Appendix A. Tables

Table 1. Metric Conversion Coofficients and Factors


When you kow	Multiply by	To find
Millimeters	0.04	inches
Centimeters	0.39	inches
Meters	3.3	feet
Kilometers	0.62	miles
Hectares	2.47	acres
Square kilometers	0.39	square miles
Cubic meters	35.3	cubic feet
Liters	0.26	gallons
Kilograms	2.2	pounds
Metric tons	0.98	long tons
	1.1	short tons
	2,204	pounds
Degrees Celsius (Centigrade)	1.8 and add 32	degrees Fahrenheit

Table 2. Enrollment by Education Level and Sex, 1985-86

Level	Male	Female	Total
Primary	3,397,779	2,605,071	6,002,850
Intermediate	1,274,137	860,870	2,135,007
Secondary
General	355,454	213,912	569,366
Technical	526,283	351,116	877,399
Total secondary	881,737	565,028	1,446,765
Teacher training	34,113	50,474	84,587
University	445,963	215,384	661,347

Source: Based on information from The Middle East and North Africa, 1989, London, 1989, 395.

Table 3. Gross Domestic Product by Sector, Selected Years, 1952-87

**(in percentages)**
Sector	1952	1968	1975	198 0	1983	1985	1987
Agriculture	33¹	29¹	27	18	16	15	15
Industry	13¹	23¹	30	37	34	35	34
Services	53¹	50¹	43	45	50	50	51
TOTAL²	100	100	100	100	100	100	100
Value³	983¹	1,813¹	9,508	15,740	19,629	22,253	23,424

¹ At 1959-60 current market prices; all other years are 1980 prices at factor cost.
² Figures may not add to total because of rounding.
³ In millions of Egyptian pounds (for value of the Egyptian pound--see Glossary).

Sources: Based on information from Bent Hansen and Karim Nashashibi, Foreign Trade Regimes and Economic Development, New York, 1975, 12-13; and World Bank, World Tables, 1988-89, Baltimore, 1989, 236-39.

Table 4. Government Budgets, Selected Years, 1979-88

**(in millions of Egyptian pounds)¹**
	1979	1983	1985	1988
Revenues
Central government
Taxes
Imports	904	1,920	1,700	3,200
Consumption	568	1,302	1,600	3,174
Business profit	659	1,506	2,300
Personal income	55	129	150	5,972²
Property	29	14	12
Other	213	492	750
Total taxes	2,428	5,363	6,5121	2,346
Profits
Petroleum company	631	1,066	950	781
Suez Canal	148	285	280	306
Other	222	n.a.	n.a.	2,688
Total profits	1,001	n.a.	n.a.	3,775
Local government and other public authorities	386	550	703	1,150
Self-financing investments	350	1,628	1,731	4,243
Total revenues	4,165	10,371	11,9922	1,514
Expenditures
Wages	2,375	2,620	3,440	5,515
Subsidies	1,370	2,875	2,766	1,813
Deficit of public enterprises	229	193	300	n.a.
Interest (domestic)	n.a.	1,111	1,700	2,366
Armed forces	642	1,982	1,769	2,469
Other	n.a.	2,504	3,485	n.a.
Gross public investment	2,587	5,518	6,358	7,780
Total expenditures	n.a.	16,803	19,8182	8,733
Gross deficit (-)	2,168	6,432	7,826	7,219
Expenditures as percentage of GDP³	50	70	60	49
Revenues as percentage of GDP	33	33	36	37
Gross deficit as percentage of GDP	17	27	24	12

n.a.--not available.
¹ For value of the Egyptian pound--see Glossary.
² Aggregate figure for four categories.
³ GDP--gross domestic product.

Table 5. Monetary Survey, Selected Years, 1980-88

**(in millions of Egyptian pounds)¹**
	1980	1984	1986	1988
Deposits
Time savings and foreign currency deposits	3,589	10,884	21,127	33,969
Other²	4,112	7,924	11,511	16,082
Total deposits	7,701	18,808	32,638	50,051
Domestic credit
Central government	8,248	14,733	19,484	28,186
Public sector	3,310	7,479	10,175	13,651
Private sector	2,174	8,284	12,888	17,330
Other³	333	1,057	2,200	19,485
Total domestic credit	14,065	31,553	44,747	78,652
Money supply⁴
Foreign currency	2,367	6,529	11,493	21,608
Other	7,997	19,400	25,609	32,941
Total money supply	10,364	25,929	37,102	54,549
Consumer price index	100	172	239	336

¹ For value of the Egyptian pound--see Glossary.
² Includes government, demand, and import deposits.
³ Includes institutions similar to banks.
⁴ Includes combined currency in circulation, private demand deposits, time deposits (including foreign currency), and post office saving deposits.

Source: Based on information from International Monetary Fund, Financial Statistics, Washington, 1987, 318-20; and International Monetary Fund, Financial Statistics, Washington, 1989, 308-10.

Table 6. Employment Distribution by Sector, Selected Years, 1966-86

**(in thousands)**
Sector	1966¹	1976¹	1983	1986¹
Agriculture²	4,447	4,224	4,385	4,542
Industry³	1,140	1,257	1,696	1,954
Trade	559	1,016	1,188	1,187
Construction	206	434	724	336
Transportation and communications	340	422	464	581
Other services	1,602	2,276	4,012	3,818
TOTAL	8,294	9,629	12,469	12,418

¹ Census year.
² Includes fishing.
³ Includes mining, manufacturing, and electricity.

Source: Based on information from United States, Department of Commerce, International Trade Administration, Marketing in Egypt, Washington, December 1981, 6; Khalid Ikram, et al., Egypt: Economic Management in a Period of Transition, Baltimore, 1980, 134-35; and National Bank of Egypt, Economic Bulletin, 40, Nos. 1-2, 1987.

Table 7. Cropped Area, Selected Years, 1952- 87

**(in thousands of *feddans*)¹**
Cropped Area	1952	1974	1980	1987
Winter crops²	4,364	4,980	4,926	5,098
Summer crops³	3,026	5,101	5,045	4,842
Fall crops⁴	1,824	667	803	854
Fruit orchards	94	273	361	616
TOTAL	9,308	11,021	11,135	11,410

¹See Glossary.
²Main crops include wheat, beans, barley, onions, and clover (for fodder).
³Main crops include cotton, rice, millet, and sugarcane.
⁴Main crop is corn.

Table 8. Major Crop Production, Selected Years, 1974-87

	1974		1980		1987
Crop	Area¹	Output²	Area	Output	Area	Output
Clover	2,797	49	2,711	54	2,714	55
Cotton	1,453	1,204	1,245	1,408	980	978
Corn	1,387	2,640	1,905	3,231	1,811	3,367
Wheat	1,370	1,884	1,326	1,736	1,373	2,721
Rice	1,051	2,244	972	2,382	983	2,279
Vegetables	895	6,520	1,027	8,013	1,024	9,964
Fruits	320	2,068	437	3,757	616	3,666

¹ In thousands of feddans (see Glossary).
² In tons.

Table 9. Planned Public and Private Investment, FY 1987-91 Five-Year Plan

**(in millions of Egyptian pounds)¹**
Investment	Public	Private	Total
Industry and mining	5,791	6,400	12,191
Housing	167	6,600	6,767
Transportation and communications	4,703	1,400	6,103
Electricity	4,761	0	4,761
Other public utilities	4,017	0	4,017
Agriculture	852	2,650	3,502
Health and education	2,427	85	2,512
Irrigation and drainage	1,435	0	1,435
Petroleum products	1,115	0	1,115
Other	3,233	865	4,098
TOTAL²	28,500	18,000	46,500

¹ For value of the Egyptian pound--see Glossary.
² Figures may not add to total because of rounding.

Source: Based on information from Egypt's Second Five-Year Plan for Socio-Economic Development (1987/88-1991/92), with Plan for Year One (1987/88), Cairo, 1987, 165.

Table 10. Value of Foreign Trade, Selected Years, 1979-88

**(in millions of United States dollars)**
	1979	1983	1985	1988
Exports (f.o.b.)¹
Cotton	348	314	414	310
Other agriculture	198	159	140	123
Oil (domestic companies)	1,880	2,807	2,891	1,553
Oil (foreign companies)	948	1,357	1,890	1,501
Textiles	267	199	294	455
Other manufacturing	351	411	447	803
Total exports	3,992	5,247	6,076	4,745
Imports (c.i.f.)²
Food and other agriculture	1,677	2,393	2,711	1,734
Oil and other energy	243	493	469	208
Other consumer goods	845	1,218	1,875	1,997
Intermediate goods	1,725	2,322	3,064	3,693
Capital goods	2,315	3,193	3,475	3,007
Total imports	6,805	9,6191	1,594	10,639
Trade deficit	-2,813	-4,372	-5,518	-5,894
Terms of trade³
Export price index	67	95	76	71
Import price index	91	94	90	110
Terms of trade³	74	102	84	65

¹ f.o.b.--free on board.
² c.i.f.--cost, insurance, and freight.
³ Terms of trade means export price index divided by import price index. Index used is 1980 = 100.

Table 11. Value of Balance of Payments, Selected Years, 1979-88

**(in millions of United States dollars)**
	1979	1985	1988
Current account
Exports of goods and nonfactor services
Tourism	602	409¹	1,170²
Suez Canal	589	897	1,323²
Other	4,210	7,405	6,066
Total	5,401	8,711	8,559
Imports of goods and nonfactor services
Foreign oil companies	-531	-814	n.a.
Other	-8,250	- 12,870	n.a.
Total	-8,781	- 13,684	-12,491
Trade balance	-3,380	-4,973	-3,932
Net factor income
Interest³	-428	-2,437	-1,229
Other	n.a.	- 847	-766
Total	n.a.	- 3,284	-1,995
Net current transfers
Workers' remittances	2,445	3,496	3,386
Other	n.a.	26	22
Total	n.a.	3,522	3,408
Current account balance⁴	- 1,915	-4,735	- 2,519
Trade balance as percentage of GDP⁵	-19.8	-14.3	- 10.4
Current account balance as percentage of GDP⁴	-11.2	- 13.6	-6.6
Capital account
Long-term capital inflows
Direct investment	1,375	1,289	993
Official capital grants	n.a.	1,171	980
Net long-term loans⁶	n.a.	-133	1,813
Other net long-term inflows	- 20	0	1
Total	2,527	2,327	3,787
Total other net items
Net short-term capital	n.a.	-5	203
Errors and omissions	n.a.	1,555	-1,070
Other	n.a.	0	-1
Total	n.a.	1,550	-868
Change in reserves⁷	- 37	-858	-400

n.a.--not available.
¹ Income from EgyptAir moved from this item to nonfactor services.
² Projected.
³ Includes interest on arrears and estimates of interest on military as well as short-term debt.
⁴ Current account balance consists of total of trade balance, net factor income, and net current transfers.
⁵ GDP--gross domestic product.
⁶ Includes arrears on Western military debt.
⁷ Change in reserves consists of total of current account balance, long-term capital inflows, and total other net items.

Table 12. External Debt, Selected Years, 1982-88¹

**(in millions of United States dollars)**
	1982-83	1984-85	1986- 87	1988²
Civilian debt
Medium- and long-term	18,230	20,841	26,527	29,921
Short-term	4,857	5,196	4,737	4,737
Interest arrears	670	1,060	964	537
Total	23,757	27,097	32,228	35,195
By creditor
Official	17,135	19,510	24,950	28,155
Private	6,622	7,587	7,278	7,040
Total	23,757	27,097	32,228	35,195
By borrower
Public sector	18,430	21,180	26,641	35,195
Private sector	527	650	984	n.a.
Domestic banks	4,800	5,267	4,603	n.a.
Total	23,757	27,097	32,228	n.a.
As percentage of GDP³	88	87	101	109
As percentage of exports of goods and services	312	357	471	438
Military debt	4,675	6,975	9,750	10,800
TOTAL	28,432	34,072	41,978	45,995

n.a.--not available.
¹Figures are annual averages for periods indicated.
²Projected.
³GDP--gross domestic product.

Source: Based on information from Institute of International Finance, Egypt: Country Report, 88, No. 2, Washington, August 15, 1988, 3.

Table 13. Major Army Equipment, 1989

Type and Description	Country of Origin	Inventory
Tanks
M60A3	United States	785
T-54/-55	Soviet Union	1,040
T-62	-do-	600
PT-76 (light)	-do-	15
Armored vehicles
BRDM-2, scout car	-do-	300
BMP-1, infantry combat	-do-	220
BMR-600P, wheeled, various configurations	Spain	250
Armored personnel carriers
Walid, four-wheeled	West Germany, Egypt	1,000
Fahd, four-wheeled	-do-	200
BTR-50/OT-62	Soviet Union	1,075
M-113A2	United States	1,000
Towed artillery
M-31/-37, 122mm	Soviet Union	48
M-1938, 122mm	-do-	400
D-30, 122mm	Egypt	220
M-46, 130mm	Soviet Union	440
M-1937, 152mm	-do-	12
Multiple rocket launchers
VAP-80-12, 80mm	Soviet Union
BM-21/Saqr 18, 122mm	Soviet Union, Egypt	about 300
M-51 on Praga truck chassis	Czechoslovakia
BM-13-16, 132mm	Soviet Union
BM-14-16, 140mm	-do-
BM-24, 240mm	-do-
Surface-to-surface missile launchers
FROG-7, 60 km range	Soviet Union	12
Scud-B, 300 km range	-do-	9
Saqr D-3000, 80 km range	Egypt	n.a.
Saqr D-6000, 122mm	-do-	n.a.
Mortars
M-43, 120mm	Soviet Union	450
M-43, 160mm	-do-	100
M-1953, 240mm	-do-	24
Antitank guided missile launchers
AT-1 Snapper	-do-	800
AT-2 Swatter	-do-	200
AT-3 Sagger	-do-	1,400
Milan	France	220
Swingfire	Britain, Egypt	200
I-TOW	United States	520
Recoilless rifles
B-11, 107mm	Soviet Union	n.a.
Air defense guns
ZPU-2/-4, 14.5mm	-do-	n.a.
ZU-23-2, 23mm	-do-	460
ZSU-23-4, 23mm, self-propelled	-do-	110
Nile, 23mm	Egypt	45
M-1939, 37mm	Soviet Union	150
S-60, 57mm	-do-	300
ZSU-57-2, 57mm, self-propelled	-do-	40
Surface-to-air missile launchers
SA-7/Ayn as Saqr/SA-9, shoulder-fired	Soviet Union, Egypt	1,200
M-54 Chaparral, self-propelled	United States	22

n.a.--not available.

Source: Based on information from The Military Balance, 1989- 1990, London, 1989, 98; DMS Market Intelligence Reports, DMS Foreign Military Markets--Middle East/Africa, Greenwich, Connecticut, 1989; and Military Technology and Economics (Miltech), Bonn, January 1989, 1985.

Table 14. Major Air Force Equipment, 1989


Type and Description	Country of Origin	Inventory
Fighter-ground attack aircraft
Mirage 5E2	France	16
F-4E Phantom	United States	33
Shenyang J-6 (MiG-19)	China, Egypt	76
Alpha Jet	France, West Germany	15
MiG-17 Fresco	Soviet Union	30
Fighter-interceptor aircraft
MiG-21 Fishbed	-do-	83
Shenyang J-7 (MiG-21F)	China, Egypt	52
F-16A/C Fighting Falcon	United States	67
Mirage 5E	France	54
Mirage 2000C	-do-	16
Reconnaissance aircraft
Mirage 5 SDR	-do-	6
MiG-21 Fishbed	Soviet Union	14
Bombers
Tu-16 Badger	-do-	9
Electronic warfare
EC-130H Hercules	United States	2
Beech 1900	-do-	2
Airborne early warning
E-2C Hawkeye	-do-	5
Transport aircraft
C-130H Hercules	-do-	19
An-12 Cub	Soviet Union	5
DHC-5D Buffalo	Canada	5
Training aircraft
Shenyang J-6 (MiG-19)	China, Egypt	16
Alpha Jet	France, West Germany	29
L-29 Delfin (being replaced)	Czechoslovakia	20
Gumhuriya	Egypt, West Germany	36
EMB-312 Tucano	Brazil, Egypt	40
Mirage 5 SDD	France	5
Mirage 2000B	-do-	3
F-16B D Fighting Falcon	United States	13
DHC-5 Buffalo	Canada	4
Attack helicopters
Gazelle	France, Egypt	72
Transport helicopters
CH-47C Chinook, heavy	Italy	15
Mi-6, heavy	Soviet Union	6
Mi-8, heavy	-do-	27
Mk-1, Commando, medium	Britain	23
Hiller UH-12E, light (training)	United States	17
Mi-4, light	Soviet Union	12
Naval helicopters
Sea King, antisubmarine	Britain	5
Gazelle, antiship	France, Egypt	12

Source: Based on information from The Military Balance, 1989- 1990, London, 1989, 99; and Aviation Advisory Services, International Air Forces and Military Aircraft Directory, Essex, United Kingdom, 1989, 33-37.

Table 15. Major Navy Equipment, 1989

Type and Description	Country of Origin	Inventory	Commissioned or Delivered
Destroyers
A1 Fatah, British Z class, 1,730 tons (training)	Britain	1	Transferred 1955; modernized 1964.
Frigates
Descubierta class, 1,480 tons, Harpoon surface-to-surface missiles (SSMs)	Spain	2	Commissioned 1984.
Jianghu class, 2,000 tons, HY-2 Silkworm SSMs	China	2	Commissioned 1984-85.
Black Swan class, 1,925 tons (training)	Britain	1	Transferred 1949.
Submarines
Romeo class, 1,400 tons (four being modernized with Harpoon SSMs and Mk 37 torpedoes)	Soviet Union, China	10	Transferred 1966-69 and 1982-84.
Whiskey class, 1,080 tons (being retired)	Soviet Union	2	Transferred 1957 and 1962.
Fast-attack craft, missile
Ramadan class, 307 tons, Otomat SSMs	Britain	6	Commissioned 1981-82.
Osa-I class, 210 tons, SS-N-2A Styx SSMs	Soviet Union	7	Delivered 1966-68.
October class, 82 tons, Otomat SSMs	Egypt	6	Refitted 1978-81 in Britain.
Hegu class, 80 tons, Chinese version of Styx missile	China	6	Delivered 1984.
Fast-attack craft, torpedo
Shershen class, 170 tons	Soviet Union	6	Delivered 1967-68.
Shanghai II class, 155 tons	China	4	Transferred 1984.
Hainan class, 392 tons	-do-	8	Transferred 1983-84.
Landing ships, multipurpose
Polnochny A class, 800 tons	Soviet Union	3	n.a.
Vydra class, 600 tons	-do-	9	n.a.
SMB-1 class, 360 tons	-do-	2	n.a.
Minesweepers
T-43 class, 580 tons	-do-	3	Transferred 1970.
Yurka class, 520 tons	-do-	4	Transferred 1969.
T-301, 180 tons (inshore)	-do-	2	Transferred 1962.
Coast Guard
Large patrol craft	Various	32	n.a.
Bertram coastal patrol craft	United States	20	n.a.

Source: Based on information from Jane's Fighting Ships, 1989-90, Alexandria, Virginia, 1989, 148-55.

Table 16. Major Air Defense Force Equipment, 1989

Type and Description	Country of Origin	Inventory
Antiaircraft guns
20mm, 23mm 37mm, 40mm, 57mm, 85mm, and 100mm	Various	2,500
Surface-to-air missile (SAM) launchers
SA-2	Soviet Union	400
SA-3	-do-	240
SA-6	-do-	60
Improved Hawk	United States	108
Crotale	France	50
Air defense systems
Amun (Skyguard)--Sparrow and Ayn as Saqr SAMs with 35mm radar-guided guns	Italy, United States, Egypt	18

Source: Based on information from The Military Balance, 1989- 1990, London, 1989, 99.

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Comments: lcweb@loc.gov(02/06/97)