services	6.3	5.7	6.4	6.0	5.8	5.9
Community, social, and personal services4	9.5	8.8	11.1	11.8	11.5	11.6
(Less imputed bank service charges)	- 2.3	-1.9	-2.2	-1.8	-1.6	- 1.6
TOTAL	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0

---means negligible.
1Based on current prices.
2Projected.
3Wholesale and retail trade, hotels, and restaurants.
4Government administration and defense.

Source: Based on information from Bhutan, Planning Commission, Central Statistical Office, Statistical Yearbook of Bhutan, 1989, Thimphu, May 1990, 82, 84.

Table 25. Bhutan: Value and Growth Rate of Gross Domestic Product, Selected Years, 1980-91

Year	Value2	Growth Rate2
1980	1,095	n.a.
1981	1,280	16.9
1982	1,498	17.0
1983	1,754	17.0
1984	2,060	17.5
1985	2,350	14.1
1986	2,759	17.4
1987	3,531	28.0
19884	3,441	7.6
19894	3,633	5.6
19904	3,835	5.6
19914	4,049	5.6

n.a.--not available.
1Based on current prices.
2In millions of ngultrum; for value of the ngultrum--see Glossary.
3In percentages.
4Projected for Sixth Development Plan (1987-92).

Source: Based on information from Bhutan, Planning Commission, Central Statistical Office, Statistical Yearbook of Bhutan, 1989, Thimphu, May 1990, 82, 84.

Table 26. Bhutan: Allocation and Sources of Funds under Development Plans, 1961-92

Development Plan	Funds Allocated1	Sources of Funds	Domestic3	India Other4
First (1961-66)	107	0.0	100.0	0.0
Second (1966-71)	202	1.1	98.9	0.0
Third (1971-76)	475	6.9	89.8	3.3
Fourth (1976-81)	1,106	5.4	77.1	17.5
Fifth (1981-87)	4,711	31.0	42.8	26.2
Sixth (1987-92)	9,5005	34.7	27.5	37.8

n.a.--not available.
1In round millions of ngultrum; for value of the ngultrum--see Glossary.
2In percentages.
3Domestic revenues and internal loans.
4External grants and loans (includes financial gap).
5Proposed.

Source: Based on information from World Bank, Bhutan: Development Planning in a Unique Environment, Washington, 1989, 26, 28, 33.

Table 27. Bhutan: Allocation of Funds under Development Plans by Sector or Business, 1961- 92

**(in percentage)**
Sector or Business	First(1961-66)	Second (1966-71)	Third (1971-76)	Fourth (1976- 81)	Fifth(1981-87)	Sixth (1987-92)
Agriculture	1.8	10.7	12.3	23.4	9.0	9.2
Food Corporation of Bhutan	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2.9	1.1
Animal husbandry	1.4	2.9	5.1	5.6	3.5	3.5
District administration	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	2.5
Druk-Air	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4.1
Education	8.8	17.7	18.9	12.2	11.2	8.1
Forestry	3.0	3.4	6.0	10.0	4.9	4.4
General government	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	24.0	20.6
Geological survey	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.4
Health	2.9	8.3	8.0	4.9	5.1	4.2
Industry, mining, trade, and commerce	1.0	0.5	5.3	15.8	7.0	13.3
Information and broadcasting	0.1	0.7	0.8	1.0	0.8	1.0
Posts and telegraphs	0.5	2.9	2.4	1.5	1.4	0.7
Power generation1	1.4	4.5	6.3	4.6	7.3	13.1
Public works	58.7	34.9	17.8	11.6	16.9	9.3
Road transportation and aviation	7.0	5.9	2.0	0.0	0.6	0.5
Telecommunications	0.0	0.0	3.1	3.4	0.7	1.4
Tourism	0.0	0.0	3.0	1.1	0.6	0.0
Urban development	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4.0	2.6
Other	13.4	7.7	8.9	4.9	0.0	0.0
TOTAL2	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0

n.a.--not available.
1Excluding the Chhukha Hydel Project.
2Figures may not add to total because of rounding.

Source: Based on information from Bhutan, Planning Commission, Central Statistical Office, Statistical Yearbook of Bhutan, 1989, Thimphu, May 1990, 79.

Table 28. Bhutan: Major Trade with India, Selected Years, 1981-87

**(in millions of ngultrum)**
Commodity	1981	1983	1985	1987
Exports
Cement	35.7	35.2	55.0	103.2
Timber	16.0	8.2	46.8	121.2
Cardamom	10.8	8.0	38.0	21.9
Ginger	---	---	---	2.0
Fruit products	4.5	11.0	21.2	22.3
Potatoes	15.6	5.1	16.1	23.2
Oranges	17.2	3.6	13.3	19.7
Resin	7.2	8.1	10.7	6.0
Alcoholic beverages	1.0	4.4	7.8	17.5
Soft drinks	---	-- -	---	4.2
Veneers	0.3	3.0	6.9	0.9
Apples	0.1	0.5	6.1	8.9
Methyl	4.9	0.3	3.2	1.9
Blockboard	---	0.1	14.8	29.3
Electricity	---	-- -	---	275.9
Dolomite	---	---	---	13.2
Other	52.9	69.7	30.1	31.1
Total exports	166.2	157.2	270.0	702.4
Imports
Diesel oil	28.0	40.4	53.4	45.1
Gasoline	11.7	13.4	16.2	20.3
Kerosene	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	8.7
Rice	15.6	17.2	33.5	52.3
Tires and tubes	4.8	1.0	33.5	30.1
Electricity	4.8	15.8	23.4	14.2
Truck chassis	19.9	4.4	41.4	23.4
Iron rods	28.8	5.9	21.7	49.3
Structures and parts	44.3	3.3	8.7	8.7
Machinery components	14.6	6.2	49.6	21.2
Hardware	2.0	1.3	21.1	2.5
Passenger automobiles	2.0	2.5	4.1	6.6
Bitumen	11.3	5.2	13.3	2.5
Textiles	12.0	1.3	17.0	16.4
Other	320.8	482.7	463.1	598.4
Total imports	520.6	600.6	800.0	899.7
TRADE BALANCE	-354.4	-443.4	-530.0	- 197.3

---means no trade.
n.a.--not available.
*For value of the ngultrum--see Glossary.

Source: Based on information from Bhutan, Planning Commission, Central Statistical Office, Statistical Yearbook of Bhutan, 1989, Thimphu, May 1990, 62.

Table 29. Bhutan: Foreign Trade, Fiscal Years 1982-89

**(in millions of ngultrum)1**
Year	Exports2	Imports3	Trade Balance
1982	159.4	646.5	-487.1
1983	160.7	730.0	-569.3
1984	206.4	825.2	-618.8
1985	272.0	1,041.6	-769.6
1986	427.1	1,205.4	-778.3
1987	711.9	1,194.6	-482.7
1988	1,072.6	1,817.0	-744.4
1989	1,190.7	1,770.2	-579.5

1For value of the ngultrum--see Glossary.
2Free on board.
3Cost, insurance, and freight.

Source: Based on information from Bhutan, Planning Commission, Central Statistical Office, Statistical Yearbook of Bhutan, 1989, Thimphu, May 1990, 61; and International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics, Washington, January 1991, 124.

Table 30. Bhutan: Balance of Payments,

Selected Fiscal Years, 1982-88

**(in millions of ngultrum)1**
	1982	1984	1986	19882
Exports3	159.4	206.4	427.1	1,072.6
Imports4	-646.5	- 825.2	-1,205.4	- 1,817.0
Trade balance	-487.1	-618.8	-778.3	- 744.4
Services and transfer receipts	131.3	243.1	314.7	412.2
Services and transfer payments	- 389.9	-511.4	-616.0	-635.2
Current account balance	-754.7	-887.1	-1,079.6	-967.4
Foreign aid	788.7	989.0	1,268.8	1,086.3
Other loans	n.a.	n.a.	6.3	278.3
Errors and omissions	25.9	31.9	-2.5	- 48.9
Overall balance	59.9	133.8	193.0	348.3

n.a.--not available.
1For value of the ngultrum--see Glossary.
2Estimate.
3Free on board.
4Cost, insurance, and freight.

Source: Based on information from Bhutan, Planning Commission, Central Statistical Office, Statistical Yearbook of Bhutan, 1989, Thimphu, May 1990, 61.

Table 31. Bhutan: Diplomatic Relations with Other Nations, 1990

Nation1	Year2
Austria	1989
Bangladesh	1973
Denmark	1985
Finland	1986
India	1949
Japan	1986
Kuwait	1983
Maldives	1984
Nepal	1983
Netherlands	1985
Norway	1985
Pakistan	1988
South Korea	1987
Sri Lanka	1987
Sweden	1985
Switzerland	1985

1In 1988 Bhutan also recognized the State of Palestine as proclaimed by the Palestine National Council in Algiers. 2Date relations were established.

Table 32. Bhutan: Membership in Major International Organizations, 1990

Organization	Year1
Asian Development Bank	1982
Asia-Pacific Postal Union	1983
Colombo Plan for Cooperative Economic and Social Development in Asia and the Pacific	1962
Coordination Bureau of Non-Aligned Countries	1973
European Community	19852
Food and Agriculture Organization	1981
International Civil Aviation Organization	1989
International Development Association	1981
International Fund for Agricultural Development	1981
International Monetary Fund	1981
International Telecommunications Union	1988
Group of Seventy-Seven	1982
South Asia Co-operative Environmental Programme	1982
South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation	1983
United Nations	1971
United Nations Economic and Social Commission
for Asia and the Pacific	1972
United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization	1982
Universal Postal Union	1969
World Bank	1981
World Health Organization	1982

1Date Bhutan became a member.
2Observer status.

Table 33. Bhutan: Ranks in the Royal Bhutan Army,

1991

Bhutanese Rank*	Translation
Goongjey Field	marshal
Maksi goong	General
Goonglon	Lieutenant
Goonglon wogma	Major general
Dozin Wangpon	Brigadier
Maksi gom	Colonel
Maksi wom	Lieutenant colonel
Lingpon	Major
Chipon	Captain
Deda gom	Lieutenant
Deda wom	Second lieutenant
Dimpon gom	Warant officer
Dimpon wom	Sergeant major
Pelpon	Sergeant
Peljab	Corporal
Gopa	Lance corporal
Chyuma	Private

*Not all ranks have incumbents. Royal Bhutan Police ranks are the same as those used by the Royal Bhutan Army.

Source: Based on information from Rigzin Dorji, Forms of Address in Bhutan, New Delhi, 1976, 14.