Appendix A. Tables

Table 1. Metric Conversion Coofficients and Factors


When you kow	Multiply by	To find
Millimeters	0.04	inches
Centimeters	0.39	inches
Meters	3.3	feet
Kilometers	0.62	miles
Hectares	2.47	acres
Square kilometers	0.39	square miles
Cubic meters	35.3	cubic feet
Liters	0.26	gallons
Kilograms	2.2	pounds
Metric tons	0.98	long tons
	1.1	short tons
	2,204	pounds
Degrees Celsius (Centigrade)	1.8 and add 32	degrees Fahrenheit

Table 2. Population Distribution by Governorate, 1987

**(in thousands)**
Administrative Division	Female	Male	Urban	Rural	Total
Governorate
Al Anbar	390	428	538	280	818
Al Basrah	438	434	782	90	872
Al Muthanna	160	153	163	150	313
Al Q adisiyah	280	281	321	240	561
An Najaf	362	361	568	155	723
At Tamim	255	338	473	120	593
Babylon	557	552	669	440	1,109
Baghdad	1,890	1,955	3,600	245	3,845
Dhi Qar	445	473	468	450	918
Diyala	445	455	465	435	900
Karbala	229	227	341	115	456
Maysan	244	256	275	225	500
Nineveh	745	762	982	525	1,507¹
Salah ad Din	350	374	400	324	724
Wasit	225	235	260	200	460
Autonomous Region²
As Sulaymaniyah	433	510	543	400	943
Dahuk	125	168	160	133	293
Irbil	340	403	475	268	743
TOTAL	7,913¹	8,365¹	11,483	4,795	16,278¹

¹ From October 17, 1987, census; remaining figures are estimates.
² See Glossary.

Source: Based on information from Joint Publications Research Service, Daily Report: Near East and South Asia, October 20, 1987, 22, and October 21, 1987, 25.

Table 3. Area and Population Density, 1987

Administrative Division	Land Area (in square kilometers)1	Population (in thousands)	Density (persons per square kilometer
Governorate
Al Anbar	137,723	818	5.9
Al Basrah	19,070	872	45.7
Al Muthanna	51,029	313	6.1
Al Qadisiyah	8,507	561	65.9
An Najaf	27,844	723	26.0
At Tamim	10,391	593	57.1
Babylon	5,258	1,109²	210.9
Baghdad	5,159	3,845²	745.3
Dhi Qar	13,626	918	67.4
Diyala	19,292	900	46.7
Karbala	5,034	456	90.6
Maysan	14,103	500	35.5
Nineveh	37,698	1,507²	40.0
Salah ad Din	29,004	724	25.0
Wasit	17,308	460	26.6
Autonomous Region³
As Sulaymaniyah	15,756	943	59.9
Dahuk	6,120	293	47.9
Irbil	14,471	743	51.3
TOTAL	437,393	16,278²	37.2

¹ From Annual Abstract of Statistics, 1985.
² From October 17, 1987, census; remaining figures are estimates.
³ See Glossary.

Source: Based on information from Iraq, Ministry of Planning, Central Statistical Organization, Annual Abstract of Statistics, 1985, Baghdad, n.d., 10; and Joint Publications Research Service, Daily Report: Near East and South Asia, October 20, 1987, 22 and October 21, 1987, 25.

Table 4. Teachers, Students, and Schools
School Years 1976-77 to 1985-86, Selected Years

Level	Number of Teachers	Number of Students		Total Students	Number of Schools
		Male	Female
Kindergarten
1976-77	2,291	24,223	27,617	51,840	276
1979-80	3,079	33,156	47,262	80,418	358
1982-83	4,175	38,137	41,319	79,456	507
1985-86	4,657	38,604	42,827	81,431	584
Primary
1976-77	70,799	687,220	1,259,962	1,947,182	8,156
1979-80	92,644	1,174,866	1,434,067	2,608,933	11,316
1982-83	107,364	1,214,410	1,400,517	2,614,927	10,223
1985-86	118,492	1,258,434	1,554,082	2,812,516	8,127
Secondary
1976-77	19,471	164,442	387,600	552,042	1,319
1979-80	28,002	271,112	626,588	897,700	1,774
1982-83	32,556	334,897	636,930	971,827	1,977
1985-86	35,051	371,214	660,346	1,031,560	2,238
Vocational¹
1976-77	1,906	n.a.	n.a.	28,365	82
1979-80	3,928	n.a.	n.a.	4,026	126
1982-83	4,733	n.a.	n.a.	61,383	157
1985-86	6,405	31,252	88,838	120,090	237
Teacher Training Schools²
1977-78	666	12,685	4,652	17,337	32
1982-83	1,022	15,936	10,255	26,191	36
1985-86	209	3,355	2,928	6,283	7
Teacher Training Institutes³
1977-78	241	3,233	3,019	6,252	13
1982-83	219	3,286	3,197	6,483	7
1985-86	1,202	16,820	11,083	27,903	37
University, College, or Technical Institutes⁴
1976-77	4,008	24,584	56,914	81,498	9
1979-80	5,680	9,298	21,884	31,182	9
1982-83	6,674	10,536	23,626	34,162	9
1985-86	7,616	17,015	36,022	53,037	9

¹ Includes commercial, technical, and agricultural schools.
² A three-year course for those who had completed intermediate studies.
³ A two-year course for secondary school graduates.
⁴ Includes Iraqi, other Arab, and foreign faculty and students at University of Baghdad, University of Basra, Foundation of Technical Institutes, University of Mosul, University of Al Mustansiriyah, University of Salah ad Din, University of Technology, and the religious colleges affiliated with the University of Baghdad and the University of Al Mustansiriyah.

Source: Based on information from Iraq, Ministry of Planning, Central Statistical Organization, Annual Abstract of Statistics, 1985, Baghdad, n.d., 203-33.

Table 5. Medical Personnel and Facilities, 1985

Administrative Division	Estimated Population (in thousands)1	Hospitals	Hospital Beds	Doctors	Paramedics
Governorate
Al Anbar	818	11	825	206	523
Al Basrah	872	14	2,212	399	1,562
Al Muthanna	313	5	499	499	307
Al Qadisiyah	561	11	749	163	435
An Najaf	723	8	1,355	207	581
At Tamim	593	8	869	146	488
Babylon	1,109²	7	859	203	623
Baghdad	3,845²	41	10,006	2,145	4,535
Dhi Qar	918	15	1,102	160	600
Diyala	900	10	836	148	454
Karbala	456	4	488	118	287
Maysan	500	10	956	126	546
Nineveh	1,507²	21	2,223	498	1,011
Salah ad Din	724	6	775	125	403
Wasit	460	10	590	137	506
Autonomous Region³
As Sulaymaniyah	943	11	1,187	124	630
Dahuk	293	7	490	124	344
Irbil	743	17	1,684	196	848
TOTAL	16,278	216	27,705	5,724	14,683

¹ For 1987.
² From October 17, 1987, census.
³ See Glossary.

Source: Based on information from Iraq, Ministry of Planning, Central Statistical Organization, Annual Abstract of Statistics, 1985, Baghdad, n.d., 192-96; and Joint Publications Research Service, Daily Report: Near East and South Asia, October 20, 1987, 22 and October 21, 1987, 25.

Table 6. Crude Oil Production and Oil Revenues, 1982-87

	1982	1983	1984	1985	1986	1987
Production (in thousands of barrels per day)	972	922	1,203	1,437	1,746	2,076
Revenue (in millions of United States dollars)	$10,250*	$9,650*	$10,000*	$11,900*	$6,813*	$11,300*

*Estimated.

Source: Based on information from Central Intelligence Agency, Directorate of Intelligence, Economic and Energy Indicators, June 3, 1988, 9, and The Middle East and North Africa, 1989, London: Europa, 1988, 475.

Table 7. Production and Area of Major Crops, Selected Years, 1981-85

	Production (in thousands of tons)			Cultivated Area (in thousands of hectares)
Crop	1981	1983	1985	1981	1983	1985
Wheat	902	841	1,406	484.7	512.6	626.6
Barley	925	835	1,331	419.5	556.6	579.5
Rice	162	111	149	22.9	22.7	24.5
Cotton	13	12	7	4.5	5.5	4.3
Tobacco	12	14	17	4.8	5.8	6.6
Tomatoes	425	439	612	16.4	14.9	19.1
Eggplant	83	112	232	3.0	3.8	5.6
Watermelon	491	583	757	17.1	18.8	21.9

Source: Based on information from Iraq, Ministry of Planning, Central Statistical Organization, Annual Abstract of Statistics, 1985, Baghdad, n.d., 59-64.

Table 8. Principal Exports and Imports, 1984

Exports (in millions of Iraqi dinars*)		Imports (in millions of Iraqi dinars*)
Oil, gas and related products	7,028	Machinery, including aircraft	65,067
Foodstuffs	681	Manufactured goods	48,786
Raw materials (including fertilizers, cement)	287	Foodstuffs	43,828
Manufactured goods	241	Chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and explosives	17,225
Heating, medical equipment, furniture, and clothes	10,285
Other items	36	Other items	10,653
TOTAL	8,273		195,844

* For value of the Iraqi dinar--see Glossary.

Source: Based on information from Iraq, Ministry of Planning, Central Statistical Organization, Annual Abstract of Statistics, 1985, Baghdad, n.d., 164.

Table 9. Direction of Trade, 1985- 1986

**(in percentages)**
Country	1985	1986
Exports
Brazil	17.7	n.a.
Britain	n.a.	1.2
France	13.0	7.0
Italy	11.0	8.1
Japan	6.0	10.5
Spain	10.7	n.a.
Turkey	8.1	8.1
United States	4.7	5.8
West Germany	n.a.	10.5
Yugoslavia	8.0	8.1
Imports
Brazil	7.0	n.a.
Britain	6.3	8.0
France	7.5	6.8
Italy	7.6	8.0
Japan	14.4	14.8
Kuwait	4.2	n.a.
Turkey	8.2	9.0
United States	n.a.	5.7
West Germany	9.2	8.0
Yugoslavia	n.a.	4.5

n.a. -- not available.

Source: Based on information from the International Monetary Fund, Direction of Trade Statistics, cited in the Economist Intelligence Unit, Country Report: Iraq, No. 1, 1987, 2 and No. 1, 1988, 2.

Table 10. Armed Forces Manpower, 1977- 87

	1977	1979	1981	1983	1985	1987
Armed Forces
Army	160,000	190,000	210,000¹	475,000¹	475,000¹	475,000
Navy	3,000	4,000	4,250¹	4,250¹	5,000¹	5,000¹
Air Force	15,000	18,000	28,000¹	28,000¹	30,000¹	30,000
Air Defense	10,000	10,000	10,000¹	10,000¹	10,000¹	10,000
TOTAL	188,000	222,000	252,250¹	517,250¹,²	520,000¹	520,000
Reserves	250,000	250,000	250,000	75,000	75,000	480,000
Paramilitary
People's Army	50,000	75,000	250,000³	250,000	450,000	650,000
Security Forces	4,800	4,800	4,800	4,800	4,800	4,800
Frontier Guard	-	-	-	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.

n.a. --not available.
¹ Losses make estimates tentative
² In addition, 10,000 armed forces personnel from Egypt, Jordan, and Sudan served in Iraq.
³ 75,000 of these mobilized.

Table 11. Major Army Equipment, 1987

Type	Designation	Inventory
Armored fighting vehicles
Heavy and medium tanks	T-54, T-55, T- 62, T-72	2,790
	T-59, T-69 II	1,500
	Chieftain Mark 3\5, M-60, M- 47	150
	M-77	60
Light tanks	PT-76	100
TOTAL		4,600
Armored vehicles
Mechanized infantry combat vehicles	BMP	1,000
Reconnaissance vehicles	BRDM-2, FUG- 70, ERC-90, MOWAG Roland, EE-9 Cascavel, EE-3 Jararaca
Armored personnel carriers	BTR-50, BTR-60, BTR-152, OT-62, OT-64, VC-TH (with HOT antitank guided weapons), M-113A1, Panhard M-3, EE-11 Urutu
TOTAL		4,000
Artillery Guns	122mm: D-74;
	130mm: M-46, Type 59-1;
	155mm: GCT self-propelled.	5
Guns\howitzers	152mm: M- 1937;
	155mm: G-5,	40
	GHN-45	40
Howitzers	105mm: M-56 pack;
	122mm: D-30 towed, M-1938,
	M-1974 (2S1);
	152mm: M-1943, M-1973 (2S3) self- propelled;
155mm: M-114	M-109 self- propelled
TOTAL		3,000
Multiple rocket launchers	Includes 122mm: BM-21 n.a.
	127mm: ASTROS II 60
	132mm: BM-13, BM-16	n.a.
TOTAL		200
Surface-to-surface missiles	FROG- 7	30
	Scud-B	20
TOTAL		50
Mortars	81mm; 120mm; 160mm	n.a.
Antitank weapons
Recoilless rifles	73mm: SPG- 9
	82mm: B-10
	107mm	n.a.
Guns	85mm; 100mm towed; 105mm: JPz	100
	SK-105 self-propelled	n.a.
Antitank guided weapons	AT-3 Sagger (including BRDM-2)	n.a.
	AT-4 Spigot (reported), SS-11, Milan, HOT	n.a.
Army Air Corps,
armed helicopters
Attack helicopters	Mil Mi24 Hind, with AT-2 Swatter	40
	SA-342 Gazelle (some with HOT)	50
	SA-321 Super Frelon (some with Exocet AM-38 ASM)	10
	SA-316B Alouette III, with AS-12 ASM	30
	BO-105, with AS-11 antitank guided weapons	56
	Hughes-530F	26
	Hughes-500D	30
	Hughes-300C	30
TOTAL		272
Transport helicopters
Heavy	Mi-6 Hook	10
Medium	Mi-8	100
Light	Mi-4	20
	SA-330 Puma	10
TOTAL		140
Air defense weapons
Guns	23mm: ZSU-23-4 self-propelled; 37mm: M-1939 and twin; 57mm: includes ZSU-57-2 self-propelled; 85mm; 100mm; 130mm
TOTAL		4,000
Surface-to-air missiles	SA-2	120
	SA-3, SA-6, SA-7, SA-9	150
	Roland	60
TOTAL		300

n.a. --not available.
* Equipment estimates are tentative because of wartime losses.

Source: Based on information from International Institute for Strategic Studies, The Military Balance, 1987-1988. London, 1987, 100.

Table 12. Major Navy Equipment, 1987

Type and Description	Inventory
Frigates	5
4 Lupo class with 8 Otomat-2 SSM, 1 X 8
Albatros/Aspide SAM, 1 helicopter (held in Italy)
1 Yug (training vessel)
Corvettes	6
Assad class, all with 1 X 4
Albatros/Aspide SAMs:
2 with 2 Otomat-2 SSMs, 1 helicopter;
4 with 6 Otomat-2 SSMs;
completed (all 6 held in Italy)
Fast-attack craft (missiles) OSA class, each with 4 Styx SSMs (6 of model II, 2 of model I),	8
Fast-attack craft (torpedoes)	4
P-6 (may not be operable)
Large patrol craft: SO-1	3
Coastal patrol craft: Zhuk (under 100 tons)	5
Minesweepers	8
2 Soviet T-43 (ocean);
3 Yevgenya (ocean); and
3 Nestin (inshore/river)
Amphibious	6
3 Polnocny (LSM¹)
3 modern cargo (LST²)
Support ships	5
1 Stromboli class
2 Poluchat torpedo support;
1 Agnadeen tanker; and 1 Transport

¹ Landing ship, medium.
² Landing ship tank.

Source: Based on information from International Institute for Strategic Studies, The Military Balance, 1987-1988, London, 1987, 100.

Table 13. Major Air Force Equipment, 1987

Type	Designation	Inventory
Bombers	Tu-16	8
	Tu-22	7
Fighters	MiG-29	28
	MiG-23BM	40
	Mirage F-1C	40
	Mirage F-1EQ5 (Exocet- equipped)	20
	Mirage F-1EQ-200	23
	F-7 (Chinese version of MiG-21 assembled in Egypt)	70
	Su-7; Su-20 (Su-25 reported)	n.a.
Interceptors	MiG-25	25
	MiG-21	200
	MiG-19	40
	Mirage F-1EQ	30
Reconnaissance	MiG-25	5
Transport aircraft	An-2 Colt	10
	An-12 Cub	10
	An-24 Coke (retiring)	6
	An-26 Curl	2
	Il-76 Candid	19
	Il-14 Crate	19
	DH Heron	1
Trainers	MiG-15, MiG-21, MiG-23U, Su- 7U	n.a.
	Mirage F-1BQ	16
	L-29 Delfin	50
	L-39 Albatros	40
	PC-7 Turbo Trainer	50
	EMB-312 Tucano	21
Air-to-air missiles	R-530	n.a.
	R-550 Magic	n.a.
	AA-2, AA-6, AA-7, AA-8	n.a.
Air-to-surface missiles	AS-30 Laser	200
	Armat	n.a.
	Exocet AM-39	542
	AS-4 Kitchen	n.a.
	AS-5 Kelt	n.a.

n.a. --not available.

Source: Based on information from International Institute for Strategic Studies, The Military Balance, 1987-1988, London: 1987, 100-1; The Military Balance, 1986-1987, London: 1986, 98; Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, World Armaments and Disarmament, SIPRI Yearbook 1987. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987, 250-53.

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