Library of Congress / Federal Research Division / Country Studies / Area Handbook Series / Estonia / Tables

Table 1. Metric Conversion Coefficients and Factors

When you know	Multiply by	To find

Millimeters	0.04	inches
Centimeters	0.39	inches
Meters	3.3	feet
Kilometers	0.62	miles
Hectares	2.47	acres
Square kilometers	0.39	square miles
Cubic meters	35.3	cubic feet
Liters	0.26	gallons
Kilograms	2.2	pounds
Metric tons	0.98	long tons
	1.1	short tons
	2,204.0	pounds
Degrees Celsius (Centigrade)	1.8 and add 32	degrees Fahrenheit

Table 2. Estonia: Total Population and Population by Nationality, Selected Years, 1922-89 (in percentages)

Nationality	1922	1934	1959	1970	1979	1989

Estonian	87.7	88.2	74.6	68.2	64.7	61.5
Russian	8.2	8.2	20.1	24.7	27.9	30.3
German	1.7	1.5	0.1	0.6	0.3	0.2
Swedish	0.7	0.7	--	--	--	--
Finnish	--	--	1.4	1.4	1.2	1.1
Ukrainian	--	--	1.3	2.1	2.5	3.1
Belorussian	--	--	0.9	1.4	1.6	1.7
Jewish	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.3
Other	1.3	1.0	1.2	1.2	1.5	1.8
TOTAL	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total population	1,107,059	1,126,413	1,196,791	1,356,000	1,464,476	1,565,662

Source: Based on information from Toivo V. Raun, Estonia and the Estonians, Stanford, California, 1991, 130; and Marje Jõeste, Ülo Kaevats, and Harry Õiglane, eds., Eesti A & Ö, Tallinn, 1993, 96.

Table 3. Estonia: Population of Largest Cities and Percentage Share of Estonians, 1934 and 1989

	1934		1989
City	Population	Percentage of Estonians	Population	Percentage of Estonians

Tallinn	137,792	85.6	478,974	47.4
Tartu	58,876	87.6	113,420	72.3
Narva	23,512	64.8	81,221	4.0
Pärnu	20,334	90.7	52,389	72.4
Viljandi	11,788	93.3	23,080	87.1
Valga	10,842	82.3	17,722	52.9
Rakvere	10,027	90.9	19,822	75.2
Võru	5,332	91.1	17,496	85.2
Haapsalu	4,649	88.3	14,617	66.4
Kuressaare	4,478	88.0	16,166	92.8
Tapa	3,751	93.7	10,439	37.0
Paide	3,285	93.5	10,849	86.7
Paldiski	851	94.0	7,690	2.4
Kohtla-Järve	--	--2	77,316	20.8

Source: Based on information from Kulno Kala, "Eesti rahvuslikust koosseeisust pärast Teist Maailmasõda," Akadeemia [Tartu], 4, No. 3, 1992, 534.

Table 4. Estonia: Net In-Migration, 1956-90

Period	Net In-Migration

1956-60	30,502
1961-65	40,435
1966-70	42,493
1971-75	31,760
1976-80	28,398
1981-85	28,136
1986-90	7,510

Source: Based on information from Estonia, Eesti Vabariigi Riiklik Statistikaamet, Statistika Aastaraamat, 1991, Tallinn, 1991, 26.

Table 5. Estonia: Natural Population Growth by Nationality, 1982-92

Year	Estonians	Other Nationalities	Total	Percentage Share of Estonians

1982	638	4,608	5,246	12.4
1983	727	5,246	5,973	12.2
1984	157	5,004	5,161	3.0
1985	-152	4,439	4,287	-3.0
1986	1,171	4,949	6,120	19.1
1987	1,654	5,153	6,807	24.3
1988	1,949	4,579	6,528	29.9
1989	2,578	3,201	5,779	44.6
1990	1,079	1,718	2,797	38.6
1991	-355	-30	-385	-92.2
1992	-783	-1,333	-2,116	-37.0

Source: Based on information from Estonia, Eesti Vabariigi Riiklik Statistikaamet, Statistika Aastaraamat, 1991, Tallinn, 1991, 39.

Table 6. Estonia: Gross Domestic Product, 1989-93 (at constant prices and in percentage of real growth)

	1989	1990	1991	1992	1993

Value	8,681	7,977	7,099	5,445	5,320
Percentage of real growth	3.3	-8.1	-11.9	-23.3	-2.3

Source: Based on information from Economist Intelligence Unit, Country Report: Baltic Republics: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania [London], No. 1, 1994, 4.

Table 7. Estonia: Employment Distribution by Sector, 1990

Sector	Employees	Percentage

Administration	17.1	2.1
Agriculture	94.5	11.9
Banking and insurance	4.0	0.5
Construction	78.8	9.9
Data services	3.4	0.4
Education and culture	79.8	10.0
Forestry	6.9	0.1
Health and sports	49.0	6.2
Housing and services	35.4	4.5
Industry	259.2	32.6
Science, research, and development	18.0	2.3
Trade and catering	69.5	8.7
Transportation and communications	68.3	8.6
Other	11.6	1.5
TOTAL	795.5	100.0

Source: Based on information from World Bank, Estonia: The Transition to a Market Economy, Washington, 1993, 265-66.

Table 8. Estonia: Major Trading Partners, 1992 and 1993 (in percentages)

Country	Exports		Imports
	1992	1993	1992	1993

Finland	21.1	20.7	22.6	27.9
Russia	20.8	22.6	28.4	17.2
Latvia	10.6	8.6	1.7	2.3
Sweden	7.7	9.5	5.9	8.9
Ukraine	6.9	3.6	3.2	n.a.
Netherlands	5.0	4.1	1.8	3.6
Germany	3.9	8.0	8.3	10.7
Denmark	2.4	2.4	1.7	2.6
United States	1.9	1.9	2.4	2.7
Lithuania	1.5	3.7	3.6	3.3
Japan	n.a.	n.a.	2.7	4.2
Other	18.2	14.9	17.7	16.6

Source: Based on information from Estonia, Estonian State Statistics Board, 1993 Statistical Yearbook, Tallinn, 1993, as reported by Baltic News Service, March 27, 1993; and Saulius Girnius, "The Economies of the Baltic States in 1993," RFE/RL Research Report [Munich], 3, No. 20, May 20, 1994, 8-9.

Table 9. Estonia: Foreign Trade by Commodity Share, 1992

Commodity Share	Percentage
Exports
Textiles and textile goods	14.0
Metals and metal products	11.3
Animals and animal products	11.2
Mineral products	10.9
Timber and timber products	7.9
Imports
Mineral products	27.2
Machinery and equipment	18.3
Textiles and textile goods	15.2
Automobiles and other vehicles	12.7

Source: Based on information from Estonia, Estonian State Statistics Board, 1993 Statistical Yearbook, Tallinn, 1993, as reported by Baltic News Service, March 27, 1993.

Table 10. Estonia: Foreign Investment Capital in Estonia by Country of Origin, April 1993

Country	Total Investment	Percentage

Sweden	835.4	37.7
Finland	663.7	30.0
Commonwealth of Independent States	235.7	10.6
United States	99.2	4.5
Netherlands	76.5	3.5
Yugoslavia	60.1	2.7
Germany	51.8	2.3
Other	191.0	8.6
TOTAL	2,213.4	100.0

Source: Based on information from R. Ehrlich and L. Luup, eds., Invest in the Future: The Future Is Estonia, Tallinn, 1993, 36.

Table 11. Estonia: Foreign Loans and Credits to Estonia, 1992 (in thousands of United States dollars)

Source	Amount	Designated Use

European Union	45,000	Balance of payments support
Neste (Finland)	20,600	Purchase of fuel
Japan	20,000	Purchase of specific goods
Sweden	10,500	Balance of payments support
United States	10,000	Purchase of grain (export credit)
Finland Export Fund	8,500	Export credit
Switzerland	4,200	Balance of payments support
Norway	3,150	-do-
Finland	2,100	-do-
Austria	1,300	-do-
Statoil (Sweden)	750	Purchase of fuel
Iceland	25	EBRD membership

Source: Based on information from Estonia, Ministry of Finance, as reported by Baltic News Service, November 24, 1993.

Table 12. Estonia: Structure of Industrial Production, 1990 and 1992 (in percentages)

Sector	1990	1992

Light industry	26.3	17.9
Food processing	24.5	30.4
Metals and machinery	17.0	8.5
Forestry, timber, pulp, and paper	9.2	9.0
Chemicals	7.7	9.1
Energy	7.1	14.0
Other	8.2	11.2
TOTAL	100.0	100.0

Source: Based on information from World Bank, Estonia: The Transition to a Market Economy, Washington, 1993, 314; and R. Ehrlich and L. Luup, eds., Invest in the Future: The Future Is Estonia, Tallinn, 1993, 18.

Table 13. Estonia: Livestock Products, 1990 and 1992

Product	1990	1992

Eggs (millions)	547.1	456.0
Meat (thousands of tons slaughter weight)
Beef	79.9	58.7
Lamb	3.0	2.2
Pork	114.5	60.2
Poultry	21.6	10.2
Other	0.3	0.3
Total meat	219.3	131.6
Milk (thousands of tons)	1,208.0	919.3
Wool (tons)	205.0	311.0

Source: Based on information from Estonia, Estonian State Statistics Board, 1993 Statistical Yearbook, Tallinn, 1993, 163-64.

Table 14. Estonia: Field Crop Production, 1990 and 1992

Crop	Area Sown		Total Production		Average Yield
	1990	1992	1990	1992	1990	1992

Cereals and legumes
Winter crops
Rye	65.9	59.2	177.9	153.4	27.0	25.9
Wheat	21.2	26.8	53.0	64.8	25.0	24.2
Total winter crops	87.1	86.0	230.9	218.2	26.5	25.4
Summer crops
Barley	263.7	268.2	599.9	300.8	22.7	11.2
Legumes	0.1	0.4	0.2	0.4	13.7	9.2
Mixed grains	8.0	10.5	20.7	10.8	25.9	10.3
Oats	33.4	41.7	93.4	43.7	28.0	10.5
Wheat	4.8	16.7	12.4	24.6	25.8	14.7
Total summer crops	310.0	337.5	726.6	380.3	23.4	11.3
Total cereals and legumes	397.1	423.5	957.5	598.5	24.1	14.1
Flax	2.0	0.9	0.4	0.2	2.0	2.0
Fodder roots	11.1	11.8	534.8	176.8	482.0	150.0
Potatoes	45.5	46.3	618.1	669.1	136.0	145.0
Vegetables	5.2	5.1	86.0	63.0	166.0	124.0

Source: Based on information from Estonia, Estonian State Statistics Board, 1993 Statistical Yearbook, Tallinn, 1993, 159-61.

Table 15. Latvia: Population by Ethnic Origin, Selected Years, 1935-89 (in thousands)

	1935		1959		1970		1979		1989
Ethnic Origin	Number	Percentage	Number	Percentage	Number	Percentage	Number	Percentage	Number	Percentage

Latvian	1,467.0	77.0	1,297.9	62.0	1,341.8	56.8	1,344.1	54.0	1,387.8	52.0
Russian	168.3	8.8	556.4	26.6	704.6	29.8	821.5	32.8	905.5	34.0
Jewish	93.4	4.9	36.6	1.7	36.7	1.6	28.3	1.1	22.9	0.9
German	62.1	3.3	1.6	0.1	5.4	0.2	3.3	0.1	3.8	0.1
Polish	48.6	2.6	59.8	2.9	63.0	2.7	62.7	2.5	60.4	2.3
Belorussian	26.8	1.4	61.6	2.9	94.7	4.0	111.5	4.5	119.7	4.5
Lithuanian	22.8	1.2	32.4	1.5	40.6	1.7	37.8	1.5	34.6	1.3
Estonian	6.9	0.4	4.6	0.2	4.3	0.2	3.7	0.1	3.3	0.1
Gypsy	3.8	0.2	4.3	0.2	5.4	0.2	6.1	0.2	7.0	0.3
Ukrainian	1.8	--	29.4	1.4	53.5	2.3	66.7	2.7	92.1	3.4
Tatar	--	0.0	1.8	0.1	2.7	0.1	3.8	0.2	4.8	0.2
TOTAL	1,901.5	100.0	2,086.4	100.0	2,352.7	100.0	2,489.5	100.0	2,641.9	100.0

Source: Based on information from Latvia, Valsts Statistikas Komiteja, Latvija Sodien, Riga, 1990, 13; Cina [Riga], June 23, 1971; and Latvia, 1989. Gada Vissavienibas Tautas Skaitisanas Rezultati Latvijas PSR, Riga, 1990, 10.

Table 16. Latvia: Ethnic Composition of Largest Cities and Riga City Districts under Latvia's Jurisdiction, 1989 Census (in percentages)

City or Riga City Section	Latvian	Russian	Belorussian	Ukrainian	Polish	Lithuanian	Other

Cities
Jelgava	49.7	34.7	6.0	3.9	1.7	1.2	2.8
Jurmala	44.2	42.1	4.9	3.4	1.5	0.9	3.0
Ventspils	43.0	39.4	5.8	6.4	1.0	0.7	3.7
Liepaja	38.8	43.1	4.9	7.5	1.1	2.3	2.3
Rezekne	37.3	55.0	2.0	1.6	2.7	0.2	1.2
Riga	36.5	47.3	4.8	4.8	1.8	0.8	4.0
Riga city districts
Kirova	47.8	38.7	2.6	2.9	1.7	0.6	5.7
Lenina	42.4	42.4	4.4	4.8	1.7	0.9	3.4
Proletariesu	39.9	44.6	4.2	4.5	1.7	0.7	4.4
Maskavas	33.4	50.0	5.0	4.4	2.1	0.9	4.2
Oktobra	32.0	49.1	6.4	6.4	1.8	0.7	3.6
Leningradas	31.9	51.6	5.2	5.3	1.7	0.7	3.6

Source: Based on information from Latvia, Valsts Statistikas Komiteja, Latvijas Skaitlos, 1989 (Latvia in Figures, 1989), Riga, 1990; and Latvia, 1989. Gada Vissavienibas Tautas Skaitisanas Rezultati Latvijas PSR, Riga, 1990, 46.

Table 17. Latvia: Population Distribution by Ethnic Origin and Age-Group, 1989 Census

Age-Group	Latvian	Russian	Belorussian	Ukrainian	Polish	Lithuanian	Jewish	Other	Total

0-4	114,179	75,050	5,064	5,527	2,294	1,412	933	3,210	207,669
5-9	100,920	71,078	4,885	4,617	2,223	1,237	972	2,541	188,473
10-14	94,778	64,026	4,661	4,702	2,279	1,390	951	2,156	174,943
15-19	99,387	62,415	6,525	6,078	3,133	2,182	896	3,725	184,341
20-24	91,970	62,260	9,193	9,176	3,611	2,426	824	4,777	184,237
25-29	98,821	74,474	11,846	10,210	4,466	2,857	1,181	5,089	208,944
30-34	89,396	76,755	11,526	9,753	4,095	2,657	1,564	4,522	200,268
35-39	78,871	73,195	10,427	8,683	4,382	2,491	1,717	3,713	183,479
40-44	76,125	55,149	7,879	6,359	4,663	2,417	1,948	2,442	156,982
45-49	100,994	49,677	9,633	6,203	5,092	3,110	1,187	2,431	178,327
50-54	89,899	55,652	10,171	6,183	4,553	2,948	1,727	2,326	173,459
55-59	88,081	50,207	8,899	3,859	4,623	2,658	1,608	1,838	161,773
60-64	76,548	51,311	7,007	4,236	3,708	2,103	2,063	1,696	148,672
65-69	54,521	33,750	4,131	3,086	2,892	1,492	1,889	1,185	102,946
70 and over	133,034	50,465	7,753	4,055	8,374	3,249	3,437	1,972	212,339
Average age	35	32	37	33	42	39	44	32	n.a.

Source: Based on information from unpublished 1989 Latvian census printouts. The totals by age category differ slightly from the final figures published in Latvia, 1989. Gada Vissavienibas Tautas Skaitisanas Rezultati Latvijas PSR, Riga, 1990, 10. Thus, one has to assume the printout reflects preliminary data. The figures for the total population differ by only 31.

Table 18. Latvia: Births, Deaths, and Natural Increase by Ethnic Origin, Selected Years, 1980-91

Year	Latvian	Russian	Belorussian	Ukrainian	Polish	Lithuanian	Jewish	Other	Total

1980
Births	17,918	11,839	2,225	1,197	850	662	213	630	35,534
Deaths	20,107	7,978	1,202	472	1,046	515	453	327	32,100
Natural increase	-2,189	3,861	1,023	725	-196	147	-240	303	3,434
1985
Births	20,354	12,840	2,367	1,580	972	677	206	755	39,751
Deaths	20,537	9,023	1,451	618	1,057	569	461	450	34,166
Natural increase	-183	3,817	916	962	-85	108	-255	305	5,585
1986
Births	21,613	13,317	2,419	1,799	990	748	222	852	41,960
Deaths	18,682	8,340	1,331	642	1,002	559	422	350	31,328
Natural increase	2,931	4,977	1,088	1,157	-12	189	-200	502	10,632
1987
Births	21,617	13,396	2,471	1,808	1,002	745	189	907	42,135
Deaths	19,448	8,397	1,313	651	988	530	454	369	32,150
Natural increase	2,169	4,999	1,158	1,157	14	215	-265	538	9,985
1988
Births	21,354	13,012	2,410	1,825	911	643	187	933	41,275
Deaths	18,962	9,018	1,412	683	1,042	544	385	375	32,421
Natural increase	2,392	3,994	998	1,142	-131	99	-198	558	8,854



1989
Births	20,964	11,698	2,037	1,679	907	635	132	870	38,922
Deaths	18,784	9,239	1,425	760	1,008	554	454	360	32,584
Natural increase	2,180	2,459	612	919	-101	81	-322	510	6,338
1990
Births	21,438	10,910	1,840	1,443	827	601	108	751	37,918
Deaths	19,892	10,033	1,564	756	1,111	587	440	429	34,812
Natural increase	1,546	877	276	687	-284	14	-332	322	3,106
1991
Births	20,107	9,716	1,537	1,254	736	583	73	627	34,633
Deaths	19,797	10,261	1,583	762	971	567	404	404	34,749
Natural increase	310	-545	-46	492	-235	16	-331	223	-116

Source: Based on information from Latvia, Statistikas Komiteja and Latvijas Zinatnu Akademijas Filozofijas un Sociologijas Instituts, Etnosituacija Latvija, Riga, 1992, 8.

Table 19. Latvia: Transborder Migration, 1961-89 (in thousands)

	Came to Latvia		Left Latvia		Net Migration
Period	Total	Average per Year	Total	Average per Year	Total	Average per Year

1961-65	238.1	47.6	159.1	31.8	79.0	15.8
1966-70	233.2	46.6	166.4	33.3	66.8	13.4
1971-75	292.3	58.5	232.0	46.4	60.3	12.1
1976-80	245.8	49.2	203.9	40.8	41.9	8.4
1981-85	255.6	51.1	213.5	42.7	42.1	8.4
1986-89	201.7	50.4	160.8	40.2	40.9	10.2
1986	54.5	n.a.	43.3	n.a.	11.2	n.a.
1987	56.9	n.a.	40.7	n.a.	16.2	n.a.
1988	52.3	n.a.	41.1	n.a.	11.2	n.a.
1989	38.0	n.a.	35.7	n.a.	2.3	n.a.
1961-89	1,668.4		1,296.5		371.9

Source: Based on information from Latvia, Valsts Statistikas Komiteja, Latvija Skaitlos, 1989 (Latvia in Figures, 1989), Riga, 1990, 35; and Latvia, Valsts Statistikas Komiteja, Latvijas PSR Tautas Saimnieciba 1970, Riga, 1971, 17-18.

Table 20. Latvia: Ethnic Minorities by Place of Birth, 1989 (in percentages)

Ethnic Minority	Latvia	Russia	Belorussia	Ukraine	Lithuania

Polish	65.8	3.1	22.3	--	--
Jewish	53.3	12.3	9.9	19.7	--
Russian	54.8	36.2	2.2	2.4	--
Lithuanian	36.3	2.2	0.6	--	60.0
Belorussian	31.3	3.6	62.2	1.1	--
Ukrainian	19.4	8.5	1.6	65.7	--

Source: Based on information from Latvia, Valsts Statistikas Komiteja, Riga, May 24, 1991, unpublished document.

Table 21. Latvia: Religious Baptisms, Weddings, and Funerals by Religious Denomination, 1991

	Baptisms		Weddings		Funerals
Religious Denomination	Number	Percentage	Number	Percentage	Number	Percentage

Evangelical Lutheran	10,666	35.1	1,549	32.3	1,439	15.2
Roman Catholic	10,661	35.0	2,651	55.3	4,995	52.8
Orthodox	6,315	20.8	468	9.8	1,937	20.5
Old Believer	1,273	4.2	33	0.7	730	7.7
Pentecostal	662	2.2	37	0.8	25	0.3
Baptist	462	1.5	20	0.4	130	1.4
Seventh-Day Adventist	388	1.3	5	0.1	69	0.7
Jewish	n.a.	n.a	35	0.7	137	1.4
TOTAL	30,427	100.0	4,798	100.0	9,462	100.0

Source: Based on information from Kristus Dzive [Riga], No. 5, 1992, 37.

Table 22. Latvia: Knowledge of Latvian Language among Persons of Russian Ethnic Origin by Age-Group, 1979 Census

Age-Group	Total in Age-Group	Latvian as First Language	Latvian as Second Language	Percentage Latvian Speakers

0-6	89,347	668	1,702	2.7
7-10	46,562	455	4,008	9.6
11-15	54,650	471	9,614	18.5
16-19	55,842	402	11,167	20.7
20-24	76,650	575	16,423	22.3
25-29	75,777	859	18,787	25.9
30-34	58,527	732	16,973	30.3
35-39	53,058	830	13,905	27.8
40-44	60,789	722	14,458	25.0
45-49	55,547	584	11,930	22.5
50-54	58,446	482	12,449	22.1
55-59	41,475	384	8,931	22.5
60-64	29,289	239	5,828	20.7
65-69	26,266	284	5,049	20.3
70 and over	39,128	300	5,504	14.8
Not known	111	2	15	n.a.
TOTAL	821,464	7,989	156,743	20.1

Source: Based on information from ethnic Latvian data in Latvia, Itogi vsesoyuznoy perepisi naseleniya 1979 goda po Latviyskoy SSR, Riga, 1982, 90. Ethnic Russian data presented by Peteris Zvidrins at Association for the Advancement of Baltic Studies Conference in Seattle, June 1990.

Table 23. Latvia: Knowledge of Russian Language among Persons of Latvian Ethnic Origin by Age-Group, 1979 Census

Age-Group	Total in Age-Group	Russian as First Language	Russian as Second Language	Percentage Russian Speakers

0-6	130,922	4,490	6,483	8.4
7-10	77,718	2,764	19,266	28.3
11-15	92,894	3,331	51,425	58.9
16-19	79,086	2,795	63,611	84.0
20-24	88,444	2,534	76,347	89.2
25-29	78,861	1,807	67,775	88.2
30-34	77,813	1,494	65,585	86.2
35-39	104,644	1,717	86,653	84.4
40-44	95,523	1,803	75,434	80.9
45-49	95,441	1,429	68,725	73.5
50-54	85,326	1,385	53,385	64.2
55-59	64,448	957	34,012	54.3
60 and over	272,773	2,414	114,830	43.0
Not known	212	2	76	n.a.
TOTAL	1,344,105	28,922	783,607	60.5

Source: Based on information from ethnic Latvian data in Latvia, Itogi vsesoyuznoy perepisi naseleniya 1979 goda po Latviyskoy SSR, Riga, 1982, 90. Ethnic Russian data presented by Peteris Zvidrins at Association for the Advancement of Baltic Studies Conference in Seattle, June 1990.

Table 24. Latvia: Distribution of Labor Force by Sector, 1990 (in percentages)

Sector	Labor Force

Agriculture, forestry, and fishing	15.5
Industry	30.3
Transportation and communications	7.3
Construction	10.3
Trade	9.1
Credit and insurance	0.5
Service and other branches	27.0
TOTAL	100.0

Source: Based on information from United States, National Technical Information Service, Latvia: An Economic Profile, Washington, August 1992, 5.

Table 25. Latvia: Agricultural Production on Private Farms, Selected Years, 1989-93

Product	1989	1991	1992	1993

Cattle	15.1	62.5	141.2	144.5
Pigs1	7.0	43.0	85.4	97.4
Sheep1	6.4	27.6	52.9	41.3
Cereals and pulses	10.8	89.7	206.3	432.7
Potatoes2	14.4	77.8	232.3	361.7
Milk	9.5	73.5	177.9	282.2
Meat3	2.2	14.1	23.5	45.1

Source: Based on information from International Monetary Fund, Economic Review: Latvia, Washington, 1994, 73.

Table 26. Latvia: Growth of Private Farms, Selected Years, 1989-93

	1989	1991	1992	1993

Number of private farms	3,931	17,538	52,279	57,510
Total area	65.6	186.2	872.9	1,108.4
Total sown area1	12.8	89.3	303.2	414.8

Source: Based on information from International Monetary Fund, Economic Review: Latvia, Washington, 1994, 73.

Table 27. Lithuania: Production of Selected Industrial Products, 1989

Product	Quantity

Energy
Electric power (billions of kilowatt-hours)	29
Chemicals
Mineral fertilizers (thousands of tons)	632
Sulfuric acid (thousands of tons)	512
Linoleum (thousands of square meters)	1,624
Machine building, metals, and electronics (thousands)
Electric motors	7,659
Metal-cutting lathes	13
Electric meters	3,612
Television sets	615
Tape recorders	186
Refrigerators	350
Bicycles	423
Construction materials
Bricks (millions)	1,121
Window glass (thousands of square meters)	4,172
Food processing
Meat (industrial production) (thousands of tons)	447
Butter (thousands of tons)	78
Cheese (thousands of tons)	27
Confectionery goods (thousands of tons)	91
Fish and marine products (tons)	41
Textiles and soft goods
Textiles (millions of square meters)	218
Shoes (millions of pairs)	12
Knitwear (millions of units)	18

Source: Based on information from The Baltic States: A Reference Book, Tallinn, 1991.

Table 28. Lithuania: Foreign Trade by Country, January-June 1994 (in percentages)

Country	Exports	Imports

Russia	30	41
Germany	10	14
Belarus	7	3
Ukraine	7	6
Latvia	7	2
Poland	4	4

Source: Based on information from Lithuania, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Department of Economic Relations, 1995.

Table 29. Lithuania: Exports by Selected Product and by Major Trading Partner, 1992 and 1993 (in thousands of United States dollars)

	Germany		France1		Italy1		Total
Product	1992	1993	1992	1993	1992	1993	1992

Food	11,764	26,930	648	1,478	1,733	1,169	164,025
Chemicals	16,418	22,002	7,335	12,836	301	640	74,711
Machinery	1,615	11,440	356	278	909	511	197,006
Clothing	8,804	35,528	1,243	4,350	133	214	55,804
Petroleum and petroleum products	13,088	3,091	7,489	29,507	0	9	25,213
Other	157,902	94,267	10,975	17,520	11,267	21,897	288,255
TOTAL	209,591	193,258	28,046	65,969	14,343	24,440	805,014

Source: Based on information from Economist Intelligence Unit, Country Report: Baltic Republics: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania [London], No. 1, 1995, 47.

Table 30. Lithuania: Imports by Selected Product and by Major Trading Partner, 1992 and 1993 (in thousands of United States dollars)

	Germany		United States1		France1		Total
Product	1992	1993	1992	1993	1992	1993	1992

Food	63,111	44,069	25,089	17,818	18,739	53,198	80,472
Chemicals	12,387	22,684	98	424	3,274	3,418	70,842
Machinery	51,033	116,272	4,679	14,652	798	3,354	119,382
Clothing and footwear	4,481	12,263	1,599	252	321	993	9,486
Scientific instruments	3,080	5,050	758	1,844	49	1,107	n.a.
Other	33,173	102,213	11,887	21,501	2,383	7,932	525,594
TOTAL	167,265	302,551	44,110	56,491	25,564	70,002	805,776

Source: Based on information from Economist Intelligence Unit, Country Report: Baltic Republics: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania [London], No. 1, 1995, 47.

Table 31. Lithuania: Foreign Investment by Country, September 1994

Country	Percentage

Britain	25
Germany	16
United States	12
Russia	7
Poland	6
Austria	6
Other	28
TOTAL	100

Source: Based on information from Lithuania, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Department of Economic Relations, 1995.

1. --means negligible.

2. Kohtla-Järve became a city after World War II.

3. --not applicable.

4. Natural population growth means number of births minus number of deaths.

5. In millions of 1990 Russian rubles.

6. In thousands.

7. Figures may not add to totals because of rounding.

8. n.a.--not available.

9. In millions of kroons (for value of the kroon--see Glossary).

10. Yugoslavia disintegrated in 1991. Two successor republics, Serbia and Montenegro, have asserted the formation of a joint independent state, which they call Yugoslavia, but the United States has not formally recognized this entity as a state.

11. Figures may not add to totals because of rounding.

12. EBRD--European Bank for Reconstruction and Development.

13. Figures may not add to totals because of rounding.

14. In thousands of hectares.

15. In thousands of tons.

16. In quintals per hectare.

17. --means negligible.

18. Figures may not add to totals because of rounding.

19. n.a.--not available.

20. Between 1951 and 1955, the total net flow of migrants was only 16,900 (an average of 3,400 per year). Between 1956 and 1960, it increased to 58,000 (an average of 11,600 per year). The latter period, however, included thousands of returning deportees.