ECUADOR - A Country Study

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• ECUADOR
• Foreword
• ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
• PREFACE
• COUNTRY PROFILE
  • COUNTRY
  • GEOGRAPHY
  • SOCIETY
  • ECONOMY
  • TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATIONS
  • GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS
  • NATIONAL SECURITY
• Introduction
• Chapter 1. Historical Setting
  • PRE-HISPANIC ERA
  • DISCOVERY AND CONQUEST
  • SPANISH COLONIAL ERA
  • THE STRUGGLE FOR INDEPENDENCE
  • THE FIRST CENTURY OF THE REPUBLIC
    • Initial Confusion, 1830-60
    • The Era of Conservatism, 1860-95
    • The Rule of the Liberals, 1895-1925
    • Reform, Chaos, and Debacle, 1925-44
  • THE POSTWAR ERA, 1944-84
    • Constitutional Rule, 1948-60
    • Instability and Military Dominance, 1960-72
    • Direct Military Rule, 1972-79
    • Return to Democratic Rule, 1979-84
• Chapter 2. The Society and Its Environment
  • GEOGRAPHY
    • Natural Regions
    • Drainage
    • Climate
  • POPULATION
  • MIGRATION AND URBANIZATION
  • SOCIAL CLASSES
    • Elite
    • Middle Class
    • Peasants
    • Workers
  • ETHNIC GROUPS
    • Whites and Mestizos
    • Blacks
    • Sierra Indians
    • Oriente Indians
  • FAMILY AND KIN
  • RELIGION
  • SOCIAL WELFARE
    • Education
    • Health and Social Security
• Chapter 3. The Economy
  • GROWTH AND STRUCTURE OF THE ECONOMY
  • RECENT ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE
  • ROLE OF GOVERNMENT
    • Fiscal Policies
    • Monetary and Exchange Rate Policies
    • Government Budget Process
  • HUMAN RESOURCES AND INCOME
    • Composition of Labor Force
    • Employment Indicators and Benefits
    • Organized Labor
  • AGRICULTURE
    • Land Use and Tenure
    • Crops
    • Livestock and Poultry
    • Fishing
    • Forestry
  • NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENERGY
    • Petroleum and Natural Gas
    • Mining and Minerals
    • Electric Power
  • MANUFACTURING
  • SERVICES
    • Financial System
    • Tourism
    • Communications
    • Transportation
  • EXTERNAL SECTOR
    • External Debt
    • Trade and Balance of Payments
• Chapter 4. Government and Politics
  • CONSTITUTIONAL BACKGROUND
  • GOVERNMENTAL STRUCTURE
    • The Executive
    • The Legislature
    • The Judiciary
      • The Court System
      • The Tribunal of Constitutional Guarantees
    • Public Administration
    • Local Government
    • The Electoral Process
  • POLITICAL DYNAMICS
    • Political Parties
      • Traditional Parties
      • Other Parties
      • Personalist Movements
      • Party Politics in the 1980s
    • Political Forces and Interest Groups
      • The Roman Catholic Church
      • The Military
      • The Economic Elite
      • Labor
      • Students
    • The Media
  • FOREIGN RELATIONS
    • The United States
    • Other Nations and International Organizations
• Chapter 5. National Security
  • MILITARY HERITAGE
  • STRATEGIC PERSPECTIVE
  • INVOLVEMENT IN POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT
  • ARMED FORCES
    • Army
      • Organization and Equipment
      • Training and Education
    • Navy
      • Organization and Equipment
      • Training and Education
    • Air Force
    • Military Justice
    • Ranks, Insignia, and Uniforms
  • RECRUITMENT AND CONDITIONS OF SERVICE
  • DEFENSE BUDGET
  • CIVIL DEFENSE
  • CIVIC ACTION
  • FOREIGN INFLUENCE
    • Military Relations with the United States
    • Equipment Sources
  • INTERNAL SECURITY
    • Police
      • Standards of Police Conduct
      • Narcotics Control
    • The Administration of Justice
    • The Penal System
• Appendix. Tables
• Bibliography
• Glossary