Appendix A. Tables

Table 1. Metric Conversion Coofficients and Factors


When you kow	Multiply by	To find
Millimeters	0.04	inches
Centimeters	0.39	inches
Meters	3.3	feet
Kilometers	0.62	miles
Hectares	2.47	acres
Square kilometers	0.39	square miles
Cubic meters	35.3	cubic feet
Liters	0.26	gallons
Kilograms	2.2	pounds
Metric tons	0.98	long tons
	1.1	short tons
	2,204	pounds
Degrees Celsius (Centigrade)	1.8 and add 32	degrees Fahrenheit

Table 2. Sources of Jewish Population Growth, 1948-86

**(in thousands)**
	1948-60	1961-71	1972- 82	1983-86
Population at beginning of period	649.6	1,911.2	2,662.0	3,363.8
Natural increase	392.3	412.9	523.3	198.4
Immigration	869.3	337.9	178.5	13.4
Total population growth	1,261.6	750.8	701.8	211.8
Annual percentage increase	9.6	3.0	2.1	1.5
Immigration as percentage	68.9	45.0	25.1	6.3

Source: Based on information from Israel, Central Bureau of Statistics, Statistical Abstract of Israel, 1987, No. 38, Jerusalem, 1987, 31.

Table 3. Students in Education Institutions, Selected Years, 1948-87

	1948-49	1969-70	1986-87
Hebrew education
Kindergarten	25,406	107,668	260,500
Primary schools	91,133	375,534	468,545
Schools for handicapped	n.a.	18,820	12,071
Total primary education	91,133	394,354	480,616
Intermediate schools	n.a.	7,908	109,365
General academic	7,168	63,731	86,813
Continuation	1,048	8,508	8,303
Vocational	2,002	49,556	91,720
Agricultural	n.a.	7,641	4,683
Total secondary schools	10,218	129,436	191,519
Teacher colleges	713	4,994	11,006
Other post-secondary education	583	6,900	20,073
Universities	1,635	36,239	67,160
Other institutions	n.a.	26,300	40,500
TOTAL	129,688	713,799	1,180,739
Arab education
Kindergarten	1,124	14,211	20,100
Primary schools	9,991	85,094	139,515
School for handicapped	n.a.	355	1,262
Total primary education	9,991	85,449	140,777
Intermediate schools	n.a.	2,457	23,393
General academic	14	6,198	29,469
Vocational	n.a.	1,462	5,696
Agricultural	n.a.	390	640
Total secondary schools	14	8,050	35,805
Teacher colleges	n.a.	370	451
Other post-secondary education	n.a.	--	131
TOTAL	11,129	110,537	220,657

--means negligible.
n.a.--not available.

Source: Based on information from Israel, Central Bureau of Statistics, Statistical Abstract of Israel, 1987, No. 38, Jerusalem, 1987, 582-83.

Table 4. Hospital Beds and Hospitals, 1986

	Hospitals	Beds
Type
General care	44	11,927
Mental diseases	29	7,672
Chronic diseases	75	7,285
Rehabilitation	2	495
Tuberculosis	0	20
TOTAL	150	27,399
Ownership
Government	29	9,649
Municipality	2	1,329
Kupat Holim (Histadrut Sick Fund)	14	5,006
Hadassah	1	869
Missions	7	636
Other nonprofit	37	3,574
Private hospitals	60	6,336
TOTAL	150	27,399

Source: Based on information from Israel, Central Bureau of Statistics, Statistical Abstract of Israel, 1987, No. 38, Jerusalem, 1987, 653-54.

Table 5. Government Revenues, Fiscal Years (FY) 1983-86

(Value in new Israeli shekels)*
	FY 1983		FY 1984		FY 1985	FY 1986
Revenue	Value	Percentages	Value	Percentages	Value	Percentages	Value	Percentages
Ordinary
Income tax	732.0	16.0	3,581.7	17.7	3,577.9	23.2	7,454.7	25.8
Value added tax	380.7	8.3	1,655.2	8.2	1,650.2	10.7	3,958.5	13.7
Customs	114.2	2.5	532.5	2.6	401.0	2.6	780.1	2.7
Purchase tax	120.1	2.6	519.3	2.6	524.3	3.4	1,126.9	3.9
Excise	13.8	0.3	66.1	0.3	61.7	0.4	144.5	0.5
Employers tax	48.1	1.0	213.0	1.1	215.9	1.4	404.5	1.4
Transfer from development budget	879.1	19.2	3,146.5	15.6	3,130.7	20.3	5,027.6	17.4
All other	393.4	8.6	1,442.2	7.1	1,588.4	10.1	2,802.6	9.7
Total ordinary	2,681.4	58.5	11,156.5	55.2	11,150.1	72.3	21,699.4	75.1
Development budget and debt repayment
Foreign sources	620.0	13.5	2,846.7	14.1	3,516.2	22.8	6,819.0	23.6
Internal loans	870.0	19.0	2,829.3	14.0	2,837.6	18.4	5,027.6	17.9
Transfer to ordinary budget	- 879.1	-19.2	- 3,146.5	-15.6	- 3,130.7	-20.3	- 5,027.6	-17.4
All other	1,290.7	28.2	1,742.4	32.3	1,048.8	6.8	375.6	.8
Total development budget and debt repayment	1,901.6	41.5	9,065.5	44.8	4,271.9	27.7	7,194.6	24.9
TOTAL	4,583.0	100.0	20,222.0	100.0	15,422.0	100.0	28,894.0	100.0

*For value of the new Israeli shekel--see Glossary.

Source: Based on information from Israel, Central Bureau of Statistics, Statistical Abstract of Israel, 1987, No. 38, Jerusalem, 1986, 528-34.

Table 6. Government Expenditures, Fiscal Years (FY) 1983-86

(Value in new Israeli shekels)*
	FY 1983		FY 1984		FY 1985	FY 1986
Revenue	Value	Percentage	Value	Percentage	Value	Percentage	Valu e	Percentage
Expenditure
Ordinary
Defense	771.0	16.8	3,589.1	17.7	3,639.5	23.6	7,281.3	25.2
Health	60.0	1.3	208.0	1.0	200.5	1.3	433.4	1.5
Education	208.0	4.5	895.6	4.4	894.5	5.8	1,935.9	6.7
Agriculture	6.9	0.2	29.0	0.1	30.8	0.2	57.8	0.2
Commerce and industry	3.4	0.1	15.2	0.1	15.4	0.1	28.9	0.1
Construction-housing	4.5	0.1	20.6	0.1	15.4	0.1	28.9	0.1
Interest	974.5	21.3	4,511.0	22.3	2,868.5	18.6	5,576.5	19.3
Subsidies	290.4	6.3	908.0	4.5	909.8	5.9	1,184.6	4.1
All other	590.8	13.1	2,630.0	13.1	2,575.7	16.7	5,172.1	27.9
Total ordinary	2,909.5	63.5	12,806.5	63.3	11,150.1	72.3	21,699.4	75.1
Development and debt repayment
Debt repayment	1,443.5	31.5	6,411.0	31.7	3,269.5	21.2	5,518.8	19.3
All other	230.0	5.0	1,004.5	5.0	1,002.4	6.5	1,675.8	5.6
Total development and debt repayment	1,673.5	36.5	7,415.5	36.7	4,271.9	27.7	7,194.6	24.9
TOTAL	4,583.0	100.0	20,222.0	100.0	15,422.0	100.0	28,894.0	100.0

*For value of the new Israeli shekel--see Glossary.

Source: Based on information from Israel, Central Bureau of Statistics, Statistical Abstract of Israel, 1987, No. 38, Jerusalem, 1987, 528-34.

Table 7. United States Government Aid, 1982- 86

**(in millions of United States dollars)¹**
	1982	1983	1984	1985	1986
Aid
Grants¹	1,259	1,618	2,271	3,885	3,817
Long- and medium-term loan	1,081	1,092	950	0	405
Total gross aid	2,341²	2,711²	3,221	3,885	4,222
Payments
Loan repayments Principal	177	155	174	109	135
Interest	569	750	873	946	946
Total loan repayments	746	905	1,047	1,055	1,081
Total net aid	1,595	1,805	2,174	2,830	3,141

¹ Includes military and some economic grants.
² Figures may not add because of rounding.

Source: Based on information from Bank of Israel, Annual Report, 1986, Jerusalem, May 1987, 126; Annual Report, 1987, Jerusalem, May 1988, 202.

Table 8. Structure of Industry, 1984- 85


	1984				1985
	Establishments	Persons Engaged¹	Revenue²	Percentages of Total Revenue	Establishments	Persons Engaged¹	Revenue²	Percentages of Total Revenue
Mining and quarrying	69	5 113.9	3.2	37	4	440.3	2.5
Food, beverages, and tobacco	1,027	45	742.1	20.8	977	443,662.8	20.8
Textiles	394	17	189.2	5.3	363	15	838.3	4.8
Clothing	1,282	30	130.6	3.7	1,160	31	707.9	4.0
Leather and products	281	4	25.7	0.7	285	4	158.5	0.9
Wood and products	1,534	14	102.8	2.9	1,373	14	511.9	2.9
Paper and products	209	6	104.5	2.9	202	7	520.1	3.0
Printing and publishing	971	14	115.2	3.2	987	13	536.9	3.1
Rubber and plastics	524	13	176.1	4.9	526	13	850.4	4.8
Chemicals and oil products	239	18	389.8	10.9	239	19	1,905.3	10.8
Nonmetallic minerals	486	11	148.9	4.2	447	9	659.7	3.8
Basic metals	158	6	101.0	2.8	144	6	467.3	2.7
Metal products	2,334	46	406.3	11.4	2,327	45	1,977.1	11.3
Machinery	299	11	103.7	2.9	274	10	524.1	3.0
Electrical and electronic equipment	497	36	450.6	12.6	460	37	2,261.1	12.9
Transport equipment	88	20	190.2	5.3	91	20	996.2	5.7
Miscellaneous	392	7	72.3	2.0	400	7	443.4	2.5
TOTAL	³10,784	303	3,562.7	100.0	10,292	298	17,452.3	100.0

¹ In thousands.
² In millions of new Israeli shekels; for value of the new Israeli shekel--see Glossary. June prices were used to estimate the industry's revenues.
³ As published.

Source: Based on information from Israel, Central Bureau of Statistics, Statistical Abstract of Israel, 1986, No. 37, Jerusalem, 1986, 427-54.

Table 9. Agricultural Production, 1980- 85

**(in thousands of tons unless otherwise stated)**
	1980-81	1981-82	1982- 83	1983-84	1984-85
Citrus fruit	1,416	1,804	1,530	1,547	1,487
Apples and other fruit	227	201	239	181	161
Grapes	84	88	95	92	80
Bananas	66	73	67	68	81
Avocados	8	40	62	52	77
Wheat	215	147	335	130	128
Hay	112	115	120	95	100
Cotton fiber	92	88	93	88	99
Groundnuts	26	26	23	22	23
Vegetables	677	771	779	778	763
Potatoes	218	207	206	198	204
Olives	20	37	37	17	39
Melons and pumpkins	133	118	122	131	132
Cattle (beef)	56	56	58	58	61
Fish	23	24	22	23	25
Poultry	210	229	250	269	244
Eggs (in millions)	1,531	1,740	1,803	2,026	2,049
Milk (in million liters)	682	726	756	797	788

Source: Based on information from Israel, Central Bureau of Statistics, Statistical Abstract of Israel, 1986, No. 37, Jerusalem, 1986, 386-410.

Table 10. Major Trading Partners, Selected Years, 1970-86

**(in millions of United States dollars)**
Year	Belgium/Luxembourg	Britain	F rance	Italy	Netherlands	United States	West Germany	World
Exports
1970	40	82	39	15	46	149	67	782
1972	46	113	55	29	65	224	103	1,149
1974	92	157	91	67	136	306	135	1,824
1976	102	180	136	73	160	437	199	2,415
1978	200	282	183	94	222	688	331	3,911
1980	237	466	299	285	246	886	542	5,543
1982	228	404	304	202	199	1,119	355	5,287
1984	231	482	237	212	258	1,645	360	5,809
1986	266	512	313	275	309	2,347	373	7,168
Imports
1970	62	223	61	76	71	323	173	2,079
1972	122	365	95	166	83	373	228	2,472
1974	142	543	154	225	223	754	687	5,440
1976	127	609	151	172	242	888	417	5,669
1978	259	542	264	283	482	1,126	594	7,403
1980	405	673	270	315	190	1,549	791	9,685
1982	367	619	365	442	248	1,542	895	9,025
1984	773	698	322	403	160	1,772	944	9,800
1986	1,265	985	386	560	302	1,789	1,214	10,736

Source: Based on information from International Monetary Fund, Direction of Trade Statistics, 1987.

Table 11. Balance of Payments Indicators, 1982-86

**(in millions of United States dollars)**
	1982	1983	1984	1985	1986
Exports, excluding capital services	8,792	8,901	9,629	10,195	11,188
Civilian imports, excluding capital services	10,896	11,634	11,209	10,575	12,341
Trade balance	-2,104	-2,733	-1,580	- 380	-1,153
Current account
Total goods and services, (net)	- 4,570	-4,861	-4,816	-3,945	-3,966
Total unilateral transfers	2,616	2,855	3,352	5,043	5,336
Current deficit(-) or surplus	- 1,954	-2,006	-1,464	1,098	1,370
Net medium-term and long-term capital movements	1,133	2,349	1,276	-35	303
Basic account deficit(-) or surplus¹	-821	343	- 188	1,063	1,673
Additional balance of payments data
Implied private capital imports	883	480	- 588	-1,053	-201
Net foreign debt	15,641	18,270	19,686	19,315	18,998
Foreign reserves, end-of-year²	4,317	3,780	3,255	3,793	4,868

¹ Basic account = current account, plus medium-term and long-term capital movements.
² Held by central monetary authorities.

Source: Based on information from Bank of Israel, Annual Report, 1986, Jerusalem, May 1987, 96-102; and Table VII-17, Annual Report, 1986 (in Hebrew), Jerusalem, May 1987, 202.

Table 12. Major Israel Defense Forces Equipment, Ground Forces, 1988

Type and Description	Country of Origin	In Inventory
Tanks
Centurion	Britain	1,080
M-48A5	United States	560
M-60A1/-A3	-do-	1,300
T-54/-55	Soviet Union	250
T-62	-do-	115
Merkava I/II	Israel	550
Armored fighting vehicles
M-113 personnel carrier	United States	4,000
M-2/-3 halftrack	United States (rebuilt)	4,400
BTR-5OP personnel carrier	Soviet Union	1,900
Ramta light armored car	Israel	400
Guns and howitzers
M-101 105mm howitzer	United States	70
M-46 130mm gun	-do-	110
Soltam M-68/-71 and M-839P/-845P 155mm howitzers	Israel	300
L-33 155mm howitzer self-propelled	France, United States	180
M-50 155mm howitzer self-propelled	United States	75
M-109 155mm howitzer self-propelled	- do-	530
M-107 175mm gun self-propelled	-do-	140
M-110 203mm howitzer self-propelled	- do-	36
Multiple rocket launchers
BM-21 122mm	Soviet Union	n.a.
LAR 160mm light artillery rocket	Israel	n.a.
MB-24 240mm	Soviet Union	n.a.
MAR-290 290mm self-propelled medium artillery rocket	Israel	n.a.
Mortars
120mm, 160mm, some self-propelled	various	n.a.
Surface-to-surface missiles
MGM-52C Lance	United States	n.a.
Jericho I	Israel	n.a.
Zeev	-do-	n.a.
Antitank weapons
106mm recoilless rifle	United States	250
Wire-guided weapons
TOW	-do-	n.a.
M-47 Dragon	-do-	n.a.
Milan	France	n.a.
Sagger	Soviet Union	n.a.
Mapats (laser TOW)	Israel	n.a.

n.a.--not available.

Sources: Based on information from International Institute for Strategic Studies, The Military Balance, 1988-1989, London, 1988, 103.

Table 13. Major Israel Defense Forces Equipment, Navy, 1988

Type and Description	Origin	Commissioned	In Inventory
Submarines
IKL/Vickers type 540	Britain	1977	3
Dolphin class	West Germany	ordered	3
Corvettes
Saar 5, 985 tons	United States	ordered	3
Fast-attack craft
Saar 4.5 Aliya, 500 tons	Israel	1980-82	2
Saar 4 Reshef, 415 tons	-do-	1969	8
Saar 3, 250 tons	France	1969	6
Saar 2, 250 tons	-do-	1968	6
Hydrofoils
Shimrit (Flagstaff 2)	United States, Israel	1982-85	3
Coastal patrol craft
Dvora	Israel	1977	1
Super Dvora	Israel	1977	(5 ordered)
Dabur	Israel,	n.a.
United States	31
Amphibious
Landing craft (tank)	Israel	1966-7	6
Landing craft (personnel)	United States	1976	3
Aircraft
Seascan 1124N	Israel	n.a.	7
Bell 212 helicopter	United States	n.a.	25
n.a.--not available.

Source: Based on information from Jane's Fighting Ships, 1988- 89, London, 1988, 279-82.

Table 14. Major Israel Defense Forces Equipment, Air Force, 1988

Type and Description	Country of Origin	In Inventory
Fighter-interceptors
F-15 Eagle	United States	50
F-4E Phantom	-do-	113
Kfir C2/C7	Israel	95 (75 more stored)
F-16A/B/C/D Fighting Falcon	United States	145
Fighter, ground attack
A-4H/N Skyhawk	-do-	121
Reconnaissance
RF-4E Phantom	-do-	14
Airborne early warning
E-2C Hawkeye	-do-	4
Electronic warfare	command post
Boeing 707	-do-	6
Transports
Boeing 707	-do-	2
Hercules C-130E/	-do-	21
C-47	-do-	19
Boeing 707 (tankers)	-do-	5
KC-130H (tankers)	-do-	2
Arava	Israel	10
Training
TA-4H/J Skyhawk	United States	27
Kfir TC2	Israel	10
F-4E	United States	16
CM-170 Magister/Tzugit	France, Israel	94
Attack helicopters
Bell AH-1S Cobra	United States	40
Hughes 500 MD	-do-	40
Transport helicopters
CH-53A/D (heavy)	United States	33
Super Frelon SA-321 (medium)	France	9
UH-1D (medium)	United States	17
Bell 206A, 212 (light)	-do-	104
Electronic warfare	sea-air rescue
helicopters Bell 206, 212	United States	20

Sources: Based on information from International Institute for Strategic Studies, The Military Balance, 1988-89, London 1988, 104 and Bill Gunston, An Illustrated Guide to the Israeli Air Force, Tel Aviv, 1982, passim.

Table 15. United States Military Aid to Israel, 1979-89

**(in millions of United States dollars)**
Year	Grants	Sales	Total
1979	1,300	2,700	4,000
1980	500	500	1,000
1981	500	900	1,400
1982	550	850	1,400
1983	750	950	1,700
1984	850	850	1,700
1985	1,400	0	1,400
1986	1,723	1,723	3,446
1987	1,800	0	1,800
1988	1,800	0	1,800
1989	1,800 (proposed)	0	1,800 (proposed)

Library of Congress

Comments: lcweb@loc.gov(02/06/97)