Bibliography -- Japan


Chapter 1

Arnesen, Peter Judd. The Medieval Japanese Daimyo. New
     Haven: Yale University Press, 1970.

Association of Japanese Geographers. Geography of Japan.
     Tokyo: Teikoku-Shoin, 1980.

Baerwald, Hans H., and Akira Hashimoto. "Japan in 1982: Doing
     Nothing Is Best?" Asian Survey, 23, No. 1, January
     1983, 53-61.

Banno, Junji. The Establishment of the Japanese Constitutional
     System. (Trans., J.A.A. Stockwin.) (Nissan
     Institute/Routledge Japanese Studies Series.) London:
     Routledge, 1992.

Beasley W.G. Japanese Imperialism, 1874-1945. Oxford:
     Clarendon Press, 1987.

------. The Meiji Restoration. Stanford: Stanford
     University Press, 1972.

------. The Modern History of Japan. New York: St.
     Martin's Press, 1981.

Beasley, W.G. (ed.). Modern Japan: Aspects of History,
     Literature, and Society. Berkeley: University of
     California Press, 1977.

Berry, Mary Elizabeth. The Culture of Civil War in Kyoto.
     Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993.

------. Hideyoshi. Cambridge: Harvard University Press,
     1982.

Bibliography of Asian Studies. (Annuals 1984 through
     1986.) Ann Arbor: Association for Asian Studies, 1984-86.

Bito Masahide, and Watanabe Akio. A Chronological Outline of
     Japanese History. Tokyo: International Society for
     Educational Information, n.d.

Borton, Hugh. Japan's Modern Century. New York: Ronald
     Press, 1955.

Boxer, Charles R. The Christian Century in Japan.
     Berkeley: University of California Press, 1974.

Brownlee, John S. Political Thought in Japanese Historical 
     Writing: From Kojiki (712) to Tokushi Yoron (1712).
     Toronto: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 1991.

Collcutt, Martin, Marius B. Jansen, and Isao Kumakura. Cultural
     Atlas of Japan. New York: Facts on File, 1988.

Connaughton, Richard M. The War of the Rising Sun and Tumbling
     Bear: A Military History of the Russo-Japanese War,
     1904-05. London: Routledge, 1988.

Conroy, Hilary, Sandra T.W. Davis, and Wayne Patterson (eds.).
     Japan in Transition: Thought and Action in the Meiji
     Era. Rutherford, New Jersey: Fairleigh Dickinson
     University Press, 1984.

Cooper, Michael (ed.). They Came to Japan: An Anthology of
     European Reports on Japan, 1543-1640. (Center for
     Japanese and Korean Studies.) Berkeley: University of
     California Press, 1965.

Coox, Alvin D. Nomonhan: Japan Against Russia, 1939. (2
     vols.) Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1985.

Craig, William. The Fall of Japan. New York: Dell, 1967.

Crump, John. Hatta Shuzo and Pure Anarchism in Interwar
     Japan. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1993.

Davis, Sandra T.W. Intellectual Change and Political
     Development in Early Modern Japan: Ono Azusa, A Case
     Study. Rutherford, New Jersey: Fairleigh Dickinson
     University Press, 1980.

Dower, John W. Japanese History and Culture from Ancient to
     Modern Times: Seven Basic Bibliographies. New York:
     Wiener, 1986.

Duus, Peter. Feudalism in Japan. (Studies in World
     Civilization Series.) New York: Knopf, 1969.

------. The Rise of Modern Japan. Boston: Houghton
     Mifflin, 1976.

Duus, Peter (ed.). The Cambridge History of Japan, 6: The
     Twentieth Century. New York: Cambridge University Press,
     1988.

Duus, Peter, Ramon H. Meyers, and Mark R. Peattie (eds.). The
     Japanese Informal Empire in China, 1895-1937. Princeton:
     Princeton University Press, 1989.

Earle, Joe. An Introduction to Japanese Prints. London:
     Victoria and Albert Museum, 1980.

Elisseeff, Vadime. Japan. (Trans., James Hogarth.)
     (Ancient Civilizations Series.) London: Barrie and Jenkins,
     1974.

Embree, Ainslie T. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Asian History.
     (4 vols.) New York: Scribner's in association with The Asian
     Society, 1988.

Eto Shinkichi, and Marius B. Jansen (trans. and eds.). My
     Thirty-Three Years' Dream: The Autobiography of Miyazaki
     Toten. (Princeton Library of Asian Translations Series.)
     Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1982.

Farnsworth, Lee W. "Japan in 1980: The Conservative Resurgence,"
     Asian Survey, 21, No. 1, January 1981, 70-83.

------. "Japan in 1981: Meeting the Challenges," Asian
     Survey, 22, No. 1, January 1982, 56-68.

Farris, William Wayne. Heavenly Warriors: The Evolution of
     Japan's Military, 500-1300. (Harvard East Asian
     Monographs, No. 157.) Cambridge: Council on East Asian
     Studies, Harvard University, 1993.

Fletcher, William Miles, III. The Search for a New Order:
     Intellectuals and Fascism in Prewar Japan. Chapel Hill:
     University of North Carolina Press, 1982.

Fukuda, Naomi (ed.). Japanese History: A Guide to Survey
     Histories. (2 vols.) Ann Arbor: Center for Japanese
     Studies, University of Michigan, 1984-86.

Fukui, Haruhiro. "Japan in 1987: An Eventful Year," Asian
     Survey, 28, No. 1, January 1987, 23-34.

Giffard, Sidney. Japan among the Powers, 1880-1990. New
     Haven: Yale University Press, 1994.

Goldsmith, Raymond W. The Financial Development of Japan,
     1868-1975. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1983.

Gordon, Andrew (ed.). Postwar Japan as History. Berkeley:
     University of California Press, 1993.

The Gossamer Years (Kagero Nikki): The Diary of a
     Noblewoman of Heian Japan. (Trans., Edward G.
     Seidensticker.) (UNESCO Collection of Representative Works,
     Japanese Series.) Rutland, Vermont: Tuttle, 1964.

Grossburg, Kenneth Alan. Japan's Renaissance: The Politics of
     the Muromachi Bakufu. Cambridge: Harvard University
     Press, 1981.

Hall, John Whitney. Japan: From Prehistory to Modern
     Times. New York: Delacourt Press, 1970.

------. Japanese History: A Guide to Japanese Reference and
     Research Materials. Ann Arbor: Center for Japanese
     Studies, University of Michigan, 1954.

Hall, John Whitney, and Marius B. Jansen (eds.). Studies in the
     Institutional History of Early Modern Japan. Princeton:
     Princeton University Press, 1968.

Hall, John Whitney, and James L. McClain (eds.). The Cambridge
     History of Japan, 4: Early Modern Japan. Cambridge:
     Cambridge University Press, 1991.

Hall, John Whitney, and Jeffrey P. Mass (eds.). Medieval Japan:
     Essays in Institutional History. New Haven: Yale
     University Press, 1974.

Hall, John Whitney, Nagahara Keiji, and Kozo Yamamura (eds.).
     Japan Before Tokugawa: Political Consolidation and
     Economic Growth, 1500 to 1650. Princeton: Princeton
     University Press, 1981.

Hanley, Susan B., and Kozo Yamamura. Economic and Demographic
     Change in Preindustrial Japan, 1600-1868. Princeton:
     Princeton University Press, 1977.

Harada, Jiro. A Glimpse of Japanese Ideals: Lectures on
     Japanese Art and Culture. Tokyo: Kokusai Bunka Shinkokai
     (Society for International Cultural Relations), 1937.

Hsü, Immanuel C.Y. The Rise of Modern China. (4th ed.) New
     York: Oxford University Press, 1990.

Hunter, Janet (comp.). Concise Dictionary of Modern Japanese
     History. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984.

Iriye, Akira. After Imperialism: The Search for a New Order in
     the Far East, 1921-1931. Cambridge: Harvard University
     Press, 1965.

Iriye, Akira, and Warren I. Cohen (eds.). The United States and
     Japan in the Postwar World. Lexington: University Press
     of Kentucky, 1989.

Irokawa Daikichi. The Culture of the Meiji Period.
     (Trans., Marius B. Jansen.) (Princeton Library of Asian
     Translations Series.) Princeton: Princeton University Press,
     1985.

Iwao, Seiichi (ed.). Biographical Dictionary of Japanese
     History. (Trans., Burton Watson.) Tokyo: International
     Society for Educational Information, 1978.

Iwata, Mazakazu. Okubo Toshimichi: The Bismarck of Japan.
     Berkeley: University of California Press, 1964.

Jain, Rajendra Kumar. The USSR and Japan, 1945-1980.
     Atlantic Heights, New Jersey: Humanities Press, 1981.

Jansen, Marius B. China in the Tokugawa World. Cambridge:
     Harvard University Press, 1992.

------. "Japan." Pages 185-200 in Ainslie T. Embree (ed.),
     Encyclopedia of Asian History, 2. New York:
     Scribner's in association with The Asia Society, 1988.

------. Sakamoto Ryoma and the Meiji Restoration.
     Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1961.

Jansen, Marius B. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Japan, 5: The
     Nineteenth Century. New York: Cambridge University Press,
     1989.

Jansen, Marius B., and Gilbert Rozman. Japan in Transition:
     From Tokugawa to Meiji. Princeton: Princeton University
     Press, 1986.

Japan: An Illustrated Encyclopedia. (2 vols.) Tokyo:
     Kodansha, 1993.

Japan Foundation. Catalogue of Books in English on Japan, 1945-
     81. Tokyo: 1986.

------. An Introductory Bibliography for Japanese Studies.
     (4 vols.) Tokyo: 1975-82.

Jefferson, Roland M., and Alan E. Fusonie. The Japanese
     Flowering Cherry Trees of Washington, D.C.: A Living Symbol of
     Friendship. (National Arboretum Contribution No. 4.)
     Washington: Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research
     Service, December 1977.

Kajima Morinosuke. The Diplomacy of Japan, 1894-1922. (2
     vols.) Tokyo: Kajima Institute of International Peace, 1976.

Keene, Donald. The Japanese Discovery of Europe,
     1720-1830. (Rev. ed.) Stanford: Stanford University
     Press, 1969.

Kidder, Edward. Ancient Japan. (The Making of the Past
     Series.) Oxford: Elsevier-Phaidon, 1977.

Kitahara, Michio. Children of the Sun: The Japanese and the
     Outside World. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1989.

Kodansha Encyclopedia of Japan. (9 vols.) Tokyo: Kodansha,
     1983.

Kojiki. (Trans., Donald L. Philippi.) Princeton: Princeton
     University Press and Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press, 1969.

Kokusai Bunka Shinkokai. K.B.S. Bibliography of Standard
     Reference Books for Japanese Studies, with Descriptive
     Notes. (Rev. ed.) Tokyo: Japan Cultural Society, 1971.

Krauss, Ellis S. "Japan in 1983: Altering the Status Quo?"
     Asian Survey, 24, No. 1, January 1984, 81-99.

Lebra, Joyce C. Okuma Shigenobu: Statesman of Meiji Japan.
     Canberra: Australian National Press, 1973.

Mass, Jeffrey P. Antiquity and Anachronism in Japanese
     History. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1992.

------. The Development of Kamakura Rule, 1180-1220: A History
     with Documents. Stanford: Stanford University Press,
     1979.

Maki, John M. Government and Politics in Japan: The Road to
     Democracy. New York: Praeger, 1962.

Maswood, Syed Javed. Japan and Protection: The Growth of
     Protectionist Sentiment and the Japanese Response.
     London: Routledge, 1989.

Morris, Ivan. The Nobility of Failure: Tragic Heroes in the
     History of Japan. London: Secker and Warburg, 1976.

------. The World of the Shining Prince: Court Life in Ancient
     Japan. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1964.

Morton, W. Scott. Japan: Its History and Culture. (3d ed.)
     New York: McGraw-Hill, 1994.

Munro, Neil Gordon. Prehistoric Japan. Yokohama: 1911.

Murasaki Shikibu. The Tale of Genji. (Trans. and ed.,
     Edward G. Seidensticker.) New York: Knopf, 1976.

Murdoch, James. A History of Japan. (3 vols., 6 pts.) New
     York: Ungar, 1964.

Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D.
     697. (Trans., W.G. Aston.) London: Kegan Paul, Trench,
     Trübner, 1896.

Nish, Ian. Japanese Foreign Policy, 1869-1942: Kasumigaseki to
     Miyakezaka. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1977.

------. Japan's Struggle with Internationalism: Japan, China
     and the League of Nations, 1931-3. London: Kegan Paul,
     1993.

Norman, E. Herbert. Origins of the Modern Japanese State.
     New York: Pantheon Books, 1975.

Numata, Jiro. Western Learning: A Short History of the Study of
     Western Science in Early Modern Japan. Tokyo: Japan-
     Netherlands Institute, 1992.

Oei, Lee T. "Japan's Annexation of Korea (1868-1910): An Exposition
     and Analysis of Japanese Perspectives," American Asian
     Review, 7, No. 3, Fall 1989, 49-98.

Oka, Yoshitake. Konoe Fumimaro: A Political Biography.
     (Trans., Shumpei Okamoto and Patricia Murray.) Tokyo:
     University of Tokyo Press, 1983.

Oliver, Robert T. "Meiji Japan: A Transformation Planned and
     Guided." Pages 26-53 in Robert T. Oliver (ed.), Leadership
     in Asia: Persuasive Communication in the Making of Nations,
     1850-1950. Newark: University of Delaware Press, 1989.

Packard, Jerrold M. Sons of Heaven: A Portrait of the Japanese
     Monarchy. New York: Scribner's, 1987.

Pape, Robert A. "Why Japan Surrendered," International
     Security, 18, No. 2, Fall 1993, 154-201.

Papinot, Edmond. Historical and Geographical Dictionary of
     Japan. Yokohama: Kelly and Walsh, 1910.

Pearson, Richard (ed.). Ancient Japan. Washington: Arthur
     M. Sackler Gallery, 1992.

Perkins, Dorthy. Encyclopedia of Japan: Japanese History and
     Culture, from Abacus to Zori. New York: Facts on File,
     1991.

Pharr, Susan J., and Kishima Takako. "Japan in 1986: A Landmark
     Year for the LDP," Asian Survey, 27, No. 1, January
     1987, 23-34.

The Pillow Book of Sei Shonagon. (Trans. and ed., Ivan
     Morris.) (2 vols.) London: Oxford University Press, 1967.

Pittau, Joseph. Political Thought in Early Meiji Japan,
     1868-1889. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1967.

Prange, Gordon W. At Dawn We Slept: The Untold Story of Pearl
     Harbor. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1981.

Reischauer, Edwin O. Japan: The Story of a Nation. (Rev.
     ed.) New York: Knopf, 1974.

------. The Japanese Today: Continuity and Change.
     Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1988.

Reischauer, Edwin O., and Albert M. Craig. Japan: Tradition and
     Transformation. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1978.

Runkle, Scott F. An Introduction to Japanese History.
     Tokyo: International Society for Educational Information,
     1976.

Sansom, George B. A History of Japan to 1334. Stanford:
     Stanford University Press, 1958.

------. A History of Japan, 1334-1615. Stanford: Stanford
     University Press, 1961.

------. A History of Japan, 1615-1867. Stanford: Stanford
     University Press, 1963.

Sato, Seizaburo, et al. The Policy Recommendations on the
     "Strengthening of the U.N. Peace Function and Japan's
     Role." Tokyo: Japan Forum on International Relations,
     October 1992.

Scalapino, Robert A. Democracy and the Party Movement in Prewar
     Japan. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1953.

Schuhmacher, Stephan, and Gert Woerner (eds.). The Encyclopedia
     of Eastern Philosophy and Religion. Boston: Shambhala,
     1989.

Senda Minoru. "Territorial Possession in Ancient Japan: The Real
     and the Perceived." Pages 101-20 in Association of Japanese
     Geographers, Geography of Japan. Tokyo:
     Teikoku-Shoin, 1980.

Shillony, Ben-Ami. Politics and Culture in Wartime Japan.
     Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1981.

Shinoda, Minoru. The Founding of the Kamakura Shogunate,
     1180-1185: With Selected Translations from the Azuma
     Kagami. New York: Columbia University Press, 1960.

Shulman, Frank Joseph (ed.). Japan. (World Bibliographical
     Series, No. 103.) Santa Barbara, California: ABC-Clio, 1989.

Storry, Richard. A History of Modern Japan. Baltimore:
     Penguin Books, 1960.

Suzuki, Daisetz T. Zen and Japanese Culture. (Bollingen
     Series, No. 64.) Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1959.

Takashige Susuma. "The System of Space in the Medieval Period."
     Pages 121-45 in Association of Japanese Geographers (ed.),
     Geography of Japan. Tokyo: Teikoku-Shoin, 1980.

Tanaka Migaku. "Prehistoric Melting Pot," Look Japan 
     [Tokyo], 35, No. 402, September 1989, 32.

Tasker, Peter. The Japanese: A Major Exploration of Modern
     Japan. New York: Dutton, 1987.

Thayer, Nathaniel B. "Japan in 1984: The Nakasone Era Continues,"
     Asian Survey, 25, No. 1, January 1985, 51-64.

Tiedemann, Arthur E. Modern Japan: A Brief History.
     Huntington, New York: Krieger, 1980.

Tiedemann, Arthur E. (ed.). An Introduction to Japanese
     Civilization. Lexington, Massachusetts: D.C. Heath, 1974.

Totman, Conrad. Collapse of the Tokugawa Bakufu,
     1862-1868. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1980.

------. Early Modern Japan. (Philip E. Lilienthal Book.)
     Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993.

------. Japan Before Perry: A Short History. Berkeley:
     University of California Press, 1981.

Tsuda, Noritake. Handbook of Japanese Art. Rutland,
     Vermont: Tuttle, 1976.

Tsunoda, Ryusaku, Wm. Theodore de Bary, and Donald Keene (comps.).
     Sources of Japanese Tradition. (Records of
     Civilization, Sources, and Studies.) New York: Columbia
     University Press, 1958.

Umegaki, Michio. After the Restoration: The Beginning of
     Japan's Modern State. New York: New York University
     Press, 1988.

United States. Library of Congress. Asian Division. Japanese
     Section. "The Japanese Collection." (Pamphlet.) Washington:
     December 1989.

Varley, H. Paul. Imperial Restoration in Medieval Japan.
     (Studies of the East Asian Institute.) New York: Columbia
     University, 1971.

------. A Syllabus of Japanese Civilization. (2d ed.) New
     York: Columbia University Press, 1972.

Wakabayashi, Bob Tadashi. Anti-Foreignism and Western Learning
     in Early-Modern Japan: The "New Theses" of 1825. (Harvard
     East Asian Monographs, No. 126.) Cambridge: Harvard University
     Press, 1986.

Ward, Robert E. (ed.). Political Development in Modern
     Japan. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1968.

Ward, Robert E., and Frank Joseph Shulman. The Allied
     Occupation of Japan, 1945-1952: An Annotated Bibliography of
     Western Language Materials. Chicago: American Library
     Association, 1974. Reprint. Tokyo: Nihon Tosho Center, 1990.

Wilson, George M. Patriots and Redeemers in Japan: Motives in
     the Meiji Restoration. Chicago: University of Chicago
     Press, 1992.

Wray, Harry, and Hilary Conroy. Japan Examined: Perspectives on
     Modern Japanese History. Honolulu: University of Hawaii
     Press, 1983.

Yamamura, Kozo (ed.). The Cambridge History of Japan, 3:
     Medieval Japan. New York: Cambridge University Press,
     1990.

Yoshihashi, Takehiko. Conspiracy at Mukden: The Rise of the
     Japanese Military. (Yale Studies in Political Science
     Series, No. 9.) New Haven: Yale University Press, 1963.

Chapter 2

Anderson, Stephen J. Welfare Police and Politics in Japan:
     Beyond the Development State. New York: Paragon House,
     1993.

Aronson, Bruce. "Compensation of Pollution-Related Health Damage in
     Japan," Social Science and Medicine [Exeter, Devon,
     United Kingdom], 27, No. 10, 1988, 1043-52.

Asano, Hitoshi, and Chizuru Saito. "Social Service Delivery and
     Social Work Practice for Japanese Elders," Journal of
     Gerontological Social Work, 12, Nos. 1-2, 1989, 131-52.

Ashihara Yoshinobu. The Hidden Order: Tokyo Through the
     Twentieth Century. (Trans. and adapt., Lynne E. Riggs.)
     Tokyo: Kodansha, 1988.

Association of Japanese Geographers (ed.). Geography of
     Japan. Tokyo: Teikoku-Shoin, 1980.

Austin, Lewis (ed.). Japan: The Paradox of Progress. New
     Haven: Yale University Press, 1976

Bachnik, Jane M. "Family, Self, and Society in Modern Japan."
     (Unpublished paper.) n.d.

------. "The Japanese Ie: An Organization of Self and Society."
     (Unpublished paper.) n.d.

------. "Recruitment Strategies for Household Succession:
     Rethinking Japanese Household Organization," Man
     [London], 18, No. 1, 1983, 160-82.

Barrett, Brendan F.D., and Riki Therival. Environmental Policy
     and Impact Assessment in Japan. (Routledge Natural
     Environment--Problems and Management Series.) London:
     Routledge, 1991.

Barshay, Andrew E. State and Intellectual in Imperial Japan:
     The Public Man in Crisis. Berkeley: University of
     California Press, 1988.

Befu, Harumi. Japan: An Anthropological Introduction. San
     Francisco: Chandler, 1971.

Bellah, Robert N. Tokugawa Religion: The Values of
     Pre-industrial Japan. Glencoe, Illinois: Free Press,
     1957.

Benedict, Ruth. The Chrysanthemum and the Sword. Boston:
     Houghton Mifflin, 1946.

Bernstein, Gail Lee. Haruko's World: A Japanese Farm Woman and
     Her Community. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1983.

Bernstein, Gail Lee (ed.). Recreating Japanese Women, 1600-
     1945. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991.

Bestor, Theodore C. Neighborhood Tokyo. Stanford: Stanford
     University Press, 1989.

Bibliography of Asian Studies. (Annuals 1984 through
     1986.) Ann Arbor: Association for Asian Studies, 1984-86.

Blacker, Carmen. The Catalpa Bow: A Study of Shamanistic
     Practices in Japan. Boston: Allen and Unwin, 1986.

Buruma, Ian. Behind the Mask: On Sexual Demons, Sacred Mothers,
     Transvestites, Gangsters, Drifters, and Other Japanese
     Cultural Heroes. New York: Pantheon Books, 1984.

Campbell, John Creighton. How Policies Change: The Japanese
     Government and the Aging Society. Princeton: Princeton
     University Press, 1992.

Caudill, William, and Helen Weinstein. "Maternal Care and Infant
     Behavior in Japan and America," Psychiatry, 32, No.
     1, February 1969, 12-43.

Christopher, Robert C. The Japanese Mind. New York: Linden
     Press with Simon and Schuster, 1983.

Clark, Rodney. The Japanese Company. New Haven: Yale
     University Press, 1979.

Cole, Robert E. Japanese Blue Collar: The Changing
     Tradition. Berkeley: University of California Press,
     1971.

Coleman, Samuel. Family Planning in Japanese Society:
     Traditional Birth Control in a Modern Urban Culture.
     Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1983.

Collcutt, Martin, Marius B. Jansen, and Isao Kumakura. Cultural
     Atlas of Japan. New York: Facts on File, 1988.

Cook, Alice H., and Hiroko Hayoshi. Working Women in Japan:
     Discrimination, Resistance, and Reform. Ithaca: New York
     State School of Industrial and Labor Relations, 1980.

Craig, Albert M., and Donald Shively (eds.). Personality in
     Japanese History. Berkeley: University of California
     Press, 1970.

Crome, Peter. "Japan Cleans Up," World Press Review, 31,
     No. 6, June 1984, 58.

Dalby, Liza Crihfield. Geisha. Berkeley: University of
     California Press, 1983.

Davis, Winston. Dojo: Exorcism and Miracles in Modern
     Japan. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1980.

DeVos, George A. "Dimensions of Self in Japanese Culture." Pages
     141-84 in Anthony J. Marsella, George A. DeVos, and Francis K.
     Hsu (eds.), Culture and Self: Asian and Western
     Perspectives. London: Tavistock, 1985.

Dobbins, James. Jodo Shinshu: Shin Buddhism in Medieval
     Japan. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1989.

Doi Takeo. The Anatomy of Dependence. Tokyo: Kodansha,
     1973.

------. The Anatomy of Self: The Individual in Japanese
     Society. New York: Kodansha, 1986.

Dore, Ronald P. City Life in Japan: A Study of a Tokyo
     Ward. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1958.

Earhart, H. Byron. Gedatsu-kai and Religion in Contemporary
     Japan: Returning to the Center. Bloomington: Indiana
     University Press, 1989.

------. "Japanese New Religions." Pages 53-73 in Richard Gid Powers
     and Hidetoshi Kato (eds.), Handbook of Japanese Popular
     Culture. New York: Greenwood Press, 1989.

------. Japanese Religion: Unity and Diversity. (3d ed.)
     Belmont, California: Wadsworth, 1982.

Edwards, Walter. Modern Japan Through Its Weddings: Gender,
     Person, and Society in Ritual Portrayal. Stanford:
     Stanford University Press, 1989.

Fallows, Deborah. "Japanese Women," National Geographic,
     177, No. 4, April 1990, 52-83.

Fields, George. From Bonsai to Levi's: When West Meets East, An
     Insider's Surprising Account of How the Japanese Live.
     New York: New American Library, 1985.

Fruin, Mark. Kikkoman: Company, Clan, and Community.
     Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1983.

Fujie, Linda. "Popular Music." Pages 197-220 in Richard Gid Powers
     and Hidetoshi Kato (eds.), Handbook of Japanese Popular
     Culture. New York: Greenwood Press, 1989.

Fujii, Masao. "Maintenance and Change in Japanese Traditional
     Funerals and Death-Related Behavior," Japanese Journal of
     Religious Studies, 10, No. 1, March 1983, 39-64.

Gluck, Carol. Japan's Modern Myths: Ideology in the Late Meiji
     Period. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1985.

Goodman, Roger, and Kirsten Refsing (eds.). Ideology and
     Practice in Modern Japan. (Nissan Institute/Routledge
     Japanese Studies Series.) London: Routledge, 1992.

Groth, Alexander J., and Larry L. Wade (eds.). Public Policy
     Across Nations: Social Welfare in Industrial Settings.
     Greenwich, Connecticut: JAI Press, 1985.

Guthrie, Stewart. A Japanese New Religion: Risho Koseikai in a
     Mountain Hamlet. (Michigan Monograph Series in Japan
     Studies, No. 1.) Ann Arbor: Center for Japanese Studies,
     University of Michigan, 1988.

Hamabata, Matt. Crested Kimono: Power and Love in the Japanese
     Business Family. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1990.

Hammel, E.A. "A Glimpse into the Demography of the Ainu,"
     American Anthropologist, 90, No. 1, March 1988,
     25-41.

Hane, Mikiso. Peasants, Rebels, and Outcastes: The Underside of
     Modern Japan. New York: Pantheon Books, 1982.

Hardacre, Helen. Kurozumikyo and the New Religions of
     Japan. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1986.

------. Lay Buddhism in Contemporary Japan: Reiyukai.
     Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984.

------. Shinto and the State, 1868-1988. (Studies in
     Church and State Series.) Princeton: Princeton University
     Press, 1989.

Hase, Toshio. "Japan's Growing Environmental Movement,"
     Environment, 23, No. 2, March 1981, 14-20, 34-36.

Hendry, Joy. Becoming Japanese: The World of the Pre-School
     Child. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1986.

------. Marriage in Changing Japan. London: Croom Helm,
     1981.

------. Understanding Japanese Society. New York: Croom
     Helm, 1987.

Hisako Hirota. "Japanese Women Today." (Pamphlet.) Tokyo:
     International Society for Educational Information, n.d.

Hodge, Robert W., and Naohiro Ogawa. Fertility Change in
     Contemporary Japan. (Population and Development Series.)
     Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991.

Hori Ichiro, Ikuda Fujio, Wakimoto Tsuneya, and Yanagawa Keiichi
     (eds.). Japanese Religion: A Survey by the Agency for
     Cultural Affairs. (Trans., Yoshiya Abe and David Reid.)
     Tokyo: Kodansha, 1972.

Imamura, Anne E. Urban Japanese Housewives: At Home and in the
     Community. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1987.

International Society for Educational Information. Facts about
     Japan: Religion. Tokyo: n.d.

------. Facts about Japan: Sports. Tokyo: n.d.

Irokawa Daikichi. The Culture of the Meiji Period.
     (Trans., Marius B. Jansen.) (Princeton Library of Asian
     Translations Series.) Princeton: Princeton University Press,
     1985.

------. "Popular Movements in Modern Japanese History." Pages 69-86
     in Gavan McCormack and Yoshio Sugimoto (eds.), The
     Japanese Trajectory: Modernization and Beyond. Cambridge:
     Cambridge University Press, 1988.

Iwai, Noriko, and Susan O. Long. "Interpreting Differences in
     Japanese and American Husband-Wife Relationships." (Paper
     presented at the Annual Meeting of Association for Asian
     Studies, Chicago, April 1990.) Chicago: 1990.

Jansen, Marius B., and Gilbert Rozman. Japan in Transition:
     From Tokugawa to Meiji. Princeton: Princeton University
     Press, 1986.

Japan. Environment Agency. Foreign Press Center White Paper on
     the Environment, 1989. Tokyo: May 1989.

------. Management and Coordination Agency. Statistics Bureau.
     Nihon tokei nenkan, Showa 63 (Japan Statistical
     Yearbook, 1988). Tokyo: Sorifu, Tokeikyoku, 1989.

------. Management and Coordination Agency. Statistics Bureau.
     Nihon tokei nenkan, Heisei 4 (Japan Statistical
     Yearbook, 1992). Tokyo: Sorifu, Tokeikyoku, 1992.

------. Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture. Agency for
     Cultural Affairs. Shukyo nenkan, Heisei 3 (Religion
     Yearbook, 1991). Tokyo: 1991.

------. Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture. Agency for
     Cultural Affairs. Shukyo nenkan, Heisei 4 (Religion
     Yearbook, 1992). Tokyo: 1992.

------. Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture. Agency for
     Cultural Affairs. Shukyo nenkan, Showa 63 (Religion
     Yearbook, 1988). Tokyo: Kyosei, 1989.

------. Ministry of Finance. Seron Chosa Nenkan, Showa 63
     Nenpo (Public Opinion Survey Yearbook, 1989). Tokyo:
     1989.

------. Ministry of Health and Welfare. Annual Report on Health
     and Welfare for 1983: The Trend of a New Era and Social
     Security. Tokyo: October 1983.

------. Ministry of Health and Welfare. Foreign Press Center,
     Fiscal 1986: Report on Health and Welfare Administration.
     Tokyo: June 1987.

------. Ministry of Health and Welfare. Foreign Press Center
     Outline of 1983: Basic Survey on Health and Welfare
     Administration. Tokyo: February 1984.

------. Ministry of Health and Welfare. Foreign Press Center
     White Paper on Health and Welfare, 1987. Tokyo: February
     1988.

------. Office of the Prime Minister. Foreign Press Center
     Outline of the Results of the Third International Survey of
     Youth. Tokyo: April 1984.

------. Office of the Prime Minister. Foreign Press Center
     Public Opinion Survey on Perception of Life. Tokyo:
     August 1984.

------. Office of the Prime Minister. Foreign Press Center
     Public Opinion Survey on the Family and the Home. Tokyo:
     January 1987.

------. Office of the Prime Minister. Foreign Press Center
     Public Opinion Survey on the Life of the Nation. Tokyo:
     December 1988.

Japan: An Illustrated Encyclopedia. (2 vols.) Tokyo:
     Kodansha, 1993.

"Japanese, American Approaches Differ on Aging, Long-Term Care,"
     JEI Report, No. 14A, April 10, 1992, 1-18.

Jeremy, Michael, and M.E. Robinson. Ceremony and Symbolism in
     the Japanese Home. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press,
     1989.

Kalland, Arne. Shingu: A Japanese Fishing Community.
     (Scandinavian Institute of Asian Studies, Monograph Series,
     No. 44.) London: Curzon Press, 1981.

Keifer, Christie W. "The Sanchi Zoku and the Evolution of the
     Metropolitan Mind." Pages 279-300 in Lewis Austin (ed.),
     Japan: The Paradox of Progress. New Haven: Yale
     University Press, 1976.

Kitagawa, Joseph. Religion in Japanese History. New York:
     Columbia University Press, 1966.

Knight, Richard V., and Gary Gappert (eds.). Cities in a Global
     Society (Urban Affairs Annual Reviews, No. 35.) Newbury
     Park, California: Sage, 1989.

Kodansha Encyclopedia of Japan. (9 vols.) Tokyo: Kodansha,
     1983.

Kondo, Dorinne K. Crafting Selves: Power, Gender, and
     Discourses of Identity in a Japanese Workplace. Chicago:
     University of Chicago Press, 1990.

Krauss, Ellis S., Thomas P. Rohlen, and Patricia G. Steinhoff
     (eds.). Conflict in Japan. Honolulu: University of
     Hawaii Press, 1984.

Kumagai, Fumie. "Filial Violence: A Peculiar Parent-Child
     Relationship in the Japanese Family Today," Journal of
     Comparative Family Studies [Alberta], 12, No. 3, Summer,
     1981, 337-50.

Large, Stephen S. Emperor Hirohito and Showa Japan: A Political
     Biography. (Nissan Institute/Routledge Japanese Studies
     Series.) London: Routledge, 1993.

Lebra, Joyce C., Joy Paulson, and Elizabeth Powers (eds.).
     Women in Changing Japan. (Westview Special Studies on
     China and East Asia.) Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1976.

Lebra, Takie Sugiyama. Japanese Women: Constraint and
     Fulfillment. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1984.

------. "Self-Reconstruction in Japanese Religious Psychotherapy."
     Pages 269-83 in Anthony J. Marsella and Geoffrey M. White
     (eds.), Cultural Conceptions of Mental Health and
     Therapy. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Reidel, 1982.

Lebra, Takie Sugiyama, and William P. Lebra (eds.). Japanese
     Culture and Behavior: Selected Readings. (Rev. ed.)
     Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1986.

Lent, John A. "Japanese Comics." Pages 221-42 in Richard Gid Powers
     and Hidetoshi Kato (eds.), Handbook of Japanese Popular
     Culture. New York: Greenwood Press, 1989.

Lock, Margaret. East Asian Medicine in Urban Japan.
     Berkeley: University of California Press, 1980.

------. "A Nation at Risk: Interpretations of School Refusal in
     Japan." Pages 377-414 in Margaret Lock and Deborah C. Gordon
     (eds.), Biomedicine Examined. Dordrecht, Netherlands:
     Kluwer Academic, 1988.

------. "Protests of a Good Wife and Wise Mother: The
     Medicalization of Distress in Japan." Pages 130-37 in Edward
     Norbeck and Margaret Lock (eds.), Health, Illness, and
     Medical Care in Japan: Cultural and Social Dimensions.
     Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1987.

Lock, Margaret, and Deborah C. Gordon (eds.). Biomedicine
     Examined. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic, 1988.

Long, Susan O. Fame, Fortune and Friends: Constraints and
     Strategies in the Careers of Japanese Physicians. (Ph.D.
     dissertation.) Urbana: University of Illinois, 1979.

------. Family Change and the Life Course in Japan.
     (Cornell University East Asia Papers, 8756-5293, No. 44.)
     Ithaca: China-Japan Program, Cornell University 1987.

Long, Susan O., and Bruce D. Long. "Curable Cancers and Fatal
     Ulcers: Attitudes Toward Cancer in Japan," Social Science
     and Medicine [Exeter, United Kingdom], 16, No. 24, 1982,
     2101-8.

Marsella, Anthony J., and Geoffrey M. White (eds.). Cultural
     Conceptions of Mental Health and Therapy. Dordrecht,
     Netherlands: Reidel, 1982.

Marsella, Anthony J., George A. DeVos, and Francis K. Hsu (eds.).
     Culture and Self: Asian and Western Perspectives.
     London: Tavistock, 1985.

Martin, Linda G. "The Graying of Japan," Population
     Bulletin, 44, No. 12, July 1989, 1-41.

Masai, Yasuo. "Greater Tokyo as a Global City." Pages 153-63 in
     Richard V. Knight and Gary Gappert (eds.), Cities in a
     Global Society. (Urban Affairs Annual Reviews, No. 35.)
     Newbury Park, California: Sage, 1989.

Matsuzawa, Tessei. "Street Labor Markets, Day Laborers, and the
     Structure of Opposition." Pages 147-64 in Gavan McCormack and
     Yoshio Sugimoto (eds.), The Japanese Trajectory:
     Modernization and Beyond. New York: Cambridge University
     Press, 1988.

May, William R. "Sports." Pages 167-95 in Richard Gid Powers and
     Hidetoshi Kato (eds.), Handbook of Japanese Popular
     Culture. New York: Greenwood Press, 1989.

McCormack, Gavan, and Yoshio Sugimoto (eds.). The Japanese
     Trajectory: Modernization and Beyond. New York: Cambridge
     University Press, 1988.

McDonald, Keiko I. "Popular Film." Pages 97-116 in Richard Gid
     Powers and Hidetoshi Kato (eds.), Handbook of Japanese
     Popular Culture. New York: Greenwood Press, 1989.

McKean, Margaret A. Environmental Protest and Citizen Politics
     in Japan. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1981.

Metraux, Daniel A. The History and Theology of Soka Gakkai: A
     Japanese New Religion. (Studies in Asian Thought and
     Religion, No. 9.) Lewiston, New York: Mellen Press, 1988.

Miller, Alan S. "Three Reports on Japan and the Global
     Environment," Environment, 31, No. 6, July-August
     1989, 25-29.

Mizuta, Kazuo. The Structures of Everyday Life in Japan in the
     Last Decade of the Twentieth Century. Lewiston, New York:
     Mellen, 1993.

Moeran, Brian. "Individual, Group, and Seishin: Japan's Internal
     Cultural Debate," Man [London], 19, No. 2, 1984,
     252-66. (Reprinted in Takie Sugiyama Lebra and William P.
     Lebra (eds.), Japanese Culture and Behavior: Selected
     Readings. (Rev. ed.) Honolulu: University of Hawaii
     Press, 1986.).

------. Lost Innocence: Folk Craft and Potters of Onta,
     Japan. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984.

------. Okubo Diary: Portrait of a Japanese Valley.
     Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1985.

Moore, Richard. Japanese Agriculture: Patterns of Rural
     Development. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1990.

Morioka, Kiyomi. "Privatization of Family Life in Japan." Pages
     63-74 in Harold W. Stevenson, Hiroshi Azuma, and Kenji Hakuta
     (eds.), Child Development and Education in Japan.
     (Books in Psychology Series.) New York: Freeman, 1986.

------. Religion in Changing Japanese Society. Tokyo:
     University of Tokyo Press, 1975.

Nagashima, Nobuhiro, Masao Yamaguchi, Noboru Miyata, Kazuhiko
     Komatsu, and Teruo Sekimoto (eds.). "An Anthropological
     Profile of Japan," Current Anthropology, 28, No. 4,
     August-October 1987, S1-S91.

Nakane Chie. Japanese Society. Berkeley: University of
     California Press, 1970.

"Native Perspectives of Distance and the Anthropological
     Perspective of Culture," Anthropological Quarterly,
     60, No. 1, 1987, 25-34.

Nikkei Biotechnology (ed.). Biotechnology Guide to Japan,
     1990-1991. New York: Stockton Press, 1990.

Nishi, Kazuo, and Kazuo Hozumi. What Is Japanese
     Architecture? (Trans., H. Mack Horton.) Tokyo: Kodansha,
     1985.

No, Toshio, and John C. Kimura (eds.). Japan: A Regional
     Geography of an Island Nation. (2d ed.) Tokyo: Teikoku-
     Shoin, 1989.

Noguchi, Paul H. Delayed Departures, Overdue Arrivals:
     Industrial Familialism and the Japanese National
     Railways. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1990.

Norbeck, Edward, and Margaret Lock (eds.). Health, Illness, and
     Medical Care in Japan: Cultural and Social Dimensions.
     Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1987.

Ohnuki-Tierney, Emiko. Illness and Culture in Contemporary
     Japan: An Anthropological View. Cambridge: Cambridge
     University Press, 1984.

------. The Monkey as Mirror: Symbolistic Transformations in
     Japanese History and Ritual. Princeton: Princeton
     University Press, 1987.

Oshima, Izumi. "Japan Draws a Line," World Press Review,
     36, No. 11, November 1989, 18.

Ozawa, Martha N. Women's Life Cycle and Economic Insecurity:
     Problems and Proposals. New York: Greenwood Press, 1989.

Palmer, Edwina. "The Changing Geography of Japan." Pages 195-219 in
     Graham P. Chapman and Kathleen M. Baker (eds.), The
     Changing Geography of Asia. London: Routledge, 1992.

Palmore, Erdman B., and Daisaku Maeda. The Honorable Elders
     Revisited. (Rev. ed.) Durham, North Carolina: Duke
     University Press, 1985.

Papinot, Edmond. Historical and Geographical Dictionary of
     Japan. Yokohama: Kelly and Walsh, 1910.

Park, Philip. "Japan Refuses Full Rights to Alien Residents,"
     Christian Century, 107, No. 8, March 7, 1990, 236-37.

Patrick, Hugh T. (ed.). Japanese Industrialization and Its
     Social Consequences. Berkeley: University of California
     Press, 1976.

Pelzel, John C. "Human Nature in the Japanese Myths." Pages 29-56
     in Albert M. Craig and Donald Shively (eds.), Personality
     in Japanese History. Berkeley: University of California
     Press, 1970.

Peterson, Michael R., and Larry L. Wade. "Environmental Pollution
     Policy in Japan: A Public Choice Hypothesis." Pages 71-90 in
     Alexander J. Groth and Larry L. Wade (eds.), Public Policy
     Across Nations: Social Welfare in Industrial Settings.
     Greenwich, Connecticut: JAI Press, 1985.

Plath, David W. Long Engagements: Maturity in Modern
     Japan. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1980.

------. "Resistance at Forty-eight: Male Pathways into Older Age in
     Modern Japan." (Paper presented at Luxembourg Conference on
     Life Course Transitions and Aging, June 1979.)

Plath, David W. (ed.). Work and Lifecourse in Japan.
     Albany: State University of New York Press, 1983.

Plath, David W., and Jacquetta Hill. "The Reefs of Rivalry:
     Expertness and Competition among Japanese Shellfish Divers,"
     Ethnology, 26, No. 3, July 1987, 151-63.

Population Reference Bureau. World Population Data Sheet,
     1989. Washington: 1988.

Powers, Richard Gid, and Hidetoshi Kato (eds.). Handbook of
     Japanese Popular Culture. New York: Greenwood Press,
     1989.

Reader, Ian, Esben Andreasen, and Finn Stefa'sson. Japanese
     Religions: Past and Present. Honolulu: University of
     Hawaii Press, 1993.

Reid, David. New Wine: The Cultural Shaping of Japanese
     Christianity. (Nazan Studies in Asian Religions, No. 2.)
     Berkeley: Asian Humanities Press, 1991.

Reischauer, Edwin O. The Japanese Today: Change and
     Continuity. Cambridge: Belknap Press Press, 1988.

Robins-Mowry, Dorothy. The Hidden Sun: Women of Modern
     Japan. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1983.

Rohlen, Thomas P. For Harmony and Strength: Japanese White
     Collar Organization in Anthropological Perspective.
     Berkeley: University of California Press, 1974.

Sakaiya, Taichi. What Is Japan? Contradictions and
     Transformations. (Trans., Steven Karpa.) New York:
     Kodansha, 1993.

Sanuki, Toshio. "Changing Fortunes of Occupations in Japan,"
     Japanese Economic Studies [Tokyo], 14, No. 2, Winter
     1985-86, 3-29.

Saso, Mary. Women in the Japanese Workplace. London:
     Hilary Shipman, 1980.

Schuhmacher, Stephan, and Gert Woerner (eds.). The Encyclopedia
     of Eastern Philosophy and Religion. Boston: Shambhala,
     1989.

Sennitt, Andrew G. (ed.). World Radio TV Handbook, 1993,
     47. Amsterdam: Billboard, 1993.

Shulman, Frank Joseph (ed.). Japan. (World Bibliographical
     Series, No. 103.) Santa Barbara, California: ABC-Clio, 1989.

Sievers, Sharon L. Flowers in the Salt: The Beginnings of
     Feminist Consciousness in Modern Japan. Stanford:
     Stanford University Press, 1983.

Smith, Charles. "Coming to Grips: Japan with Soviet Union on
     Disputed Islands," Far Eastern Economic Review [Hong
     Kong], 142, No. 52, December 29, 1988, 14.

------. "Four Bones of Contention: Moscow Recognizes Japan's
     Northern Islands Problem," Far Eastern Economic
     Review [Hong Kong], 141, No. 33, August 18, 1988, 24-25.

Smith, Robert J. Ancestor Worship in Contemporary Japan.
     Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1974.

------. Japanese Society: Tradition, Self, and the Social
     Order. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983.

------. Kurusu: The Price of Progress in a Japanese Village,
     1951-1975. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1978.

Smith, Robert J., and Ella Lury Wiswell. The Women of Suye
     Mura. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1982.

Sonoda Kyoichi. Health and Illness in Changing Japanese
     Society. Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press, 1988.

Steven, Rob. Classes in Contemporary Japan. Cambridge:
     Cambridge University Press, 1983.

Stevenson, Harold W., Hiroshi Azuma, and Kenji Hakuta (eds.).
     Child Development and Education in Japan. (Books in
     Psychology Series.) New York: Freeman, 1986.

Stronach, Bruce. "Japanese Television." Pages 127-65 in Richard Gid
     Powers and Hidetoshi Kato (eds.), Handbook of Japanese
     Popular Culture. New York: Greenwood Press, 1989.

Sun, Margaret. "Japan Prodded on the Environment,"
     Science, 241, No. 4862, July 15, 1988, 284.

Suzuki, Daisetz T. Zen and Japanese Culture. (Bollingen
     Series, No. 64.) Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1959.

Suzuki, Takao. "Language and Behavior in Japan: The
     Conceptualization of Personal Relations," Japan
     Quarterly, 23, No. 3, July-September 1976, 255-66.
     (Reprinted in Takie Sugiyama Lebra and William P. Lebra
     (eds.), Japanese Culture and Behavior: Selected
     Readings. (Rev. ed.) Honolulu: University of Hawaii
     Press, 1986.).

Tobin, Joseph J., David Y.H. Hu, and Dana H. Davidson.
     Preschool in Three Cultures: Japan, China, and the United
     States. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989.

Tsuda, Hideo (ed.). Japan 1990: An International
     Comparison. (Japan Institute for Social and Economic
     Affairs.) Tokyo: Keizai Koho Center, 1990.

Tsuneta Yano Memorial Society. Nihon kokusei tokai, 1992
     (Charted Survey of Japan, 1992). Tokyo: 1992.

Tsunoda, Ryusaku, Wm. Theodore de Bary, and Donald Keene (comps.).
     Sources of Japanese Tradition. (Records of
     Civilization, Sources, and Studies.) New York: Columbia
     University Press, 1958.

Vogel, Ezra F. Japan's New Middle Class. (2d ed.)
     Berkeley: University of California Press, 1971.

Vogel, Suzanne H. "Professional Housewife: The Career of Urban 
     Middle Class Japanese Women," Japan Interpreter
     [Tokyo], 12, No. 1, Winter 1978, 16-43.

Wagatsuma, Hiroshi, and George A. DeVos. Heritage of Endurance:
     Family Patterns and Delinquency Formation in Urban Japan.
     Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984.

White, James W. The Demography of Sociopolitical Conflict in
     Japan, 1721-1846. (Japan Research Monograph, No. 12.)
     Berkeley: Institute of East Asian Studies, University of
     California, 1992.

------. The Sokagakkai and Mass Society. Stanford:
     Stanford University Press, 1970.

White, Merry. The Japanese Educational Challenge. New
     York: Free Press, 1987.

Yoneyama, Toshinao. "Basic Notions in Japanese Social Relations."
     (Occasional Papers, 1, No. 3.) Richmond, Indiana: Institute
     for Education on Japan, Earlham College, 1989.

    (Various issues of the following publications were also used in
the preparation of this chapter: Japan Institute of Labor,
Japan Labor Bulletin [Tokyo], 1981-89; Japan
Times [Tokyo], 1989-90; Mangajin, 1990; and New
York Times, 1987-90.)

Chapter 3

Abe, Yoshiya (ed.). Non-University Sector Higher Education in
     Japan. (Research Institute for Higher Education
     International Publication Series, No. 3.) Hiroshima: RIHE,
     Hiroshima University, 1989.

Adachi, Barbara Curtis. "Bunraku Basics," Japanese-American
     Society of Washington Bulletin, 33, No. 8, September
     1988, 1-5.

Addiss, Stephen. "The Role of Calligraphy in Japanese Society."
     Pages 30-37 in Words in Motion: Modern Japanese
     Calligraphy: An Exhibition by the Library of Congress and the
     Yomiuri Shimbun, June 15, 1984-September 15, 1984. Tokyo:
     Yomiuri Shimbun, 1984.

Amano, Ikuo. "Educational Crisis in Japan." Pages 23-43 in William
     K. Cummings, Edward R. Beauchamp, Shogo Ichikawa, Victor N.
     Kobayashi, and Morikazu Ushiogi (eds.). Educational
     Policies in Crisis: Japanese and American Perspectives.
     (Praeger Special Studies Series in Comparative Education.) New
     York: Praeger, 1986

Anderson, Ronald S. Education in Japan: A Century of Modern
     Development. (United States Department of Health,
     Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, Publication No.
     74-19110.) Washington: GPO, 1975.

------. Japan: Three Epochs of Modern Education. (United
     States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Bulletin
     No. 11.) Washington: GPO, 1959.

Aoyama, San'u. "Sho: Artistic, Creative Calligraphy."
     Pages 26-29 in Words in Motion: Modern Japanese
     Calligraphy: An Exhibition by the Library of Congress and the
     Yomiyuri Shimbun, June 15, 1984-September 15, 1984.
     Tokyo: Yomiuri Shimbun, 1984.

Asahi Shimbun. "Bunkazai, kokogaku, bunkasho" (Cultural Assets,
     Archaeology, Cultural Prizes). Pages 358-65 in Asahi
     Nenkan, 1989 (Asahi Yearbook, 1989). Tokyo: Asahi
     Shimbun, 1989.

Aso, Makoto, and Ikuo Amano. Education and Japan's
     Modernization. Tokyo: Japan Times, 1983.

August, Robert L. "Yobiko: Prep Schools for College
     Entrance in Japan." Pages 267-307 in Robert Leestma and
     Herbert J. Walberg (eds.), Japanese Educational
     Productivity, (Michigan Papers in Japanese Studies, No.
     22.) Ann Arbor: Center for Japanese Studies, University of
     Michigan, 1992.

Barrett, Gregory. Archetypes in Japanese Films.
     Selinsgrove, Pennsylvania: Susquehana University Press, 1989.

Beauchamp, Edward R. (ed.). Windows on Japanese Education.
     (Contributions to the Study of Education Series, No. 43.) New
     York: Greenwood, 1991.

Beauchamp, Edward R., and James M. Vardaman (eds.). Japanese
     Education since 1945: A Documentary Study. Armonk, New
     York: Sharpe, 1993.

Bibliography of Asian Studies. (Annuals 1984 through
     1986.) Ann Arbor: Association for Asian Studies, 1984-86.

Bock, Audie. "Japanese Film Genres." Pages 53-62 in Wimal
     Dissanayake (ed.), Cinema and Cultural Identity:
     Reflections on Film from Japan, India, and China. Lanham,
     Maryland: University Press of America, 1988.

Bognar, Botond. Contemporary Japanese Architecture: Its
     Development and Challenge. New York: Van Nostrand
     Reinhold, 1985.

Boocock, Sarane Spence. "Controlled Diversity: An Overview of the
     Japanese Preschool System," Journal of Japanese
     Studies, 15, No. 1, Winter 1989, 41-65.

Bornoff, Nick. "Juzo Itami, Film Director: The Gentle Art of Savage
     Satire," PHP Intersect [Tokyo], 4, No. 7, July 1988,
     28-32.

Boxer, Charles R. The Christian Century in Japan.
     Berkeley: University of California Press, 1974.

Brazell, Karen (ed.). Twelve Plays of the Noh and Kyogen
     Theaters. (Cornell University East Asia Papers, No. 50.)
     Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1988.

Brisard, Pierre. "Tange Kenzo: A Half Century of Architectural
     Achievements," Japan Quarterly [Tokyo], 31, No. 2,
     April-June 1984, 193.

Brown, Sidney DeVere. "Yasunari Kawabata (1899-1972)," World
     Literature Today, 62, No. 3, Summer 1988, 375-79.

Carpenter, Juliet Winters. "Tawara Machi: To Create Poetry Is to
     Live," Japan Quarterly [Tokyo], 36, No. 2, April-June
     1989, 193-99.

Chambers, Gail S., and William K. Cummings. Profiting from
     Education: Japan-United States Educational Ventures in the
     1980s. New York: Institute of International Education,
     1990.

Copeland, Rebecca L. "Uno Chiyo: Not Just `A Writer of Illicit
     Love'," Japan Quarterly [Tokyo], 35, No. 2,
     April-June 1988, 176-82.

Cummings, Milton C., Jr., and Richard S. Katz (eds.). The
     Patron States: Government and the Arts in Europe, North
     America, and Japan. New York: Oxford University Press,
     1987.

Cummings, William K. The Changing Academic Marketplace and
     University Reform in Japan. (Harvard Studies in
     Sociology.) New York: Garland, 1990.

Cummings, William K., Ikuo Amano, and Kazuyuki Kitamura, (eds.).
     Changes in the Japanese University: A Comparative
     Perspective. New York: Praeger, 1979.

Cummings, William K., Edward R. Beauchamp, Shogo Ichikawa, Victor
     N. Kobayashi, and Morikazi Ushiogi (eds.). Educational
     Policies in Crisis: Japanese and American Perspectives.
     (Praeger Special Studies Series in Comparative Education.) New
     York: Praeger, 1986.

"Daigaku nyushiki senta--Shiken to nyushiki kaikaku" (Center for
     University Entrance Examination--Examination Entrance Reform),
     Chuto kyoiku shiryo (Secondary Education Data)
     [Tokyo], No. 541, September 1988, 75-77.

DeCoker, Gary. "Japanese Preschools: Academic or Nonacademic."
     Pages 45-58 in James J. Shields (ed.), Japanese Schooling:
     Patterns of Socialization, Equality, and Political
     Control. University Park: Pennsylvania State University
     Press, 1989.

Desser, David. Eros plus Massacre: An Introduction to the
     Japanese New Wave Cinema. Bloomington: Indiana University
     Press, 1988.

DeVito, Alfred, and Masakata Ogawa, "A Japanese Education,"
     Science and Children, 26, No. 7, April 1989, 21-23.

Dissanayake, Wimal (ed.). Cinema and Cultural Identity:
     Reflections on Films from Japan, India, and China.
     Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1988.

Dore, Ronald P. Education in Tokugawa Japan. Ann Arbor:
     Center for Japanese Studies, University of Michigan, 1984.

------. "The Legacy of Tokugawa Education." Pages 99-131 in Marius
     B. Jansen (ed.), Changing Japanese Attitudes toward
     Modernization. Princeton: Princeton University Press,
     1969.

Dower, John W. The Elements of Japanese Design: A Handbook of
     Family Crests, Heraldry, and Symbolism. New York:
     Walker/Weatherhill, 1971.

Duke, Benjamin. The Japanese School: Lessons for Industrial
     America. New York: Praeger, 1986.

Duus, Masayo. "Totto-chan: The Little Girl at the Window,"
     Journal of Japanese Studies, 10, No. 1, Winter 1984,
     236-40.

Earle, Joe. An Introduction to Japanese Prints. London:
     Victoria and Albert Museum, 1980.

Frampton, Kenneth. New Waves of Japanese Architecture.
     (Catalogue No. 10.) New York: Institute for Architecture and
     Urban Studies, 1979.

Fujioka Hiroyasu. "The Search for Japanese Architecture in the
     Modern Ages," Japan Foundation Newsletter [Tokyo],
     15, No. 3, December 1987, 1-9.

Gessel, Van C. "Echoes of Feminine Sensibility in Literature,"
     Japan Quarterly [Tokyo], 35, No. 4, October-December
     1988, 410-16.

------. "Fumiko Enchi as Narrator," World Literature
     Today, 62, No. 3, Summer 1988, 380-85.

Goff, Janet E. "Performing Noh at the Vatican," Japan
     Quarterly [Tokyo], 36, No. 2, April-June 1989, 201-6.

Goldberg, Marilyn. "Recent Trends in Special Education in Tokyo."
     Pages 176-84 in James J. Shields (ed.), Japanese
     Schooling: Patterns of Socialization, Equality, and Political
     Control. University Park: Pennsylvania State University
     Press, 1989.

Goodman, David G. Japanese Drama and Culture in the 1960s: The
     Return of the Gods. Armonk, New York: Sharpe, 1988.

------. "Theater in Japan Today," World Literature Today,
     62, No. 3, Summer 1988, 418-20.

Griffin, Jane T. "Master Ceramics/Creative Prints: Two
     Characteristic Aspects of Contemporary Japanese Art." (Paper
     presented at Columbia University Faculty Seminar, May 9,
     1980.)

Harada, Jiro. A Glimpse of Japanese Ideals: Lectures on
     Japanese Art and Culture. Tokyo: Kokusai Bunka Shinkokai
     (Society for International Cultural Relations), 1937.

Haruna Akira. "Non-Fiction." Pages 37-41 in Isoda Koichi (ed.),
     A Survey of Japanese Literature. (Trans., Robert N.
     Huey.) Tokyo: Japan P.E.N. Club, 1984.

Hata, Hiromu. "Kyoiku kaikaku itsukasei" (The Five-Day School Week
     in the Educational Reform). Pages 138-47 in Kanzen Shukyu
     Futatsukasei Doyobi o Shakai no Kyujitsu ni Suru Suishin Kaigi
     (Congress for the Promotion of Saturdays as Holidays and Full
     Two-Day Weekends) (ed.), Yutori no jidai e (Toward an
     Era of Leisure). Tokyo: Nihon Hyoronsha, 1989.

Havens, Thomas R.H. Artist and Patron in Postwar Japan: Dance,
     Music, Theatre, and the Visual Arts, 1955-1980.
     Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1982.

------. "Government and the Arts in Contemporary Japan." Pages
     333-49 in Milton C. Cummings, Jr. and Richard S. Katz (eds.),
     The Patron State: Government and the Arts in Europe, North
     America, and Japan. New York: Oxford University Press,
     1987.

Hawkins, John. "Educational Demands and Institutional Response:
     Dowa Education in Japan." Pages 194-211 in James J. Shields
     (ed.), Japanese Schooling: Patterns of Socialization,
     Equality, and Political Control. University Park:
     Pennsylvania State University Press, 1989.

Hayashiya Seizo. Japanese Ceramics Today: Masterworks from the
     Kikachi Collection. Tokyo: Japan Foundation, 1983.

Hendry, Joy. Becoming Japanese: The World of the Pre-School
     Child. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1986.

Hinton-Braaten, Kathleen. "Kawai Kanjiro," Orientations
     [Hong Kong], 14, No. 11, November 1983, 28-41.

Honda, Isao. Monsho: Family Crests for Symbolic Design.
     Rutland, Vermont: Japan Publications Trading Company, 1963.

Horio Teruhisa. Educational Thought and Ideology in Modern
     Japan. (Ed. and trans., Steven Platzer.) Tokyo:
     University of Tokyo Press, 1988.

Hosaka Nobuto. "Gakko itsuka-sei to doyo jiyuhi no ma ni" (Between
     the Five-Day School Week and Free Saturdays). Pages 126-36 in
     Kanzen Shukyu Futatsukasei Doyobi o Shakai no Kyujitsu Ni Suru
     Suishin Kaigi (Congress for the Promotion of Saturdays as
     Holidays and Full Two-Day Weekends) (ed.), Yutori no jidai
     e (Toward an Era of Leisure). Tokyo: Nihon Hyoronsha,
     1989.

Hughes, David W. "Japanese Folksong Today: Visits to the Heart's
     Home Town," Japan Foundation Newsletter [Tokyo], 17,
     No. 3, January 1990, 9-13.

Iadicola, Peter. "Achieving Excellence, Efficiency, and Equity in
     Public Education: Lessions from Japan," American Asian
     Review, 11, No. 3, Fall 1993, 91-33.

Inoue Yasushi. "The Writer's Role in the Nuclear Age," Japan
     Quarterly [Tokyo], 31, No. 2, April-June 1984, 126-28.

Inoura Yoshinobu, and Kawatake Toshio. The Traditional Theater
     of Japan. (The Japan Foundation.) Tokyo: Weatherhill,
     1981.

Inui Yoshiaki (ed.). Gendai Togei no Kishu (Standard
     Bearers and Modern Ceramics). (Gendai Nihon no Tokei Series,
     No. 4.) Tokyo: Kodansha, 1982.

Inumaru Tadshi, and Yoshida Mitsukuni (eds.). The Traditional
     Crafts of Japan. (8 vol.) Tokyo: Diamond, 1992.

Irokawa Daikichi. The Culture of the Meiji Period.
     (Trans., Marius B. Jansen.) (Princeton Library of Asian
     Translations Series.) Princeton: Princeton University Press,
     1985.

Isoda Koichi. "The Novel." Pages 7-15 in Isoda Koichi (ed.),
     Survey of Japanese Literature Today. (Trans., Robert
     N. Huey.) Tokyo: Japan P.E.N. Club, 1984.

Iwamoto, Yoshio. "Yoshikichi Furui: Exemplar of the `Introverted
     Generation'," World Literature Today, 62, No. 3,
     Summer 1988, 385-90.

Iwamoto, Yoshio, and Samuel Yoshiko Yokochi. "Introduction to
     Japanese Writing, 1974-1984," Literary Review, 30,
     No. 2, Winter 1987, 133-40.

Iwanaga, Masaya. "Finance and Administration in the Non-University
     Sector." Pages 45-55 in Yoshiya Abe (ed.), Non-University
     Sector Higher Education in Japan. (Research Institute for
     Higher Education International Publication Series, No. 3.)
     Hiroshima: RIHE, Hiroshima University, 1989.

------. "Quantitative Transitions in the Post Secondary Education
     System." Pages 12-20 in Yoshiya Abe (ed.), Non-University
     Sector Higher Education in Japan. (Research Institute for
     Higher Education International Publications Series, No. 3.)
     Hiroshima: RIME, Hiroshima University, 1989.

Izumi Katsuhiko. "Whither the Traditions of Local Pottery?"
     Japan Quarterly [Tokyo], 36, No. 3, July-September
     1989, 287-93.

Jagusch, Sybille A. (ed.). Japanese Children's Books and
     Television Today: Papers from a Symposium at the Library of
     Congress, November 18-19, 1987. Washington: Library of
     Congress, 1990.

Jansen, Marius B. (ed.). Changing Japanese Attitudes Toward
     Modernization. Princeton: Princeton University Press,
     1969.

Japan. Management and Coordination Agency. Statistics Bureau.
     Nihon tokei nenkan, Shawa 63 (Japan Statistical
     Yearbook, 1988). Tokyo: Sorifu, Tokeikyoku, 1989.

------. Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture. Education
     in Japan: A Graphic Presentation. Tokyo: 1982.

------. Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture. Gakko
     kihon chosa hokokusho, 1989 (Fundamental School Survey,
     1989). Tokyo: 1989.

------. Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture. Gakko
     kihon chosa hokokusho, 1991 (Fundamental School Survey,
     1991). Tokyo: 1991.

------. Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture. Monbu
     jiho (Education Review) [Tokyo], No. 1353, October 1989,
     64.

------. Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture. Monbusho,
     1989. Tokyo: 1989.

------. Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture. Monbusho,
     1992. Tokyo: 1992.

------. Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture. Monbu
     tokei yoran (Statistical Abstract of Education). Tokyo:
     1989.

------. Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture. Monbu
     tokei yoran (Statistical Abstract of Education). Tokyo:
     1991.

------. Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture. Outline of
     Education in Japan, 1989. Tokyo: Asian Cultural Centre
     for UNESCO, 1989.

------. Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture. Shogakko
     shidosho, dotokuhen (Guidebook for Teachers: Elementary
     School Moral Education). Tokyo: 1989.

------. Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture. Waga kuni
     no shakai kyoiku (Social Education in Japan). Tokyo:
     1988.

------. Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture. Agency for
     Cultural Affairs. Cultural Affairs and Administration in
     Japan, 1988. Tokyo: 1988.

------. Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture. Agency for
     Cultural Affairs. Waga kuni no bunka to bunkagyosei
     (Japanese Culture and Cultural Policy). Tokyo: 1988.

------. Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture. Higher
     Education Bureau. University Education Division. "Showa
     63-nendo kokko (shi)ritsu daigaku nyushiki senbatsu jisshi
     jokyo ni tsuite" (The Situation of College Entrance
     Examinations and Selection in the National, Other Public (and
     Private) Universities in Japan in 1988), Chuto kyoiku
     shiryo (Secondary Education Data) [Tokyo], No. 540,
     August 1988, 74-77.

------. Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture. Minister's
     Secretariat. Research and Statistics Division. Statistical
     Abstract of Education, Science and Culture. Tokyo: 1988.

------. Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture. Minister's
     Secretariat. Research, Statistics, and Planning Division.
     Education in Japan, 1989. Tokyo: 1989.

------. Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture. Minister's
     Secretariat. Research, Statistics, and Planning Division.
     Heisei 3 nendo, gakko kihon chosa hokokusho
     (Fundamental School Survey, 1991). Tokyo: 1991.

------. Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture. Minister's
     Secretariat. Statistics Bureau. Showa 60-nen jido, seito
     gakkogai gakushu katsudo (1985 Survey of Students'
     Out-of-School Learning Activities). Tokyo: 1986.

------. Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture. Special
     Education Division. Elementary and Secondary Education Bureau.
     Special Education in Japan. Tokyo: 1988.

------. National Public Safety Commission. National Police Agency.
     (Untitled advertisement warning youth to stay away from
     drugs.) Shukan Asahi [Tokyo], July 22, 1988, 54.

------. Secretariat of the Prime Minister. Public Information
     Department. Shuki nyugaku ni kansuru seron chosa
     (Public Opinion on Autumn School Entrance). Tokyo: 1988.

Japan Cultural and Trade Center. "Noh and Kyogen Lecture and
     Demonstration." Tokyo, April 10, 1988, 8 pp.

Japan Education Yearbook Publishing Committee. Nihon kyoiku
     nenkan, 1992 (Japan Education Yearbook, 1992). Tokyo:
     1992.

Japan: An Illustrated Encyclopedia. (2 vols.) Tokyo:
     Kodansha, 1993.

Jerome, Marty. "TRONs Global Net," PC Computing, 2, No.
     12, December 1989, 178.

Kami Shoichiro. "Children's Literature." Pages 31-36 in Isoda
     Koichi (ed.), A Survey of Japanese Literature.
     (Trans., Robert N. Huey.) Tokyo: Japan P.E.N. Club, 1984.

Kaneko Motohisa. Financing Higher Education in Japan.
     (Research Institute for Higher Education International
     Publications Series, No. 4.) Hiroshima: RIHE, Hiroshima
     University, 1989.

------. "The Role of Government in Japanese Higher Education:
     Issues and Prospects." Pages 21-38 in The Role of
     Government in Asian Higher Education Systems: Issues and
     Prospects, Reports from the Fourth International Seminar on
     Higher Education in Asia. Hiroshima: Research Institute
     for Higher Education, Hiroshima University, 1988.

Kaneko Motohisa (comp.). Koto kyoiku tokei de-tashu
     (Higher Education Statistical Data Collection). Hiroshima:
     Research Institute for Higher Education, Hiroshima University,
     1989.

Kanzen Shukyu Futatsukasei Doyobi o Shakai no Kyujitsu ni Suru
     Suishin Kaigi (Congress for the Promotion of Saturdays as
     Holidays and Full Two-Day Weekends) (ed.). Yutori no jidai
     e (Toward an Era of Leisure). Tokyo: Nihon Hyoronsha,
     1989.

Kawamoto Saburo. New Trends in Japanese Cinema.
     (Orientation Seminars on Japan, No. 21.), Tokyo: Japan
     Foundation, 1986.

Keene, Donald. The Pleasures of Japanese Literature.
     (Companions to Asian Studies Series.) New York: Columbia
     University Press, 1988.

------. World Within Walls: Japanese Literature of the
     Pre-modern Era, 1600-1867. New York: Grove Press, 1978.

Keene, Donald (ed.). Anthology of Japanese Literature. New
     York: Grove Press, 1960.

------. Modern Japanese Literature. New York: Grove Press,
     1960.

Kida Hiroshi. School Lunch Programme in Japan. (Occasional
     Papers, No. 2.). Tokyo: National Institute for Educational
     Research, 1982.

Kishibe Shigeo. The Traditional Music of Japan. Tokyo:
     Japan Foundation, 1982.

Kitamura, Kazuyuki. "Decline and Reform of Education in Japan: A
     Comparative Perspective." Pages 153-70 in William K. Cummings,
     Edward R. Beauchamp, Shogo Ichikawa, Victor N. Kobayashi, and
     Morikazi Ushiogi (eds.), Educational Policies in
     Crisis. (Praeger Special Studies Series in Comparative
     Education.) New York: Praeger, 1986.

------. "The Structure of the Post Secondary Education System."
     Pages 20-25 in Yoshiya Abe (ed.), Non-University Sector
     Higher Education in Japan. (Research Institute for Higher
     Education International Publication Series, No. 3.) Hiroshima:
     RIHE, Hiroshima University, 1989.

Kitamura, Kazuyuki, and Ryoichi Kuroha. "The Present Status of
     Higher Education." Pages 1-11 in Yoshiya Abe (ed.),
     Non-University Sector Higher Education in Japan.
     (Research Institute for Higher Education International
     Publication Series, No. 3.) Hiroshima: RIHE, Hiroshima
     University, 1989.

Kobayashi, Tetsuya. "The Internationalization of Japanese
     Education," Comparative Education [Oxford], 22, No.
     1, 1986, 65-71.

Kodansha Encyclopedia of Japan. (9 vols.) Tokyo: Kodansha,
     1983.

Kodansha Staff (eds.). Contemporary Japanese Prints.
     Tokyo: Kodansha, 1989.

Kokuritsu Daigaku Kyokai, et al. (eds.). Showa 64 nendoban
     kokkoritsu daigaku gaidobukku (1989 Guide to the National
     and other Public Universities in Japan). Tokyo: Dai-ichi Hoki,
     1989.

Konaka, Yotaro. "Japanese Atomic-Bomb Literature," World
     Literature Today, 62, No. 3, Summer 1988, 420-24.

Konishi Jun'ichi. "The Art of Renga," Journal of Japanese
     Studies, 2, No. 1, Autumn 1975, 33-61.

Koplos, Janet. "Mono-ha and the Power of Materials: Japan's Vital
     New Sculpture Bridges East and West," New Art
     Examiner, 15, June 1988, 29-32.

Kukusai Bunka Kaikan (ed.). Modern Japanese Literature in
     Translation: A Bibliography. Tokyo: Kodansha, 1979.

Kuniyoshi Kazuko. An Overview of the Contemporary Japanese
     Dance Scene. (Orientation Seminars on Japan, No. 19.),
     Tokyo: Japan Foundation, 1985.

Leestma, Robert, and Herbert J. Walberg (eds.). Japanese
     Educational Productivity. (Michigan Papers in Japanese
     Studies, No. 22.) Ann Arbor: Center for Japanese Studies,
     University of Michigan, 1992.

Leestma, Robert, Robert August, Betty George, and Lois Peak.
     Japanese Education Today. (United States Department
     of Education. Office of Educational Research and Improvement.)
     Washington: GPO, 1987.

Lepkowski, Wil. "Japan's Science and Technology Aim Toward
     Globalization," Chemical and Engineering News, 67,
     No. 19, May 8, 1989, 7-14.

Lewis, Catherine C. "From Indulgence to Internalization: Social
     Control in the Early School Years," Journal of Japanese
     Studies, 15, No. 1, Winter 1989, 139-57.

Malm, William. "Some of Japan's Music and Musical Principles."
     Pages 48-62 in Elizabeth May (ed.), Music of Many
     Cultures: An Introduction. Berkeley: University of
     California Press, 1980.

Matsubara, Tasuya (ed.). Haha to ko no asobi (Games for
     Mothers and Children). (2 vols.) Tokyo: Fure-beru Kan, 1985.

Matsui, Masato, Minako I. Song, Tomoyoshi Kurakawa, and Albert
     Ikoma. Japanese Performing Arts: An Annotated
     Bibliography. Honolulu: Center for Asian and Pacific
     Studies, Council for Japanese Studies, University of Hawaii,
     1981.

May, Elizabeth (ed.). Music of Many Cultures: An
     Introduction. Berkeley: University of California Press,
     1980.

Mertel, Timothy. "Surinomo: Ukiyo-e Refine," Arts of Asia
     [Hong Kong], 17, No. 5, September-October 1987, 80-88.

Mikami, Tsugio. The Art of Japanese Ceramics. (Heibonsha
     Survey of Japanese Art Series, No. 29.) Tokyo: Heibansha; New
     York: Weatherhill, 1972.

Miki Tamon. Masterpieces in the Museum of Modern Art of Japan
     since 1950: Sculpture. Tokyo: Keishosha, 1985.

Minemura, Toshiaki. "A Blast of Nationalism in the Seventies."
     Pages 16-24 in Art in Japan Today, 2. Tokyo: Japan
     Foundation, 1984.

Miner, Earl, Horoko Odagiri, and Robert E. Morrell. The
     Princeton Companion to Classical Japanese Literature.
     Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1985.

Miyashita, Nohuo. "East Meets West in the Theatre," Japan
     Quarterly [Tokyo], 35, No. 2, April-June 1988, 184-90.

Mori Hideo. "Theatre." Pages 24-30 in Isoda Koichi (ed.), A
     Survey of Japanese Literature. (Trans., Robert N. Huey.)
     Tokyo: Japan P.E.N. Club, 1984.

Munroe, Alexandra (ed.). Contemporary Japanese Art in
     America. New York: Japan Society, 1987.

------. Shinohara. (Catalogue of an Exhibition at Japan
     House.) New York: Japan Society, 1982.

Nakahara Yusuke. "Japanese Contemporary Art and its Milieu:
     Focusing on the Seventies." Pages 11-15 in Art in Japan
     Today, 2. Tokyo: Japan Foundation, 1984.

Narumiya, Chie. "Opportunities for Girls and Women in Japanese
     Education," Comparative Education [Oxford], 22, No.
     1, 1986, 47-52.

Nishi, Kazuo, and Kazuo Hozumi. What is Japanese
     Architecture? (Trans., H. Mack Horton.) Tokyo: Kondansha,
     1985.

Oe Atsuyoshi. "The Employment of Graduates of Non-University Sector
     Institutions." Pages 56-65 in Yoshiya Abe (ed.), Non-
     University Sector Higher Education in Japan. (Research
     Institute for Higher Education International Publication
     Series, No. 3.) RIHE, Hiroshima: Hiroshima University, 1989.

Oe Kenzaburo. "Japan's Dual Identity," World Literature 
     Today, 62, No. 3, Summer 1988, 359-69.

------. "Postwar Japanese Literature and the Contemporary Impasse,"
     Japan Foundation Newsletter [Tokyo], 14, No. 3,
     October 1986, 1-6.

Ohashi Ryosuke. "Philosophical Reflections on Japan's Cultural
     Context," Japan Echo [Tokyo], 16, No. 1, Spring 1989,
     71-78.

Oka, Makoto. "Contemporary Japanese Poetry," World Literature
     Today, 62, No. 3, Summer 1988, 414-17.

Okada, Shinoda, and Tsutaka: Three Pioneers of Abstract
     Painting in 20th Century Japan. Washington: Phillips
     Collection, 1979.

Otsuka Eiji. "Comic-Book Formula for Success," Japan
     Quarterly [Tokyo], 35, No. 3, July-September 1988,
     287-91.

Ozaki Hotsuki. "Popular Literature." Pages 16-23 in Isoda Koichi
     (ed.), A Survey of Japanese Literature. (Trans.,
     Robert N. Huey.) Tokyo: Japan P.E.N. Club, 1984.

Papadakis, Maria. The Science and Technology Resources of
     Japan: A Comparison with the United States. (Surveys of
     Science Resources.) Washington: Division of Science Resource
     Studies, National Science Foundation, 1988.

Passin, Herbert. Society and Education in Japan. Tokyo:
     Kodansha, 1982.

Peak, Lois. "Learning to Become Part of the Group: The Japanese
     Child's Transition to Preschool Life," Journal of Japanese
     Studies, 15, No. 1, Winter 1989, 93-123.

------. Learning to Go to School in Japan: The Transition from
     Home to Preschool Life. Berkeley: University of
     California Press, 1992.

Pilgrim, Richard B. Buddhism and the Arts of Japan. (2d
     rev. ed.) Chambersburg, Pennsylvania: Anima, 1993.

Powers, Richard Gid, and Hidetoshi Kato (eds.). Handbook of
     Japanese Popular Culture. New York: Greenwood Press,
     1989.

Rayns, Tony. "New Mornings and Afternoon Breezes: The Rise of Young
     Japanese Film Makers," Japan Foundation Newsletter
     [Tokyo], 17, No. 1, August 1989, 7-8, 17.

Reischauer, Edwin O. Japan: The Story of a Nation. (First
     Tuttle Edition.) Rutland, Vermont: Tuttle, 1971.

------. The Japanese. Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard
     University Press, 1977.

Richie, Donald. "Japanese Cinema." Pages 19-31 in Wimal Dissanayake
     (ed.), Cinema and Cultural Identity: Reflections on Films
     from Japan, India, and China. Lanham, Maryland:
     University Press of America, 1988.

Riggs, Lynne E. "The Idioms of Contemporary Japan XVIII: Ranjuku
     jidai." Japan Interpreter [Tokyo], 11, No. 4, Spring
     1977, 541-49.

Rimer, J. Thomas. A Reader's Guide to Japanese Literature.
     Tokyo: Kodansha, 1988.

Rimer, J. Thomas (ed.). Multiple Meanings: The Written Word in
     Japan, Past, Present, and Future: A Selection of Papers on
     Japanese Language and Culture and Their Translations Presented
     at the Library of Congress. Washington: Asian Division,
     Library of Congress, 1986.

Rimer, J. Thomas, and Keiko McDonald. Teaching Guide for
     Japanese Literature on Film. New York: Japan Society,
     1989.

Rohlen, Thomas P. Japan's High Schools. Berkeley:
     University of California Press, 1983.

Rohlen, Thomas P., et al. "Symposium: Social Control and Early
     Socialization," Journal of Japanese Studies, 15, No.
     1, Winter 1989, 1-157.

Ross, Michael Franklin. Beyond Metabolism: The New Japanese
     Architecture. (Architectural Record Books.) New York:
     McGraw-Hill, 1978.

Rubinger, Richard. Private Academies of Tokugawa Japan.
     Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1982.

Saeki Shoichi. "Hidden Dimensions in Modern Japanese Literature."
     (Orientation Seminars on Japan, No. 18.), Tokyo: Japan
     Foundation, 1985.

------. "Japanese Culture in Seventeen Syllables," Japan
     Echo [Tokyo], 16, No. 1, Spring 1989, 79-84.

Sakurai, Emiko. "Japan's New Generation of Writers," World
     Literature Today, 62, No. 3, Summer 1988, 403.

Sanford, James H., William R. LaFluer, and Masatoshi Nagatomi
     (eds.). Flowing Traces: Buddhism in the Literary and
     Visual Arts in Japan. Princeton: Princeton University
     Press, 1992.

Sansom, George B. Japan: A Short Cultural History. New
     York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1962.

Sato Tadao. "Change in the Image of Mother in Japanese Cinema and
     Television." Pages 63-69 in Wimal Dissanayake (ed.),
     Cinema and Cultural Identity: Reflections on Films From
     Japan, India, and China. Lanham, Maryland: University
     Press of America, 1988.

------. "The Multilayered Nature of the Tradition of Acting in
     Japanese Cinema." Pages 45-52 in Wimal Dissanayake (ed.),
     Cinema and Cultural Identity: Reflections on Films from
     Japan, India, and China. Lanham, Maryland: University
     Press of America, 1988.

------. "The New Flowering of Japanese Films," Japan Foundation
     Newsletter [Tokyo], 11, No. 3, September 1983, 1-6.

Sawada Toshio. "Kokusai-teki ni mita waga kuni no kyoiku suijun"
     (Japan's Educational Level Seen Internationally), Kyoiku
     to joho (Education and Information) [Tokyo], No. 373,
     April 1989, 8-13.

Schoppa, Leonard J. Education Reform in Japan: A Case of
     Immobilist Politics. (Nissan Institute/Routledge Japanese
     Studies Series.) London: Routledge, 1991.

Segraves, Julia. "The Lacquer Work of Suzuki Mustumi," Arts of
     Asia [Hong Kong], 17, No. 5, September-October 1987, 109-
     15.

Senda Akihiko. "Experiments in Cross-Cultural Theatre," Japan
     Quarterly [Tokyo], 36, No. 3, July-September 1989,
     311-14.

------. "Metamorphoses in Contemporary Japanese Theatre: Life-size
     and More-than-life-size." (Orientation Seminars on Japan, No.
     22.) Tokyo: Japan Foundation, 1986.

Sengoku Tamotsu, et al. (eds.). Nichibei chugakusei hahaoya
     hokokusho, 1985 (Report on Middle School Students and
     Their Mothers in the United States and Japan, 1985). Tokyo:
     Nihon Seishonen Kenkyusho and Seimei Hoken Bunka Senta, 1985.

Shibata Minao, and Tokumaru Yoshihiko. "Cross Currents in Japanese
     Music: Japan's Musical Substructure," Japan Echo
     [Tokyo], 15, No. 1, Spring 1988, 71-76.

Shields, James J. (ed.). Japanese Schooling: Patterns of
     Socialization, Equality, and Political Control.
     University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1989.

Shimahara, Nobuo. "Toward the Equality of a Japanese Minority: The
     Case of Burakumin," Comparative Education [Oxford],
     20, No. 3, 1984, 339-53.

"Showa 63 nendo gogaku shido nado o okonau gaikoku seinen shochi
     jigyo (JET puroguranu) ni tsuite" (On the 1988 JET Program to
     Invite Foreign Youth for Such Activities as Language
     Teaching). Chuto kyoiku shiryo (Secondary Education
     Data) [Tokyo], No. 9, 1988, 78-79.

Shozo Kawai (ed.). Contemporary Japanese Prints. Tokyo:
     Kodansha, 1983.

Shulman, Frank Joseph (ed.). Japan. (World Bibliographical
     Series, No. 103.) Santa Barbara, California: ABC-Clio, 1989.

Simmons, Cyril. Growing Up and Going to School in Japan:
     Tradition and Trends. Bristol, Pennsylvania: Open
     University Press, 1990.

Sipe, Jeffery R. "Making Films All in the Name of Making Friends,"
     Far Eastern Economic Review [Hong Kong], 141, No. 34,
     August 25, 1988, 34-35.

Smith, Laurence. Contemporary Japanese Prints: Symbols of a
     Society in Transition. New York: Harper and Row, 1985.

Stevenson, Harold W., et al. "Learning to Read in Japan." Pages
     217-35 in Harold W. Stevenson, Hiroshi Azuma, and Kenji Hakuta
     (eds.), Child Development and Education in Japan. (A
     Series in Psychology, Center for Advanced Study in the
     Behavioral Sciences, Stanford.) New York: Freeman, 1986.

Stevenson, Harold W., Hiroshi Azuma, and Kenji Hakuta (eds.).
     Child Development and Education in Japan. New York:
     Freeman, 1986.

Stewart, David B. The Making of a Modern Japanese Architecture:
     1868 to Present. Tokyo: Kodansha, 1987.

Stronach, Bruce. "Japanese Television." Pages 127-65 in Richard Gid
     Powers and Hidetoshi Kato (eds.), Handbook of Japanese
     Popular Culture. New York: Greenwood Press, 1989.

Sugawara, Nobuo. "Takano Etsuko: Protector of Fine Cinema,"
     Japan Quarterly [Tokyo], 36, No. 3, July-September
     1989, 306-10.

Swartz, John, Joshua Hammer, Michael Reese, and Bill Powell. "Japan
     Goes Hollywood," Newsweek, 114, No. 15, October 9,
     1989, 62-67.

Tachi, Akira. "The Content of Education in the Non-University
     Sector." Pages 26-34 in Yoshiya Abe (ed.), Non-University
     Sector Higher Education in Japan. (Research Institute for
     Higher Education International Publication Series, No. 3.)
     Hiroshima: RIHE, Hiroshima University, 1989.

Tada, Michitaro. "The Destiny of Samurai Films." Pages 33-43 in
     Wimal Dissanayake (ed.), Cinema and Cultural Identity:
     Reflections on Films from Japan, India, and China.
     Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1988.

Takashina Shuji. "Japan and the Avant-Garde," Japan Foundation
     Newsletter [Tokyo], 14, No. 4, December 1986, 1-8.

Takashina Shuji, J. Thomas Rimer, and Gerald D. Bolas. Paris in
     Japan: The Japanese Encounter with European Painting.
     (Catalog of an exhibition held at Washington University
     Gallery of Art, St. Louis, October 2, 1987-November 22, 1987;
     Japan House Gallery, New York, December 11, 1987-February 7,
     1988; and Wright Art Gallery, University of California at Los
     Angeles, February 21, 1958-April 3, 1988.) Tokyo: Japan
     Foundation, 1987.

Takashina Shuji, Yoshiaki Tono, and Nakahara Yusuke (eds.). Art
     in Japan Today. Tokyo: Japan Foundation, 1974.

Takaya, Ted T. (ed. and trans.). Modern Japanese Drama: An
     Anthology. New York: Columbia University Press, 1979.

Tange Kenzo. "In Search of New Architecture," Japan
     Quarterly [Tokyo], 31, No. 4, October-December 1984,
     406-9.

Tazawa Yutaka (ed.). Biographical Dictionary of Japanese
     Art. Tokyo: International Society for Educational
     Information, 1981.

Thornton, Richard S. The Graphic Spirit of Japan. New
     York: Van Nostrand, 1991.

Tobin, Joseph J., David Y.H. Hu, and Dana H. Davidson.
     Preschool in Three Cultures: Japan, China, and the United
     States. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989.

Tsuda, Noritake. Handbook of Japanese Art. Rutland,
     Vermont: Tuttle, 1976.

Tsukada, Mamoru. "Institutionalized Supplementary Education in
     Japan: The Yobiko and Ronin Student Adaptations,"
     Comparative Education [Oxford], 24, No. 3, 1988,
     285-303.

------. Yobiko Life: A Study of the Legitimation Process of
     Social Stratification in Japan. Berkeley: Institute of
     East Asian Studies, University of California, 1991.

Tsunoda, Ryusaku Wm., Theodore de Bary, and Donald Keene (comps.).
     Services of Japanese Tradition. (Records of
     Civilization, Sources, and Studies.) New York: Columbia
     University Press, 1958.

Tsurumi, Shunsuke. A Cultural History of Postwar Japan,
     1945-1980. London and New York: KPI, 1987.

Tsuruta Kin'ya. "The Women on the other Side: Modern Japanese
     Literature, Search for the Prostitute Bodhisattva," Japan
     Foundation Newsletter [Tokyo], 13, No. 2, August 1985,
     1-8.

Ueda, Makoto. Modern Japanese Poets. Stanford: Stanford
     University Press, 1983.

Uenami Wataru. "The Characteristics of Japanese Postwar Music."
     (Orientation Seminars on Japan, No. 20.) Tokyo: Japan
     Foundation, 1985.

United States. Library of Congress. Words in Motion: Modern
     Japanese Calligraphy: An Exhibition by the Library of Congress
     and the Yomiuri Shimbun, June 15, 1984-September 15,
     1984. Tokyo: Yomiuri Shimbun, 1984.

University of the Air, 1989. Chiba: The University of the
     Air, 1989.

Uyehara, Cecil H. "The Rite of Japanese Calligraphy and the Modern
     Age," Oriental Art [Richmond, Surrey, United
     Kingdom]. (New Series, No. 33.) Summer 1987, 174-82.

Wada Takashi. "Dostoyevsky's The Idiot in Tokyo,"
     Japan Quarterly [Tokyo], 36, No. 3, July-September
     1989, 315-19.

Wheeler, Donald F. "Japan's Postmodern Student Movement." Pages
     194-211 in William K. Cummings, Ikuo Amano, and Kazuyuki
     Kitamura (eds.), Changes in the Japanese University: A
     Comparative Perspective. New York: Praeger, 1979.

Wysocki, Bernard, Jr. "Japanese Producer Sets Sights on Hollywood
     and Broadway," Asian Wall Street Journal Weekly [Hong
     Kong], December 25, 1989, 9.

Yanagisawa Yasumasa. "Namikawa Banri: Photographing the Silk Road,"
     Japan Quarterly [Tokyo], 35, No. 4, October-December
     1988, 428-31.

Yasuda Yasei. "Tokyo on and under the Bay," Japan
     Quarterly [Tokyo], 35, No. 2, April-June 1988, 118-26.

Yawata Kazuo. "Why and Where to Relocate the Capital," Japan
     Quarterly [Tokyo], 35, No. 2, April-June 1988, 127-32.

Yoshida Kozo. Enamelled Porcelain of Modern Japan. Tokyo:
     National Museum of Modern Art, 1979.

Yoshida, Sanraku. "An Interview with Kenzaburo Oe," World
     Literature Today, 62, No. 3, Summer 1988, 369-74.

Zako, Jun. "International Tenor: Ichihara Taro," Japan
     Quarterly [Tokyo], 36, No. 1, January-March 1989, 92-94.

    (Various issues of the following publications were also used in
the preparation of this chapter: Bank of Japan, Economic
Statistics Annual [Tokyo], 1977-89; Ministry of Education,
Science, and Culture, Statistical Abstract of
the Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture, 1980-89;
Japan Architect [Tokyo], 1980-89; Japan Times
Weekly [Tokyo], 1988-89; Japan Times Weekly Magazine
[Tokyo], 1988-89; Japan Update [Tokyo], 1988-89; Look
Japan [Tokyo], 1987-89; New York Times, 1980-89; and
Washington Post, 1980-89.)

Chapter 4

Abeggleu, James C., and George Stalk, Jr. Kaisha: The Japanese
     Corporation: How Marketing, Money and Manpower Strategy, No
     Management Style, Make the Japanese World Pace Setters.
     New York: Basic Books, 1985.

Adams, Thomas Francis Merton, and Iwao Hoshii. A Financial
     History of New Japan. Tokyo: Kodansha, 1972.

Alexander, Arthur. Of Tanks and Toyotas: An Assessment of
     Japan's Defense Industry. (Rand Note N-3542-AF.) Santa
     Moncia, California: Rand, 1993.

Alexander, Arthur J. Comparative Innovation in Japan and in the
     United States. Santa Monica, California: Center for U.S.-
     Japan Relations, Rand, 1990.

Allen, G.C. Japan's Economic Policy. New York: Holmes and
     Meier, 1980.

------. A Short Economic History of Modern Japan. (4th
     ed.) New York: St. Martin's Press, 1981.

Anchordoguy, Marie. Computers, Inc.: Japan's Challenge to
     IBM. (Harvard East Asian Monographs, No. 144.) Cambridge:
     Harvard University Press, 1990.

"Annual Review of Japanese Industry," Journal of Japanese Trade
     and Industry [Tokyo], 9, No. 1, January-February 1990,
     2-39.

Asia 1990 Yearbook. (Ed., Michael Malik.) Hong Kong:
     Review, 1990.

Ballon, Robert J. (ed.). Marketing in Japan. (Rev. ed.)
     Tokyo: Kodansha, 1973.

Ballon, Robert J., and Iwao Tomita. The Financial Behavior of
     Japanese Corporations. Tokyo: Kodansha, 1988.

Bank of Japan. Research and Statistics Department. Keizai tokei
     nenpo, 1990 (Economic Statistics Annual, 1990). Tokyo:
     1991.

Barnds, William J. (ed.). Japan and the United States:
     Challenges and Opportunities. (Council on Foreign
     Relations Books.) New York: New York University Press, 1979.

Belassa, Bela, and Marcus Noland. Japan in the World
     Economy. Washington: Institute for International
     Economics, 1988.

Bibliography of Asian Studies. (Annuals 1984 through
     1986.) Ann Arbor: Association for Asian Studies, 1984-86.

Blaker, Michael. Japanese International Negotiating Style.
     (Studies of the East Asian Institute, Columbia University.)
     New York: Columbia University Press, 1977.

Boger, Karl. Postwar Industrial Policy in Japan: An Annotated
     Bibliography. Metuchen, New Jersey: Scarecrow Press,
     1988.

Boltho, Andrea. Japan: An Economic Survey, 1953-1973.
     (Economies of the World Series.) London: Oxford University
     Press, 1974.

Brokenbrenner, Martin, and Yasukichi Yasuba. "Economic Welfare."
     Pages 111-24 in Kozo Yamamura and Yasukichi Yasuba (eds.),
     The Political Economy of Japan, 2: The Domestic
     Transformation. Stanford: Stanford University Press,
     1987.

Burks, Ardath W. Japan: A Postindustrial Power. (3d ed.,
     rev.) Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1991.

Burstein, Daniel. "Rising Sun in Wall Street: How Japanese Money
     and Firms Are Moving In," New York, 20, No. 9, March
     2, 1987, 32-38.

------. Yen! Japan's New Financial Empire and Its Threat to
     America. New York: Fawcett Columbine, 1990.

Chalmers, Norma J. Industrial Relations in Japan: The
     Peripheral Workforce. (Nissan Institute/Routledge
     Japanese Studies Series.) London: Routledge, 1989.

Choy, Jon. "FY 1993 Budget Reveals Fiscal Strains," JEI 
     Report, No. 1B, January 8, 1993, 3-8.

------. "Japan's Energy Policy: A Powerful Example?" JEI
     Report, No. 23A, June 25, 1993, 1-10.

Clark, Rodney. The Japanese Company. New Haven: Yale
     University Press, 1979.

Cusumano, Michael A. The Japanese Automobile Industry.
     (Harvard East Asian Monographs, No. 122.) Cambridge: Harvard
     University Press, 1985.

DeMente, Boye. The Japanese Way of Doing Business. (Rev.
     ed.) Engelwood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1981.

Denison, Edward F., and William K. Chung. How Japan's Economy
     Grew So Fast: The Sources of Postwar Expansion.
     Washington: Brookings Institution, 1976.

Destler, I.M., and Hideo Sato (eds.). Coping with U.S.-Japanese
     Economic Conflicts. Lexington, Massachusetts: Lexington
     Books, 1982.

Deutsch, Mitchell F. Doing Business with the Japanese. New
     York: New American Library, 1984.

Dore, Ronald P. British Factory, Japanese Factory: The Origins
     of National Diversity in Industrial Relations. Berkeley:
     University of California Press, 1973.

Dreyfus, Joel. "Fear and Trembling in the Colossus," Fortune
     International [Tokyo], 115, No. 7, March 30, 1987, 32-36.

Drucker, Peter F. "What We Can Learn from Japanese Management."
     Pages 30-37 in How Japan Works. (Eds., staff of
     Harvard Business Review) Cambridge: Harvard
     University Press, 1981. 

"Economic Trends," Mitsubishi Bank Review [Tokyo], 20, No.
     1, January 1987, 6.

Eto, Hajime (ed.). R&D Strategies in Japan: The National,
     Regional, and Corporate Approach. (Advances in Industrial
     Engineering, No. 18.) Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1993.

Europa Year Book, 1989: A World Survey. London: Europa,
     1989.

"Finance: Timid Giants: Japanese Institutional Investors,"
     Tokyo Business Today [Tokyo], 6, No. 8, August 1987,
     42-47.

Frank, Isaiah (ed.). The Japanese Economy in International
     Perspective. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press,
     1975.

Fruin, W. Mark. The Japanese Enterprise System: Competitive
     Strategies and Cooperative Structures. New York: Oxford
     University Press, 1992.

------. Kikkoman: Company, Clan, and Community. (Harvard
     Studies in Business History, No. 35.) Cambridge University
     Press, 1983.

Fukui, Haruhiro, Peter H. Merkl, Hubertus Müller-Groeling, and Akio
     Watanabe (eds.). The Politics of Economic Change in
     Postwar Japan and West Germany, 1: Macroeconomic Conditions
     and Policy Response. (St. Antony's/Macmillan Series.) New
     York: St. Martin's Press, 1993.

Gibney, Frank. Miracle by Design: The Real Reasons Behind
     Japan's Economic Success. New York: Times Books, 1982.

Gordon, Andrew. The Evolution of Labor Relations in Japan:
     Heavy Industry, 1853-1955. (Harvard East Asian
     Monographs, No. 117.) Cambridge: Harvard University Press,
     1985.

"Government Anticipates Slower Economic Growth in FY 1993," JEI
     Report, No. 1B, January 8, 1993, 1-3.

Haitani, Kanji. The Japanese System: An Institutional
     Overview. Lexington, Massachusetts: Lexington Books,
     1976.

Halloran, Richard. Japan: Image and Realities. New York:
     Knopf, 1969.

Hanami, Andrew K. "The Emerging Military-Industrial Relationship in
     Japan and the U.S. Connection," Asian Survey, 33, No.
     6, June 1993, 592-609.

Hein, Laura E. Fueling Growth: The Energy Revolution and
     Economic Policy in Postwar Japan. (Harvard East Asian
     Monographs, 147.) Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1990.

Henderson, Dan Fenno. Foreign Enterprise in Japan: Laws and
     Policies. (Studies in Foreign Investment and Economic
     Development.) Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press,
     1973.

Ho, Alfred K. Japan's Trade Liberalization in the 1960s.
     White Plains, New York: International Arts and Sciences Press,
     1973.

Hofheinz, Roy, and Kent Calder E. The Eastasia Edge. New
     York: Basic Books, 1982.

Ishizu Hideo. "The Missing Link: Transportation: Honshu-Shikoku
     Bridges," Look Japan [Tokyo], 34, No. 387, June 1988,
     26.

Ito, Takatoshi. The Japanese Economy. Cambridge: MIT
     Press, 1992.

Japan. Defense Agency. Defense of Japan, 1989. Tokyo:
     1989.

------. Foreign Press Center. Food and Agriculture in
     Japan. (About Japan Series, No. 7.) Tokyo: 1988.

------. Foreign Press Center. Labor in Japan. Tokyo: 1988.

------. Management and Coordination Agency. Statistics Bureau.
     Nihon tokei nenkan, Heisei 4 (Japan Statistical
     Yearbook, 1992.) Tokyo: Sorifu, Tokeikyoku, 1992.

------. Management and Coordination Agency. Statistics Bureau.
     Nihon tokei nenkan, Showa 61 (Japan Statistical
     Yearbook, 1986). Tokyo: Sorifu, Tokeikyoku, 1987.

------. Management and Coordination Agency. Statistics Bureau.
     Nihon tokei nenkan, Showa 63 (Japan Statistical
     Yearbook, 1988). Tokyo: Sorifu, Tokeikyoku, 1989.

------. Ministry of International Trade and Industry. Japan
     External Trade Organization. Nippon 1992: JETRO Business
     Facts and Figures. Tokyo: 1992.

------. Ministry of International Trade and Industry. Japan
     External Trade Organization. U.S. and Japan in Figures,
     II. Tokyo: 1992.

------. National Personnel Authority. Bureau of Compensation.
     Nippon 1987: JETRO Business Facts and Figures. Tokyo:
     1987.

------. National Personnel Authority. Bureau of Compensation.
     Nippon 1989: JETRO Business Facts and Figures. Tokyo:
     1989.

Japan: An Illustrated Encyclopedia. (2 vols.) Tokyo:
     Kodansha, 1993.

Japan Broadcasting Corporation. "This is NHK." (Brochure.) Tokyo:
     Nippon Hoso Kyokai, 1987.

Japan Economic Institute of America. Japan Economic
     Survey. Washington: October 1989.

Japanese Center for International Exchange. The Silent Power:
     Japan's Identity and World Role. Tokyo: Simul Press,
     1976.

"Japanese Utilize Postal Savings," Japan Economic Journal
     [Tokyo], 3, No. 9, February 24, 1990, 5.

Japan Institute for Social and Economic Affairs. Japan 1993: An
     International Comparison. Tokyo: 1992.

Johnson, Chalmers. MITI and the Japanese Miracle: The Growth of
     Industrial Policy, 1925-75. Stanford: Stanford University
     Press, 1982.

Kaplan, Morton A., and Mushakoji Kinhide (eds.). Japan,
     America, and the Future World Order. New York: Free
     Press, 1976.

Kawanishi, Hirosuke. Enterprise Unionism in Japan.
     (Trans., Ross E. Mouer.) (Japanese Studies Series.) London:
     Kegan Paul, 1992.

Kelly, Margaret, and Anne Kenny McGuirk. Issues and
     Developments in International Trade Policy. (World
     Economic and Financial Surveys.) Washington: International
     Monetary Fund, August 1992.

Kodansha Encyclopedia of Japan. (9 vols.) Tokyo: Kodansha,
     1983.

Komatsu, Nobuyuki, Tohru Yoshikawa, and Akio Nakahara. "History of
     Shinkansen in 25 Years and Future Projects," Japanese
     Railway Engineering [Tokyo], 29, No. 2 (111), September
     1989, 1-5.

Komiya, Ryutaro. The Japanese Economy: Trade, Industry, and
     Government. Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press, 1990.

Komiya, Ryutaro, Masahiro Okuno, and Kotaro Suzumura (eds.).
     Industrial Policy of Japan. Tokyo: Academic Press of
     Japan, 1989.

Kono, Toyohiro (ed.). Strategic Management in Japanese
     Companies. (The Best of Long Range Planning, No. 11.)
     Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1992.

Kumon, Shumpei, and Henry Rosovsky (eds.). The Political
     Economy of Japan, 3: Cultural and Social Dynamics.
     Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1992.

Kurian, George T. Facts on File: Japan. New York: Facts on
     File, 1989.

Latz, Gil. Agricultural Development in Japan: The Land
     Improvement District in Concept and Practice. (Geography
     Research Paper, No. 225.) Chicago: Committee on Geographical
     Studies, University of Chicago, 1989.

Lee, Chung H., and Ippei Yamazawa (eds.). The Economic
     Development of Japan and Korea: A Parallel with Lessons.
     New York: Praeger, 1990.

Lesbirel, S. Hayden. "Structural Adjustment in Japan: Terminating
     `Old King Coal.'" Asian Survey, 31, No. 11, November
     1991, 1079-94.

Lincoln, Edward J. Japan: Facine Economic Maturity.
     Washington: Brookings Institution, 1988.

Lockwood, William Wirt (ed.). The State and Economic Enterprise
     in Japan: Essays in the Political Economy of Growth.
     Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1965.

Magaziner, Ira C., and Thomas M. Hout. Japanese Industrial
     Policy. Berkeley: Institute of International Studies,
     University of California, 1980.

Maswood, Syed Javed. Japan and Protection: The Growth of
     Protectionist Sentiment and the Japanese Response.
     London: Routledge, 1989.

Mead, Christopher. "Second Japanese Miracle on the Horizon."
     Creative Computing, 23, No. 8, August 1987, 1-83.

Metraux, Daniel A. The Japanese Economy and the American
     Businessman. (Mellen Studies in Business, No. 5.)
     Lewiston, New York: Mellen Press, 1989.

Miyashita, Kenichi, and David W. Russell. Keiretsu: Inside the
     Hidden Japanese Conglomerates. New York: McGraw-Hill,
     1994.

Morikawa, Hidemasa. Zaibatsu: The Rise and Fall of Family
     Enterprise Groups in Japan. Tokyo: University of Tokyo
     Press, 1992.

Morishima, Michio. Why Has Japan Succeeded?: Western Technology
     and the Japanese Ethos. New York: Cambridge University
     Press, 1982.

Morita, Akio. Made in Japan. New York: Dutton, 1986.

Moritani Masanori. Japanese Technology: Getting the Best for
     the Least. (Trans., Simul International.) Tokyo: Simul
     Press, 1982.

Morley, James W. Dilemmas of Growth in Prewar Japan.
     (Studies in the Modernization of Japan, No. 6.) Princeton:
     Princeton University Press, 1971.

Mushakoji Kinhide. "Nihon bunka to Nihon gaiko" (Japanese Culture
     and Japanese Diplomacy). Pages 31-47 in Mushakoji Kinhide
     (ed.), Kokusai Seiji to Nihon (International Politics
     and Japan). Tokyo: Tanryusha, 1967.

Nakamura, Takafuse. The Postwar Japanese Economy: Its
     Development and Structure. (Trans., Jacqueline Kaminski.)
     Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press, 1982.

Nakayama, Shigeru. Science, Technology, and Society in Postwar
     Japan. (Japanese Studies Series.) London: Kegan Paul,
     1991.

Ohkawa, Kazushi, and Miyohei Shinohara (eds.). Patterns of
     Japanese Economic Development: A Quantitative Appraisal.
     (Economic Growth Center and Council on East Asian Studies,
     Yale University.) New Haven: Yale University Press, 1979.

Okimoto, Daniel I. Between MITI and the Market: Japanese
     Industrial Policy for High Technology. Stanford: Stanford
     University Press, 1989.

Okita Saburo. The Developing Economies and Japan. Tokyo:
     University of Tokyo Press, 1980.

Ostrom, Douglas. "Officials Differ on Japan's Economic Health,"
     JEI Report, No. 22B, June 18, 1993, 1-5.

Ouchi, William G. Theory Z: How American Businessmen Can Meet
     the Japanese Challenge. Reading, Massachusetts:
     Addison-Wesley, 1981.

Ozaki, Robert S. Human Capitalism: The Japanese Enterprise
     System as World Model. Tokyo: Kodansha, 1991.

Patrick, Hugh T., and Thomas P. Rohley. "Small-Scale Family
     Enterprises." Pages 331-32 in Kozo Yamamura and Yasukichi
     Yasuba (eds.), The Political Economy of Japan, 2: The
     Domestic Transition. Stanford: Stanford University Press,
     1987.

Patrick, Hugh T., and Henry Rosovsky (eds.). Asia's New Giant:
     How the Japanese Economy Works. Washington: Brookings
     Institution, 1976.

Reischauer, Edwin O. The Japanese. Cambridge: Belknap
     Press of Harvard University Press, 1977.

------. The Japanese Today: Continuity and Change.
     Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1988.

Roth, Martin. Making Money in Japanese Stocks. Rutland,
     Vermont: Tuttle, 1989.

Rothacher, Albrecht. Japan's Agro-Food Sector: The Politics and
     Economics of Excess Protection. New York: St. Martin's
     Press, 1989.

Sanders, Sol W. Honda: The Man and His Machines. Tokyo:
     Kodansha, 1982.

Sasajima, Yoshio. Labor in Japan. (About Japan Series, 9.)
     Tokyo: Foreign Press Center, 1988.

Schmiegelow, Michèle, and Henrik Schmiegelow. Strategic
     Pragmatism: Japanese Lessons in the Use of Economic
     Theory. New York: Praeger, 1989.

Sennitt, Andrew G. (ed.). World Radio TV Handbook, 1993.
     47. Amsterdam: Billboard, 1993.

Sheridan, Kyoko. Governing the Japanese Economy.
     Cambridge: Polity Press, 1993.

Shibata, Tokue (ed.). Public Finance in Japan. Tokyo:
     University of Tokyo Press, 1986.

Shinohara Miyohei. Industrial Growth, Trade, and Dynamic
     Patterns in the Japanese Economy. Tokyo: University of
     Tokyo Press, 1982.

Shirai, Taishiro (ed.). Contemporary Industrial Relations in
     Japan. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

Shulman, Frank Joseph (ed.). Japan. (World Bibliographical
     Series, No. 103.) Santa Barbara, California: ABC-Clio, 1989.

Singleton, Kenneth J. Japanese Monetary Policy. (National
     Bureau of Economic Research Project Report.) Chicago:
     University of Chicago Press, 1993.

Smith, Thomas. Political Change and Industrial Development in
     Japan. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1955.

"Statistical Profile: Japan's Economy in 1992 and International
     Transactions of Japan and the United States in 1992," JEI
     Report, No. 35A, September 17, 1993, 1-47.

Stoever, William A. Renegotiations in International Business
     Transactions: The Process of Dispute Resolution Between
     Multinational Investors and Host Societies. Lexington,
     Massachusetts: Lexington Books, 1981.

Sunobe, Yoshio. High Technology. (Facts About Japan
     Series.) Tokyo: International Society for Educational
     Information, 1988.

Suzuki, Yoshio (ed.). The Japanese Financial System. 
     (Institute for Monetary and Economic Studies of the Bank o
     Japan.) Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1987.

Tsuda, Hideo (ed.). Japan 1990: An International
     Comparison. (Japan Institute for Social and Economic
     Affairs.) Tokyo: Keizai Koho Center, 1990.

Tsuneta Yano Memorial Society. Nihon kokusei tokai, 1989
     (Charted Survey of Japan, 1989.) Tokyo: 1989.

______. Nihon kokusei tokai, 1992 (Charted Survey of
     Japan, 1992). Tokyo: 1992.

United States. Central Intelligence Agency. The World Factbook,
     1989. (CPAS WF 89-001.) Washington: May 1989.

------. Central Intelligence Agency. Directorate of Intelligence.
     Economic and Energy Indicators. (DI EEI 90-011.)
     Washington: June 1, 1990.

Viner, Aron. Inside Japanese Financial Markets. Homewood,
     Illinois: Dow Jones-Irwin, 1988.

Vogel, Ezra F. Japan as Number One: Lessons for America.
     Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1979.

Woronoff, Jon. The Japanese Economic Crisis. New York: St.
     Martin's Press, 1993.

Wray, Harry, and Hilary Conroy. Japan Examined: Perspectives on
     Modern Japanese History. Honolulu: University of Hawaii
     Press, 1983.

Wray, William D. (ed.). Managing Industrial Enterprise: Cases
     from Japan's Prewar Experience. (Harvard East Asian
     Monograph, No. 142.) Cambridge: Harvard University Press,
     1989.

Yamamura, Kozo, and Yasukichi Yasuba (eds.). The Political
     Economy of Japan, 1: The Domestic Transformation.
     Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1987.

Yamanaka, Keiko. "New Immigration Policy and Unskilled Foreign
     Workers in Japan," Pacific Affairs [Vancouver], 66,
     No. 1, Spring 1993, 72-90.

Yamazawa, Ippei. Economic Development and International Trade:
     The Japanese Model. Honolulu: East-West Center,
     University of Hawaii, 1990.

Yoshihara, Kunio. Japanese Economic Development: A Short
     Introduction. Tokyo: Oxford University Press, 1979.

Yoshino, Michael Y. Japan's Managerial System: Traditional 
     Innovation. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1968.

Yoshino, Michael Y., and Thomas B. Lifson. The Invisible Link:
     Japan's Sogo Shosha and the Organization of Trade.
     Cambridge: MIT Press, 1986.

Young, Alexander K. The Sogo Shoshu: Japan's Multinational
     Trading Companies. (Westview Special Studies in
     International Economics and Business.) Boulder, Colorado:
     Westview Press, 1979.

    (Various issues of the following publications also were used in
the preparation of this chapter: Asahi Nenkan (Asahi
Yearbook) [Tokyo], 1986-90; Asian Survey, 1986-90; Far
Eastern Economic Review [Hong Kong], 1983-90; Japan
Echo [Tokyo], 1986-90; Japan Economic Institute, JEI
Report, 1989-93; Japan Economic Review [Tokyo], 1986-
90; Japan Economic Survey, 1987-90; Japanese Economic
Journal [Tokyo], 1986-90; Japan Times Weekly [Tokyo],
1986-90; JEI Report, 1989-90; Journal of Japanese
Trade and Industry [Tokyo], 1986-90; Mitsubishi Bank
Review [Tokyo], 1986-90; New York Times, 1987-90; and
U.S. News and World Report, 1987.)

Chapter 5

Abeggleu, James C., and George Stalk, Jr. Kaisha: The Japanese
     Corporation; How Marketing, Money and Manpower Strategy, No
     Management Style, Make the Japanese World Pace Setters.
     New York: Basic Books, 1985.

Advisory Committee for Trade Policy and Negotiations. "Analysis of
     the U.S.-Japan Trade Problem." (Report submitted to United
     States Trade Representative.) Washington: February 1989.

Angel, Robert C. Explaining Economic Policy Failure: Japan in
     the 1969-1971 International Monetary Crisis. (Studies of
     the East Asian Institute.) New York: Columbia University
     Press, 1991.

Asia 1990 Yearbook. (Ed., Michael Malik.) Hong Kong:
     Review, 1990.

Belassa, Bela, and Marcus Noland. Japan in the World
     Economy. Washington: Institute for International
     Economics, 1988.

Bergsten, C. Fred, and William R. Cline. The United
     States-Japan Economic Problem. Washington: Institute for
     International Economics, 1985.

Bibliography of Asian Studies. (Annuals 1984 through
     1986.) Ann Arbor: Association for Asian Studies, 1984-86.

Boger, Karl. Japanese Direct Foreign Investments: An Annotated
     Bibliography. (Bibliographies and Indexes in Economics
     and Economic History, No. 8.) New York: Greenwood Press, 1989.

Castle, Emery N., and Kenzo Hemmi (eds.). U.S.-Japanese
     Agricultural Trade Relations. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins
     University Press, 1982.

Caves, Richard E. "Japanese Investment in the United States:
     Lessons for the Economic Analysis of Foreign Investment,"
     World Economy [Oxford], 16, No. 3, May 1993, 279-300.

Christopher, Robert C. Second to None: American Companies in
     Japan. New York: Ballantine Books, 1986.

Cohen, Stephen D. "United States-Japan Trade Relations." Pages
     122-36 in Frank J. Macchiarola (ed.), International Trade:
     The Changing Role of the United States. (Proceedings of
     the Academy of Political Science, 37, No. 4.) New York:
     Academy of Political Science, 1990.

Destler, I.M., and Hideo Sato (eds.). Coping with U.S.-Japanese
     Economic Conflicts. Lexington, Massachusetts: Lexington
     Books, 1982.

Emmott, Bill. Japan's Global Reach: The Influence, Strategies,
     and Weaknesses of Japan's Multinational Companies.
     London: Century, 1991.

Feldman, Robert Alan. Japanese Financial Markets: Deficits,
     Dilemmas, and Deregulation. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1986.

Fletcher, William Miles, III. The Japanese Business Community
     and National Trade Policy, 1920-1942. Chapel Hill:
     University of North Carolina Press, 1989.

Fox, John G. The Next Wave of Japanese Investment in U.S. Real
     Estate. New York: Japan Society, 1987.

Frankel, Jeffrey A. The Yen/Dollar Agreement: Liberalizing
     Japanese Capital Markets. Washington: Institute for
     International Economics, 1984.

Frankel, Jeffrey A., and Miles Kahler (eds.). Regionalism and
     Rivalry: Japan and the United States in Pacific Asia.
     (National Bureau of Economic Research Conference Report.)
     Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993.

Frost, Ellen. For Richer, For Poorer: The New U.S.-Japan
     Relationship. New York: Council on Foreign Relations,
     1987.

Fujita, Kuniko, and Richard Child Hill (eds.). Japanese Cities
     in the World Economy. (Conflicts in Urban and Regional
     Development Series.) Philadelphia: Temple University Press,
     1993.

Gaikoku boeki gaikyo (Summary Report of Trade of Japan)
     [Tokyo], July 1991.

Green, Gretchen. "Japan's Foreign Aid Policy: 1989 Update," JEI
     Report, No. 41A, October 27, 1989, 1-14.

------. "Japan's Role in the Asian Development Bank," JEI
     Report, No. 23A, June 16, 1989, 1-7.

Harding, Harry, and Edward J. Lincoln. "Rivals or Partners?
     Prospects for U.S.-Japan Cooperation in the Asia-Pacific
     Region," Brookings Review, 11, No. 2, Summer 1993, 7-
     11.

Henning, C. Randall. International Monetary Policymaking in the
     United States, Germany, and Japan. Washington: Institute
     for International Economics, 1993.

Hirata, Akira, and Ippei Yamazawa (eds.). Trade Policies
     Towards Developing Countries. New York: St. Martin's
     Press, 1992.

Hollerman, Leon (ed.). Japan and the United States: Economic
     and Political Adversaries. (Westview Special Studies in
     International Economics and Business.) Boulder, Colorado:
     Westview Press, 1980.

Hunsberger, Warren S. Japan and the United States in World
     Trade. New York: Harper and Row, 1964.

Inoguchi, Takashi, and Daniel I. Okimoto (eds.). The Political
     Economy of Japan, 2: The Changing International Context.
     Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1988.

International Monetary Fund. Direction of Trade Statistics
     Yearbook, 1992. Washington: 1992.

------. International Financial Statistics Yearbook, 1988.
     (41.) Washington: International Monetary Fund, 1988.

------. International Financial Statistics Yearbook, 1989.
     (42.) Washington: International Monetary Fund, 1989.

------. International Financial Statistics, November 1989.
     (42, No. 11.) Washington: 1989.

------. International Financial Statistics, February 1993.
     (46, No. 2.) Washington: 1993.

Ito, Takatoshi. The Japanese Economy. Cambridge: MIT
     Press, 1992.

Jackson, Tim. The Next Battleground: Japan, America, and the
     New European Market. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1993.

Japan. Management and Coordination Agency. Statistics Bureau.
     Nihon tokei nenkan, Heisei 4 (Japan Statistical
     Yearbook, 1992). Tokyo: Sorifu, Tokeikyoku, 1992.

------. Ministry of Finance. International Monetary Bureau.
     Okurasho kokusai kin'yukyoku nenpo, Hesei 1 (Ministry
     of Finance International Monetary Bureau Yearbook, 1989).
     Tokyo: Kin'yu Zaisei Jiho Kenkyukai, 1989.

------. Ministry of Finance. International Monetary Bureau.
     Okurasho kokusai kin'yukyoku nenpo, Hesei 4 (Ministry
     of Finance International Monetary Bureau Yearbook, 1992).
     Tokyo: Kin'yu Zaisei Jiho Kenkyukai, 1992.

------. Ministry of Finance. International Monetary Bureau.
     Okurasho kokusai kin'yukyoku nenpo, Showa 57
     (Ministry of Finance International Monetary Bureau Yearbook,
     1983). (6.) Tokyo: Kin'yu Zaisei Jiho Kenkyukai, 1982.

------. Ministry of Finance. International Monetary Bureau.
     Okurasho kokusai kin'yukyoku nenpo, Showa 63
     (Ministry of Finance International Monetary Bureau Yearbook,
     1988). (12.) Tokyo: Kin'yu Zaisei Jiho Kenkyukai, 1988.

------. Ministry of Finance. Monetary Bureau. Kokusai
     kin'yukyoku nenpo (Monetary Bureau International Monetary
     Yearbook). Tokyo: 1982-89.

------. Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Japan's Official
     Development Assistance: 1988 Annual Report. Tokyo:
     Association for Promotion of International Cooperation, 1989.

------. Ministry of International Trade and Industry. Japan
     External Trade Organization. U.S. and Japan in Figures,
     II. Tokyo: 1992.

------. Ministry of International Trade and Industry. Japan
     External Trade Organization. JETRO: Promoting Trade,
     Creating Opportunity. Tokyo: n.d.

Japan: An Illustrated Encyclopedia. (2 vols.) Tokyo:
     Kodansha, 1993.

Japan Institute for Social and Economic Affairs. Japan 1993: An
     International Comparison. Tokyo: 1992.

Japan-United States Economic Relations Group. "Report of the
     Japan-United States Economic Relations Group." Washington:
     1981.

Kelly, Margaret, and Anne Kenny McGuirk. Issues and
     Developments in International Trade Policy. (World
     Economic and Financial Surveys.) Washington: International
     Monetary Fund, August 1992.

Kodansha Encyclopedia of Japan. (9 vols.) Tokyo: Kodansha,
     1983.

Kojima, Kiyoshi, and Terutomo Ozawa. Japan's General Trading
     Companies: Merchants of Economic Development. Paris:
     Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 1984.

Koppel, Bruce, and Michael Plummer. "Japan's Ascendancy as a
     Foreign-Aid Power: Asian Perspectives," Asian Survey,
     29, No. 11, November 1989, 1043-56.

Krause, Lawrence B., and Sueo Sekiguchi. "Japan and the World
     Economy." Pages 383-458 in Hugh T. Patrick and Henry Rosovsky
     (eds.), Asia's New Giant: How the Japanese Economy
     Works. Washington: Brookings Institution, 1976.

Kreinin, Mordechai E. "How Closed Is Japan's Market?" World
     Economy [London], 11, No. 4, December 1988, 529-41.

Kujawa, Duane, and Daniel Bob. American Public Opinion on
     Japanese Direct Investment. New York: Japan Society,
     1988.

Kuo, Cheng-Tian, and Takuya Yanagisawa. "The Politics of Japan's
     Rice Trade," Journal of Northeast Asian Studies, 11,
     No. 4, Winter 1992, 19-39.

Lawrence, Robert Z. Imports in Japan: Closed Markets or Closed
     Minds? (Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, No. 2.)
     Washington: Brookings Institution, 1987.

Lee, Chung H., and Ippei Yamazawa (eds.). The Economic
     Development of Japan and Korea: A Parallel with Lessons.
     New York: Praeger, 1990.

Lincoln, Edward J. Japan: Facing Economic Maturity.
     Washington: Brookings Institution, 1988.

------. Japan's Economic Role in Northeast Asia. Lanham,
     Maryland: University Press of America, 1987.

------. Japan's New Global Role. Washington: Brookings
     Institution, 1993.

------. "Japan's Role in Asia-Pacific Cooperation: Dimensions,
     Prospects, and Problems," Journal of Northeast Asian
     Studies, 8, No. 4, Winter 1989, 3-23.

------. Japan's Unequal Trade. Washington: Brookings
     Institution, 1990.

Macchiarola, Frank J. (ed.) International Trade: The Changing
     Role of the United States. (Proceedings of the Academy of
     Political Science, 37, No. 4.) New York: Academy of Political
     Science, 1990.

MacKnight, Susan. Japan's Expanding U.S. Manufacturing
     Presence, 1988 Update. Washington: Japan Economic
     Institute, 1989.

Maswood, Syed Javed. Japan and Protection: The Growth of
     Protectionist Sentiment and the Japanese Response.
     London: Routledge, 1989.

Matsuzawa, Takuji. "Japan-U.S. Economic Relations as Seen from
     Japan," Fuji Economic Review [Tokyo], September-
     October 1993, 1-7.

Maurer, John H. "The United States and Japan: Collision Course?"
     Strategic Review, 21, No. 2, Spring 1993, 41-51.

McGuire, Sumiye O. Soviet-Japanese Economic Relations.
     (Rand Publication Series, R-3817.) Santa Monica, California:
     Rand, May 1990.

Moritani, Kazuo. "Impact of the EC Unification on Japan's
     Automobile and Electronics Industries." (JDB Research Report,
     No. 16.) Tokyo: Japan Development Bank, August 1989.

Morris-Suzuki, Tessa. A History of Japanese Economic
     Thought. (Routledge History of Economic Thought Series.)
     London: Routledge, 1991.

Motor Vehicle Statistics of Japan, 1989. Tokyo: Japan
     Automobile Manufacturers Association, 1989.

Murakami, Yasusuke, and Yutaka Kosai (eds.). Japan in the
     Global Community: Its Role and Contribution on the Eve of the
     21st Century. Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press, 1986.

Nester, William R. European Power and the Japanese
     Challenge. New York: New York University Press, 1993.

------. The Foundation of Japanese Power: Continuities,
     Changes, Challenges. New York: Sharpe, 1990.

------. Japan's Growing Predominance over East Asia and the
     World Economy. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1990.

Okimoto, Daniel I. Between MITI and the Market: Japanese
     Industrial Policy for High Technology. Stanford: Stanford
     University Press, 1989.

Okimoto, Daniel I. (ed.). Japan's Economy: Coping with Change
     in the International Environment. Boulder, Colorado:
     Westview Press, 1982.

Okita Saburo. Japan in the World Economy of the 1980s.
     Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press, 1989.

------. "Japan's Quiet Strength," Foreign Policy, No. 75,
     Summer 1989, 128-45.

Oppenheim, Phillip. Japan Without Blunders: Coming to Terms
     with Japan's Economic Success. Tokyo: Kodansha, 1992.

------. Trade Wars: Japan Versus the West. London:
     Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1992.

Ozaki, Robert S. The Control of Imports and Foreign Capital in
     Japan. New York: Praeger, 1972.

Patrick, Hugh T., and Henry Rosovsky (eds.). Asia's New Giant:
     How the Japanese Economy Works. Washington: Brookings
     Institution, 1976.

Patrick, Hugh T., and Ryuichiro Tachi (eds.). Japan and the
     United States Today: Exchange Rates, Macroeconomic Policies,
     and Financial Market Innovations. New York: Center on
     Japanese Economy and Business, Columbia University, 1987.

Petri, Peter A. Modeling Japanese-American Trade: A Study of
     Asymmetric Interdependence. Cambridge: Harvard University
     Press, 1984.

Prestowitz, Clyde V., Jr. Trading Places: How We Allowed Japan
     to Take the Lead. New York: Basic Books, 1988.

Pugel, Thomas A., and Robert G. Hawkins (eds.). Fragile
     Interdependence: Economic Issues in U.S.-Japanese Trade and
     Investment. Lexington, Massachusetts: D.C. Heath, 1986.

Sato, Ryuzo, and Julianne Nelson (eds.). Beyond Trade Friction:
     Japan-U.S. Economic Relations. New York: Cambridge
     University Press, 1989.

Sato, Ryuzo, and John A. Rizzo (eds.). Unkept Promises, Unclear
     Consequences: U.S. Economic Policy and the Japanese
     Response. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1988.

Sato, Ryuzo, and Paul Wachtel (eds.). Trade Friction and
     Economic Policy: Problems and Prospects for Japan and the
     United States. New York: Cambridge University Press,
     1987.

Saxonhouse, Gary R. "Japan's Intractable Trade Surpluses in a New
     Era," World Economy [London], 9, September 1986,
     234-57.

Scalapino, Robert A. (ed.). Economic Development in the
     Asia-Pacific Region: Appropriate Rules for Japan and the
     United States. Berkeley: Institute of East Asian Studies,
     University of California, 1986.

Schlossstein, Steven B. Trade War: Greed, Power, and Industrial
     Policy on Opposite Sides of the Pacific. New York:
     Cougdon and Weed, 1984.

Schmiegelow, Michèle (ed.). Japan's Response to Crisis and
     Change in the World Economy. Armonk, New York: Sharpe,
     1986.

Sekiguchi, Sueo. "The Structural Impediments Initiative and Recent
     Japan-US Relations," International Spectator [Rome],
     28, No. 2, April-June 1993, 45-62.

Shulman, Frank Joseph (ed.). Japan. (World Bibliographical
     Series, 103.) Santa Barbara, California: ABC-Clio, 1989.

"Statistical Profile: Japan's Economy in 1988 and International
     Transactions of Japan and the United States in 1988," JEI
     Report, No. 39A, October 13, 1989, 1-44.

"Statistical Profile: Japan's Economy in 1992 and International
     Transactions of Japan and the United States in 1992," JEI
     Report, No. 35A, September 17, 1993, 1-47.

Stern, Robert M. (ed.). Trade and Investment Relations Among
     the United States, Canada, and Japan. Chicago: University
     of Chicago Press, 1989.

Stokes, Bruce. Japanese Investment in the United States: Its
     Causes and Consequences. New York: Japan Society, 1988.

Takamiya, Sosumu, and Keith Thurley (eds.). Japan's Emerging
     Multinationals: An International Comparison of Policies and
     Practices. Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press, 1985.

Takeuchi, Kenji. Does Japan Import Less Than It Should?
     (World Bank Policy Planning and Research Working Papers, No.
     63.) Washington: International Bank for Reconstruction and
     Development, July 1988.

Tasca, Diane (ed.). U.S.-Japanese Economic Relations:
     Cooperation, Competition, and Confrontation. New York:
     Pergamon Press, 1980.

Thomsen, Stephen. "Japanese Direct Investment in the European
     Community: The Product Cycle Revisted," World Economy
     [Oxford], 16, No. 3, May 1993, 301-15.

Tokunage, Shojiro (ed.). Japan's Foreign Investment and Asian
     Economic Interdependence: Production, Trade, and Financial
     Systems. Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press, 1992.

Tsuda, Hideo (ed.). Japan 1990: An International
     Comparison. (Japan Institute for Social and Economic
     Affairs.) Tokyo: Keizai Koho Center, 1990.

Tsuneta Yano Memorial Society. Nihon kokusei tokai, 1992
     (Charted Survey of Japan, 1992). Tokyo: 1992.

Unger, Danny, and Paul Blackburn (eds.). Japan's Emerging
     Global Role. (An Institute for the Study of Diplomacy
     Book.) Boulder, Colorado: Rienner, 1993.

U.S.-Japan Economic Relations Yearbook, 1984-1985.
     Washington: Japan Economic Institute of America, 1986.

United States. Congress. 99th, 1st Session. House of
     Representatives. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on
     Asian and Pacific Affairs and Subcommittee on International
     Economic Policy. United States-Japan Trade Relations.
     (Hearings April 17-May 14, 1985.) Washington: GPO, 1985.

------. Congress. 100th, 2d Session. House of Representatives.
     Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on Asian and
     Pacific Affairs. United States-Japan Relations: The Impact
     of Negotiated Market Openings. (Hearings September
     27-October 13, 1988.) Washington: GPO, 1989.

------. Congress. 102d, 2d Session. Joint Economic Committee.
     Economic Diplomacy with Japan. Washington: GPO, 1993.

------. Congress. 102d, 2d Session. Joint Economic Committee.
     Subcommittee on Economic Goals and International Policy.
     Global Economic and Technological Change: Japan and the
     Asia-Pacific Region. Washington: GPO, 1993.

------. General Accounting Office. International Finance:
     Implementation of the Yen/Dollar Agreement.
     (GAO/NSIAD-86-107.) Washington: GPO, 1986.

------. General Accounting Office. U.S.-Japan Trade: Evaluation
     of the Market-Oriented Sector, Selective Talks.
     (GAO/NSIAP-88-205.) Washington: GPO, July 1988.

------. General Accounting Office. United States-Japan Trade:
     Issues and Problems. (GAO ID-79-53.) Washington: GPO,
     1979.

------. International Trade Commission. Pros and Cons of
     Initiating Negotiations with Japan to Explore the Possibility
     of a U.S-Japan Free Trade Area Agreement. (Investigation
     No. TA-332-255. USITC Publication 0196-9153; 2120.)
     Washington: September 1988.

United States Economic Relations Group. Report of the
     Japanese-United States Economic Relations Group.
     Washington: Japan-United States Economic Relations Group,
     January 1981.

United States-Japan Advisory Commission. Office of Public
     Communication. Challenges and Opportunities in United
     States-Japan Relations: A Report Submitted to the President of
     the United States and the Prime Minister of Japan.
     Washington: September 1984.

Yamamura, Kozo (ed.). Japanese Investment in the United States:
     Should We Be Concerned? Seattle: Society for Japanese
     Studies, 1989.

------. Policy and Trade Issues of the Japanese Economy:
     American and Japanese Perspectives. Seattle: University
     of Washington Press, 1982.

Yearbook of U.S.-Japan Economic Relations in 1983.
     Washington: Japan Economic Institute of America, 1984.

Yoshida, Mamoru. Japanese Direct Manufacturing Investment in
     the United States. New York: Praeger, 1987.

Yoshihara, Kunio. Soga Shosha: The Vanguard of the Japanese
     Econony. Tokyo: Oxford University Press, 1982.

Yoshino, Michael Y., and Thomas B. Lifson. The Invisible Link:
     Japan's Sogo Shosha and the Organization of Trade.
     Cambridge: MIT Press, 1986.

    (Various issues of the following publications were also used in
the preparation of this chapter: Asian Wall Street Journal
[Hong Kong], 1989-90; Bank of Japan, Research and Statistics
Department, Balance of Payments Monthly [Tokyo], 1981-92
and Keizai tokei nenpo (Economic Statistics Annual)
[Tokyo], 1977-91; Far Eastern Economic Review [Hong Kong],
1980-89; Japan, Ministry of International Trade and Industry,
Tsusho hakusho (Trade White Paper), 1980-89; Japan
Economic Journal [Tokyo], 1980-89; Japan Statistical
Yearbook [Tokyo], 1980-89; Japan Tariff Association,
Summary Report Trade of Japan [Tokyo], 1980-91; and
Tokyo Business Today [Tokyo], 1980-89.)

Chapter 6

Allinson, Gary D., and Yasunori Sone (eds.). Political Dynamics
     in Contemporary Japan. Ithaca: Cornell University Press,
     1993.

Ames, Walter L. Police and Community in Japan. Berkeley:
     University of California Press, 1981.

Apter, David, and Nagayo Sawa. Against the State: Politics and
     Social Protest in Japan. Cambridge: Harvard University
     Press, 1984.

Asahi nenkan, 1990 (Asahi Yearbook, 1990). Tokyo: Asahi
     Shinbun, 1990.

Asia 1990 Yearbook. (Ed., Michael Malik.) Hong Kong:
     Review, 1990.

Austin, Lewis. Saints and Samurai: The Political Culture of the
     American and Japanese Elites. (Yale Studies in Political
     Science, No. 27.) New Haven: Yale University Press, 1975.

Austin, Lewis (ed.). Japan: The Paradox of Progress. New
     Haven: Yale University Press, 1976.

Baerwald, Hans H. "Japan's House of Councillors Election: A
     Mini-Revolution?" Asian Survey, 29, No. 9, September
     1989, 833-41.

------. Japan's Parliament: An Introduction. London:
     Cambridge University Press, 1975.

------. "Japan's 39th House of Representatives Election: A Case of
     Mixed Signals," Asian Survey, 30, No. 6, June 1990,
     541-59.

Bayley, David H. Forces of Order: Police Behavior in Japan and
     the United States. Berkeley: University of California
     Press, 1976.

Beasley W.G. Japanese Imperialism, 1874-1945. Oxford:
     Clarendon Press, 1987.

------. The Modern History of Japan. New York: St.
     Martin's Press, 1981.

Beer, Lawrence W. Freedom of Expression in Japan: A Study in
     Comparative Law, Politics, and Society. Tokyo: Kodansha,
     1984.

------. "Group Rights and Individual Rights in Japan," Asian
     Survey, 21, No. 4, April 1981, 437-53.

Befu, Harumi. Ideorogii to shite no Nihon bunkaron
     (Theories of Japanese Culture as Ideology). Tokyo: Shiso no
     Kagaku Sha, 1987.

Berger, Gordon M. "The Three-Dimensional Empire: Japanese Attitudes
     and the New Order in Asia, 1937-1945," Japan
     Interpreter [Tokyo], 12, Nos. 3-4, Summer 1979, 355-83.

Bernstein, Gail Lee, and Haruhiro Fukui (eds.). Japan and the
     World: Essays on Japanese History and Politics in Honour of
     Ishida Takeshi. Basingstoke, United Kingdom: Macmillan
     Press, 1988.

Bestor, Theodore C. Neighborhood Tokyo. Stanford: Stanford
     University Press, 1989.

Bibliography of Asian Studies. (Annuals 1984 through
     1986.) Ann Arbor: Association for Asian Studies, 1984-86.

Calder, Kent E. Crisis and Compensation: Public Policy and
     Political Stability in Japan, 1949-1986. Princeton:
     Princeton University Press, 1988.

------. "Japan in 1991: Uncertain Quest for a Global Role,"
     Asian Survey, 32, No. 1, January 1992, 32-41.

Campbell, John Creighton. Contemporary Japanese Budget
     Politics. (Studies of the East Asian Institute.)
     Berkeley: University of California Press, 1977.

------. "Policy Conflict and Its Resolution with the Governmental
     System." Pages 244-334 in Ellis S. Krauss, Thomas P. Rohlen,
     and Patricia G. Steinhoff (eds.), Conflict in Japan.
     Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1984.

Cary, Otis (ed.). From a Ruined Empire: Letters, Japan, China,
     Korea, 1945-46. Tokyo: Kodansha, 1984.

Cohen, Theodore. Remaking Japan: The American Occupation as New
     Deal. (Ed., Herbert Passin.) New York: Free Press, 1987.

Curtis, Gerald L. Election Campaigning Japanese Style.
     (Studies of the East Asian Institute, Columbia University.)
     New York: Columbia University Press, 1971.

Donnelly, Michael W. "Conflict Over Government Authority and
     Markets: Japan's Rice Economy." Pages 335-74 in Ellis S.
     Krauss, Thomas P. Rohlen, and Patricia G. Steinhoff (eds.),
     Conflict in Japan. Honolulu: University of Hawaii
     Press, 1984.

Finn, Richard B. Winners in Peace: MacArthur, Yoshida, and
     Postwar Japan. Berkeley: University of California Press,
     1992.

Flanagan, Scott C., Shinsaku Kohei, Ichiro Miyaka, Bradley
     Richardson, and Joji Watanuki. The Japanese Voter.
     New Haven: Yale University Press, 1991.

Frager, Robert, and Thomas P. Rohlen. "The Future of a Tradition:
     Japanese Spirit in the 1980s." Pages 255-78 in Lewis Austin
     (ed.), Japan: The Paradox of Progress. New Haven:
     Yale University Press, 1976.

Fujii, Shin'ichi. The Constitution of Japan: A Historical
     Survey. Tokyo: Hokuseido Press, 1965.

Fujitani, Takashi. "Electronic Pageantry and Japan's 'Symbolic
     Emperor'," Journal of Asian Studies, 51, No. 4,
     November 1992, 824-50.

Fukatsu Masumi. "Doi Takako Tackles the Obstacles of Power,"
     Japan Quarterly [Tokyo], 37, No. 1, January-March
     1990, 24-30.

Fukui, Haruhiro. "Electoral Laws and the Japanese Party System."
     Pages 119-43 in Gail Lee Bernstein and Fukui Haruhiro (eds.),
     Japan and the World: Essays on Japanese History and
     Politics in Honour of Ishida Takeshi. Basingstoke, United
     Kingdom: Macmillan Press, 1988.

------. "Japan in 1988: At the End of an Era," Asian
     Survey, 29, No. 1, January 1989, 1-11.

------. "The Liberal Democratic Party Revisited: Continuity and
     Change in the Party's Structure and Performance," Journal
     of Japanese Studies, 10, No. 2, Summer 1984, 385-436.

"Gengo: The Big Debate," Japan Quarterly [Tokyo],
     26, No. 1, January-March 1979, 3-6.

Haley, John Owen. Authority Without Power: Law and the Japanese
     Paradox. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991.

------. "Governance by Negotiation: A Reappraisal of Bureaucratic
     Power in Japan," Journal of Japanese Studies, 13, No.
     2, Summer 1987, 343-58.

------. "Sheathing the Sword of Justice in Japan: An Essay on Law
     Without Sanctions," Journal of Japanese Studies, 8,
     No. 2, Summer 1982, 265-82.

Hane, Mikiso. Peasants, Rebels, and Outcastes: The Underside of
     Modern Japan. New York: Pantheon Books, 1982.

Harari, Ehud. "The Institutionalisation of Policy Consultation in
     Japan: Public Advisory Boards." Pages 144-57 in Gail Lee
     Bernstein and Haruhiro Fukui (eds.), Japan and the World:
     Essays on Japanese History and Politics in Honour of Ishida
     Takeshi. Basingstoke, United Kingdom: Macmillan Press,
     1988.

Hardacre, Helen. Shinto and the State, 1868-1988. (Studies
     in Church and State.) Princeton: Princeton University Press,
     1989.

Hata Ikuhiko. "When Ideologues Write History," Japan Echo
     [Tokyo], 13, No. 4, Winter 1986, 73-78.

Hayami Yujiro. Japanese Agriculture under Seige: The Political
     Economy of Agricultural Policies. (Studies in the Modern
     Japanese Economy.) Basingstoke, United Kingdom: Macmillan
     Press, 1988.

Henderson, Dan Fenno. The Constitution of Japan: Its First
     Twenty Years, 1947-1967. Seattle: University of
     Washington Press, 1968.

Hoffman, Steven A. "Faction Behavior and Cultural Codes: India and
     Japan," Journal of Asian Studies, 40, No. 2, February
     1981, 231-54.

Holtom, Daniel Clarence. The Japanese Enthronement
     Ceremonies. (A Monumenta Nipponica Monograph.) Tokyo:
     Sophia University, 1972.

------. The Political Philosophy of Modern Shinto: A Study of
     the State Religion of Japan. (Reprint of 1922 edition.)
     New York: AMS Press, 1984.

Huffman, James L. "The Idioms of Contemporary Japan XI: Kinmyaku,
     Jinmyaku," Japan Interpreter [Tokyo], 9, No. 4,
     Spring 1975, 505-15.

Ike, Nobutaka. The Beginning of Political Democracy in
     Japan. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1950.

------. A Theory of Japanese Democracy. (Westview Special
     Studies on China and East Asia.) Boulder, Colorado: Westview
     Press, 1978.

Inoguchi, Takashi. "Explaining and Predicting Japanese General
     Elections, 1960-1980," Journal of Japanese Studies,
     7, No. 2, Summer 1981, 285-318.

------. "Japanese Politics in Transition: A Theoretical Review,"
     Government and Opposition [London], 28, No. 4, Autumn
     1993, 443-55.

Iriye, Akira. Power and Culture: The Japanese-American War,
     1941-1945. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1981.

Ishida, Takeshi, and Ellis S. Krauss (eds.). Democracy in
     Japan. (Pitt Series in Policy and Institutional Studies.)
     Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1989.

Ishii Ryosuke. A History of Political Institutions in
     Japan. Tokyo: Japan Foundation, 1980.

Jain, Purnendra. "Is the Mountain Back in Place? Interpreting
     Japan's House of Councillors Election of 1992," Pacific
     Review [London], 6, No. 1, 77-84.

Japan. Foreign Press Center. The Diet, Elections, and Political
     Parties. (About Japan Series, 13.) Tokyo: 1985.

Japan: An Illustrated Encyclopedia. (2 vols.) Tokyo:
     Kodansha, 1993.

Johnson, Chalmers. "Japan: Who Governs? An Essay on Official
     Bureaucracy," Journal of Japanese Studies, 2, No. 1,
     Autumn 1975, 1-28.

------. "Omote (Explicit) and Ura (Implicit): Translating Japanese
     Political Terms," Journal of Japanese Studies, 6, No.
     1, Winter 1980, 89-116.

------. "Tanaka Kukuei, Structural Corruption, and the Advent of
     Machine Politics in Japan," Journal of Japanese
     Studies, 12, No. 1, Winter 1986, 1-28.

Kesavan, K.V. "Political Watershed 1989," Japan Quarterly
     [Tokyo], 37, No. 1, January-March 1990, 31-36.

Kishimoto Koichi. Politics in Modern Japan: Development and
     Organization. Tokyo: Japan Echo, 1977.

Kodansha Encyclopedia of Japan. (9 vols.) Tokyo: Kodansha,
     1983.

Koh, B.C. Japan's Administrative Elite. Berkeley:
     University of California Press, 1989.

Koppel, Bruce, and Michael Plummer. "Japan's Ascendancy as a
     Foreign-Aid Power: Asian Perspectives," Asian Survey,
     29, No. 11, November 1989, 1043-56.

Koschmann, J. Victor. Authority and the Individual in Japan:
     Citizen Protest in Historical Perspective. Tokyo:
     University of Tokyo Press, 1978.

------. "The Idioms of Contemporary Japan VIII: Tatemae to Honne,"
     Japan Interpreter [Tokyo], 9, No. 1, Spring 1974,
     98-104.

------. "The Idioms of Contemporary Japan X: Ko to Shi," Japan
     Interpreter [Tokyo], 9, No. 3, Winter 1975, 361-67.

Krauss, Ellis S. "Conflict in the Diet: Toward Conflict Management
     in Parliamentary Politics." Pages 243-93 in Ellis S. Krauss,
     Thomas P. Rohlen, and Patricia G. Steinhoff (eds.),
     Conflict in Japan. Honolulu: University of Hawaii
     Press, 1984.

Kubota Akira. "The Political Influence of the Japanese Higher Civil
     Service," Japan Quarterly [Tokyo], 28, No. 2,
     April-June 1981, 45-55.

Kumon Shumpei. "Japan Faces Its Future: The Political-Economics of
     Administrative Reform," Journal of Japanese Studies,
     10, No. 1, Winter 1984, 143-66.

Kuo, Cheng-Tian, and Takuya Yanagisawa. "The Politics of Japan's
     Rice Trade," Journal of Northeast Asian Studies, 11,
     No. 4, Winter 1992, 19-39.

Kyogoku Jun'ichi. The Political Dynamics of Japan.
     (Trans., Ike Nobutaka.) Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press,
     1987.

Large, Stephen. Emperor Hirohito and Showa Japan: A Political
     Biography. (Nissan Institute/Routledge Japanese Studies
     Series.) London: Routledge, 1992.

Lee, T.S.Y. (ed.). "Japan." In Albert P. Blaustein and Gisbert H.
     Flanz (eds.), Constitutions of the Countries of the
     World, 8. Dobbs Ferry, New York: Oceana, February 1973.

Maruyama Masao. Thought and Behavior in Modern Japanese
     Politics. (Oxford in Asia College Texts.) Tokyo: Oxford
     University Press, 1979.

McCormack, Gavan, and Yoshio Sugimoto. Democracy in
     Contemporary Japan. Armonk, New York: Sharpe, 1986.

McCormack, Gavan, and Yoshio Sugimoto (eds.). The Japanese
     Trajectory: Modernization and Beyond. New York: Cambridge
     University Press, 1988.

McIntosh, Malcolm. Japan Re-armed. New York: St. Martin's
     Press, 1986.

McKean, Margaret A. Environmental Protest and Citizen Politics
     in Japan. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1981.

McNelly, Theodore H. "`Induced Revolution': The Policy and Process
     of Constitutional Reform in Occupied Japan." Pages 76-106 in
     Robert E. Ward and Sakamoto Yoshikazu (eds.),
     Democratizing Japan: The Allied Occupation. Honolulu:
     University of Hawaii, 1987.

Mover, Ross, and Yoshio Sugimoto. Images of Japanese Society:
     A Study in the Social Construction of Reality. London:
     Kegan Paul, 1986.

Murakami Yasusuke. "The Age of New Middle Mass Politics: The Case
     of Japan," Journal of Japanese Studies, 8, No. 1,
     Winter 1982, 29-72.

Muramatsu Michio. "Center-Local Political Relations in Japan: A
     Lateral Competition Model," Journal of Japanese
     Studies, 12, No. 2, Summer 1986, 303-28.

------. "In Search of National Identity: The Politics and Policies
     of the Nakasone Administration," Journal of Japanese
     Studies, 13, No. 2, Summer 1987, 307-42.

Najita, Tetsuo. Japan: The Intellectual Foundations of Modern
     Japanese Politics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press,
     1974.

Nakagawa Yatsuhiro. "Japan, the Welfare Super-Power," Journal
     of Japanese Studies, 5, No. 1, Winter 1979, 5-52.

Nakamura, Masanori. The Japanese Monarchy, 1931-1991:
     Ambassador Grew and the Making of the "Symbol Emperor System,"
     1931-1991. (Trans., Herbert Bix.) (Asia and the Pacific
     Series.) Armonk, New York: Sharpe, 1992.

Nakane Chie. Japanese Society. Berkeley: University of
     California Press, 1970.

Nathan, John. Mishima: A Biography. Boston: Little, Brown,
     1974.

Noble, Gregory W. "Japan in 1992: Just Another Aging Superpower,"
     Asian Survey, 33, No. 1, January 1993, 1-11.

------. "Japan in 1993: Humpty Dumpty Had a Great Fall," Asian
     Survey, 34, No. 1, January 1994, 19-29.

Odawara Atsushi. "Kaifu Toshiki: Prime Minister Betwixt and
     Between," Japan Quarterly [Tokyo], 36, No. 4,
     October-December 1989, 368-74.

------. "A Vague Uneasiness Haunts Voters," Japan
     Quarterly [Tokyo], 37, No. 2, April-June 1990, 153-57.

Packard, Jerrold M. Sons of Heaven: A Portrait of the Japanese
     Monarchy. New York: Scribner's, 1987.

Pempel, T.J. Policy and Politics in Industrial States.
     Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1982.

------. "The Tar Baby Target: 'Reform' of the Japanese
     Bureaucracy." Pages 157-87 in Robert E. Ward and Sakamoto
     Yoshikazu (eds.), Democratizing Japan: The Allied
     Occupation. Honolulu: University of Hawaii, 1987.

------. "The Unbundling of 'Japan Incorporated': The Changing
     Dynamics of Japanese Policy Formation," Journal of
     Japanese Studies, 13, No. 2, Summer 1987, 271-306.

Pempel, T.J. (ed.). Uncommon Democracies: The One-Party
     Dominant Regimes. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1990.

Pharr, Susan J. "The Politics of Human Rights." Pages 221-52 in 
     Robert E. Ward and Sakamoto Yoshikazu (eds.),
     Democratizing Japan: The Allied Occupation. Honolulu:
     University of Hawaii, 1987.

Powles, Cyril. "Yasukuni: Jinja Hoan: Religion and
     Politics in Contemporary Japan," Pacific Affairs
     [Vancouver], 49, No. 3, Fall 1976, 491-505.

Prestowitz, Clyde V., Jr. Trading Places: How We Allowed Japan
     to Take the Lead. New York: Basic Books, 1988.

Quo, F. Quei. "The Impact of Domestic Politics on Japan's Foreign
     Policy." Pages 176-96 in Gail Lee Bernstein and Haruhiro Fukui
     (eds.), Japan and the World: Essays on Japanese History
     and Politics in Honour of Ishida Takeshi. Basingstoke,
     United Kingdom: Macmillan Press, 1988.

Ramsdell, Daniel B. The Japanese Diet: Stability and Change in
     the Japanese House of Representatives, 1890-1990. Lanham,
     Maryland: University Press of America, 1992.

Ramseyer, J. Mark, and Frances McCall Rosenbluth. Japan's
     Political Marketplace. Cambridge: Harvard University
     Press, 1993.

Reed, Steven R. "Is Japanese Government Really Centralized?"
     Journal of Japanese Studies, 8, No. 1, Winter 1982,
     133-64.

Richardson, Bradley M. "Constituency Candidates Versus Parties in
     Japanese Voting Behavior," American Political Science
     Review, 82, No. 3, September 1988, 695-718.

------. The Political Culture of Japan. Berkeley:
     University of California Press, 1974.

Richardson, Bradley M., and Scott C. Flanagan. Politics:
     Japan. (Little Brown Series in Comparative Politics.)
     Boston: Little, Brown, 1984.

Richie, Donald. "Japanese Cinema." Pages 19-31 in Wimal Dissanayake
     (ed.), Cinema and Cultural Identity: Reflections on Films
     from Japan, India, and China. Lanham, Maryland:
     University Press of America, 1988.

Rohlen, Thomas P. "Order in Japanese Society: Attachment,
     Authority, and Routine," Journal of Japanese Studies,
     15, No. 1, Winter 1989, 5-40.

Sakamoto Yoshikazu. "The International Context of the Occupation of
     Japan." Pages 42-75 in Robert E. Ward and Sakamoto Yoshikazu
     (eds.), Democratizing Japan: The Allied Occupation.
     Honolulu: University of Hawaii, 1987.

Samuels, Richard J. "Japan in 1989: Changing Times," Asian
     Survey, 30, No. 1, January 1990, 42-51.

Sansom, George B. The Western World and Japan: A Study in the
     Interaction of European and Asiatic Cultures. Rutland,
     Vermont: Tuttle, 1977.

Sasaki Takeshi. "The LDP Teeters in the Political Balance,"
     Japan Quarterly [Tokyo], 36, No. 4, October-December
     1989, 375-80.

Seekins, Donald M. "Cultural Essentialism in Contemporary Japan:
     The Issue of Identity," University of the Ryukyus Law
     Review [Nishihara, Okinawa], No. 45, 1990, 197-232.

"Showa 64, Heisei 1," Monumenta Nipponica [Tokyo], 44, No.
     1, Spring 1989, 99-101.

Shulman, Frank Joseph (ed.). Japan. (World Bibliographical
     Series, No. 103.) Santa Barbara, California: ABC-Clio, 1989.

Skinner, Kenneth. "The Idioms of Contemporary Japan XIX: Sarariman
     Manga," Japan Interpreter [Tokyo], 12, Nos. 3-4,
     Summer 1979, 449-57.

Smith, Charles. "Rightist Revision: The Flag-and-Anthem Furor in
     Schools," Far Eastern Economic Review [Hong Kong],
     148, No. 17, April 26, 1990, 21.

Steiner, Kurt, Ellis S. Krauss, and Scott C. Flangaar (eds.).
     Political Opposition and Local Politics in Japan.
     Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1980.

Steinhoff, Patricia G. "Hijackers, Bombers, and Bank Robbers:
     Managerial Style in the Japanese Red Army," Journal of
     Asian Studies, 48, No. 4, November 1989, 724-40.

Steven, R.P.G. "Hybrid Constitutionalism in Prewar Japan,"
     Journal of Japanese Studies, 3, No. 1, Winter 1977,
     99-134.

Stockwin, J.A.A. Japan: Divided Politics in a Growth
     Economy. (Comparative Modern Government Series.) New
     York: Norton, 1975.

------. "Japanese Politics: Good or Bad?" Pages 158-75 in Gail Lee
     Bernstein and Haruhiro Fukui (eds.), Japan and the World:
     Essays on Japanese History and Politics in Honour of Ishida
     Takeshi. Basingstoke, Hampshire, United Kingdom:
     Macmillan Press, 1988.

Stockwin, J.A.A., et al. Dynamic and Immobilist Politics in
     Japan. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1988.

Tachibanaki, Toshiaki. "Japan's New Policy Agenda: Coping with
     Unequal Asset Distribution," Journal of Japanese
     Studies, 15, No. 2, Summer 1989, 345-70.

Takabatake Michitoshi. "The LDP Victory: A Clear Path for the
     Future?" Japan Quarterly [Tokyo], 37, No. 2,
     April-June 1990, 145-52.

------. "The Liberal Democratic Party in Crisis," Japan
     Quarterly [Tokyo], 36, No. 3, July-September 1989,
     244-51.

Takagi Masayuki. "The Japanese Right Wing," Japan
     Quarterly [Tokyo], 36, No. 3, July-September 1989,
     300-305.

Tanaka Hideo. "The Conflict Between Two Legal Traditions in Making
     the Constitution of Japan." Pages 107-32 in Robert E. Ward and
     Sakamoto Yoshikazu (eds.), Democratizing Japan: The Allied
     Occupation. Honolulu: University of Hawaii, 1987.

Tanaka Hideo (ed.). The Japanese Legal System: Introductory
     Cases and Materials. Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press,
     1976.

Thayer, Nathaniel B. How the Conservatives Rule Japan.
     (Studies of the East Asian Institute, Columbia University.)
     Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1969.

Tsunoda, Ryusaku, Wm. Theodore de Bary, and Donald Keene (comps.).
     Sources of Japanese Tradition. (Records of
     Civilization, Sources and Studies.) New York: Columbia
     University Press, 1958.

Ueno, Chizuko. "The Japanese Women's Movement: The Contervalues to
     Industrialism." Pages 167-85 in Gavan McCormack and Yoshio
     Sugimoto (eds.), The Japanese Trajectory: Modernization
     and Beyond. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1988.

United States. Department of State. Country Reports on Human
     Rights Practices for 1989. (Report submitted to United
     States Congress, 101st, 2d Session, Senate, Committee on
     Foreign Relations, and House of Representatives, Committee on
     Foreign Affairs.) Washington: GPO, February 1990.

------. "The Japan Problem," Foreign Affairs, 65, No. 2,
     Winter 1986-87, 288-303.

Ward, Robert E. Japan's Political System. (2d ed.)
     Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1978.

Ward, Robert E. (ed.). Political Development in Modern
     Japan. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1968.

Ward, Robert E., and Sakamoto Yoshikazu (eds.). Democratizing
     Japan: The Allied Occupation. Honolulu: University of
     Hawaii, 1987.

Who's Who in Japanese Government, 1988-89. Tokyo:
     International Cultural Association, 1988.

Wolfe, Eugene L., III. "Japan's LDP Considers Electoral Reform: A
     Neglected Political Debt," Asian Survey, 32, No. 6,
     September 1992, 773-86.

Wolferen, Karel G. van. The Enigma of Japanese Power: People
     and Politics in a Stateless Nation. New York: Knopf,
     1989.

------. "Japan's Non-Revolution," Foreign Affairs, 72, No.
     4, September-October 1993, 54-65.

Yamamoto Taketoshi. "The Press Club of Japan," Journal of
     Japanese Studies, 15, No. 2, Summer 1989, 371-88.

Yamamura, Kozo. "Shedding the Shackles of Success: Saving Less for
     Japan's Future," Journal of Japanese Studies, 13, No.
     2, Summer 1987, 429-56.

Yayama, Taro. "The Newspapers Conduct a Mad Rhaposdy over the
     Textbook Issue," Journal of Japanese Studies, 9, No.
     2, Summer 1983, 301-16.

------. "The Recruit Scandal: Learning from the Causes of
     Conflict," Journal of Japanese Studies, 16, No. 4,
     Winter, 1990, 93-114.

    (Various issues of the following publications were also used in
the preparation of this chapter: Asahi Nenkan (Asahi
Yearbook) [Tokyo], 1987-89; Asahi Shimbun [Tokyo],
1989-90; Asian Wall Street Journal [Hong Kong], 1988-90;
Economist [London], 1988-90; Far Eastern Economic
Review [Hong Kong], 1988-90; Japan Times [Tokyo],
1988-90; and Ryukyu Shimpo [Naha], 1988-90.)

Chapter 7

Abe Shintaro. Creative Dipomacy: Japan's Initiative for Peace
     and Prosperity. Tokyo: Ministry of Foreign Affairs,
     January 1985.

Akaha, Tsuneo, and Frank Langdon (eds.). Japan in the
     Posthegemonic World. Boulder, Colorado: Rienner, 1993.

Anderson, Desaix. "U.S. and Japan: Myths, Threats, and
     Opportunities," SAIS Review, 13, No. 2, Summer-Fall
     1993, 95-106.

Arase, David. "Japanese Policy Toward Democracy and Human Rights in
     Asia," Asian Survey, 23, No. 10, October 1993, 935-
     52.

Asada, Sadai (ed.). Japan and the World, 1853-1952: A
     Bibliographic Guide to Japanese Scholarship in Foreign
     Relations. (Studies of the East Asian Institute, Columbia
     University.) New York: Columbia University Press, 1989.

Asia 1990 Yearbook. (Ed., Michael Malik.) Hong Kong:
     Review, 1990.

Auer, James A., et al. "Japan, 1988," Current History, 87,
     No. 528, April 1988, 115-92.

Bibliography of Asian Studies. (Annuals 1984 through
     1986.) Ann Arbor: Association for Asian Studies, 1984-86.

Bienen, Henry (ed.). Power, Economics, and Security: The United
     States and Japan in Focus. (Pew Studies in Economics and
     Security.) Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1992.

Blaker, Michael. Japanese International Negotiating Style.
     (Studies of the East Asian Institute, Columbia University.)
     New York: Columbia University Press, 1977.

Bloch, Julia Chang. "A U.S.-Japan Aid Alliance: Prospects for
     Cooperation in an Era of Conflict." (Program on U.S.-Japan
     Relations, Harvard University.) Cambridge: 1989.

Bridges, Brian. "Japan: Hesitant Superpower," Conflict
     Studies [London], No. 264, September 1993, 1-29.

------. "Japan and Europe: Rebalancing an Relationship," Asian
     Survey, 32, No. 3, March 1992, 230-45.

------. Japan and Korea in the 1990s: From Antagonism to
     Adjustment. Aldershot, United Kingdom: Elgar, 1993.

------. "Japan's Aid Relations with Military Regimes in Burma,
     1962-1991: The Kokunaika Process," Asian Survey, 32,
     No. 3, March 1992, 246-62.

Brown, Eugene. "The Debate over Japan's Strategic Future:
     Bilateralism Versus Regionalism," Asian Survey, 33,
     No. 6, June 1993, 543-59.

Brown, Harold. "The United States and Japan: High Tech Is Foreign
     Policy," SAIS Review, 9, No. 2, Summer-Fall 1989,
     1-18.

Buckley, Roger. U.S.-Japan Alliance Diplomacy, 1945-1990.
     (Cambridge Studies in International Relations, No. 21.)
     Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.

Buzan, Barry. "Japan's Future: Old History Versus New Roles,"
     International Affairs [London], 64, No. 4, October
     1988, 557-73.

Clark, William, Jr. "U.S.-Japan Relations," Department of State
     Bulletin, 88, No. 2141, December 1988, 27-30.

Corning, Gregory P. "U.S.-Japan Security Cooperation in the 1990s:
     The Promise of High-Tech Defense," Asian Survey, 29,
     No. 3, March 1989, 268-86.

Curtis, Gerald L. (ed.). Japan's Foreign Policy after the Cold
     War. (Studies of the East Asian Institute.) Armonk, New
     York: Sharpe, 1993.

------. The United States and Japan in Asia: Challenges for
     U.S. Policy. New York: Norton, 1994.

Dauvergne, Peter. "Nuclear Power Development in Japan: `Outside
     Forces' and the Politics of Reciprocal Consent," Asian
     Survey, 33, No. 6, June 1993, 576-91.

Destler, I.M., Hideo Sato, Priscilla Clapp, and Haruhiro Fukui.
     Managing an Alliance: The Politics of U.S.-Japanese
     Relations. Washington: Brookings Institution, 1976.

deVillafranca, Richard. "Japan and the Northern Territories
     Dispute: Past, Present, Future," Asian Survey, 33,
     No. 6, June 1993, 610-24.

Drifte, Reinhard. Japan's Foreign Policy. (Chatham House
     Papers.) New York: Council on Foreign Relations Press, 1990.

Duus, Peter, Ramon H. Meyers, and Mark R. Peattie (eds.). The
     Japanese Informal Empire in China, 1895-1937. Princeton:
     Princeton University Press, 1989.

Edstrom, Bert. Japan's Quest for A Role in the World: Roles
     Ascribed to Japan Nationally and Internationally,
     1969-1982. Stockholm: University of Stockholm, 1988.

Emmott, Bill. The Sun Also Sets: The Limits to Japan's Economic
     Power. New York: Times Books, 1989.

Falkenheim, Peggy L. "Evolving Regional Ties in Northeast Asia:
     Japan, the U.S., and the USSR," Asian Survey, 28, No.
     12, December 1988, 1229-44.

------. "The Soviet Union, Japan, and East Asia: The Security
     Dimension," Journal of Northeast Asian Studies, 8,
     No. 4, Winter 1989, 43-59.

Fallows, James. "Containing Japan," Atlantic Monthly, 263,
     No. 5, May 1989, 51-54.

Frost, Ellen L. For Richer, For Poorer: The New U.S.-Japan
     Relationship. New York: Council on Foreign Relations,
     1987.

Fukui, Haruhiro. "Japan in 1988: At the End of an Era," Asian
     Survey, 29, No. 1, January 1989, 1-11.

Fukuyama, Francis, and Kongdan Oh. The U.S.-Japan Security
     Relationship after the Cold War. Santa Monica,
     California: Rand, 1993.

Gelman, Harry. Russo-Japanese Relations and the Future of the
     U.S.-Japanese Alliance. (Project Air Force, MR-168-AF.)
     Santa Monica, California: Rand, 1993.

George, Aurelia. "Japan and the United States: Dependent Ally or
     Equal Partner?" Pages 237-96 in J.A.A. Stockwin et al.,
     Dynamic and Immobilist Politics in Japan. Honolulu:
     University of Hawaii Press, 1988.

------. "Japan's Participation in U.N. Peace-keeping Operations:
     Radical Departure or Predictable Responses?" Asian
     Survey, 33, No. 6, June 1993, 560-75.

Giffard, Sidney. Japan among the Powers, 1880-1990. New
     Haven: Yale University Press, 1994.

Goble, Andrew, and James C. Carlson. "Japan's America-Bashers:
     America's Assertive Allies," Orbis, 34, No. 1, Winter
     1990, 83-102.

Grimm, Margo. "Growing Global Role Reflected in Japan's FY 1993
     Foreign Aid Budget," JEI Report, No. 1B, January 8,
     1993, 10-11.

Hanami, Andrew K. "The Emerging Military-Industrial Relationship in
     Japan and the U.S. Connection," Asian Survey, 33, No.
     6, June 1993, 592-609.

Hasegawa, Tsuyoshi. "Japanese Perceptions and Policies Toward the
     Soviet Union: Changes and Prospects under the Gorbachev Era."
     Pages 23-37 in Pushpa Thambipillai and Daniel C. Matuszewski
     (eds.), The Soviet Union and the Asia-Pacific Region:
     Views from the Region. New York: Praeger, 1989.

Hellman, Donald C. China and Japan: A New Balance of
     Power. Lexington, Massachusetts: Lexington Books, 1976.

Hinton, Harold C. Three and a Half Powers: New Balance in
     Asia. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1975.

Horne, Mari Kuraishi. "The Northern Territories: Source or
     Symptom?" Journal of Northeast Asian Studies, 8, No.
     4, Winter 1989, 60-76.

Inoguchi, Takashi. Japan's Foreign Policy in an Era of Global
     Change. London: Pinter, 1993.

Iriye, Akira. China and Japan in the Global Setting.
     Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1992.

Islam, Shafiqul. "Capitalism Conflict," Foreign Affairs,
     69, No. 1, Winter 1989-90, 172-82.

Ito, Kan. "Trans-Pacific Anger," Foreign Policy, No. 78,
     Spring 1990, 131-52.

Jain, Rajendra Kumar. The USSR and Japan, 1945-1980.
     Atlantic Heights, New Jersey: Humanities Press, 1981.

Japan. Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Gaiko seisho (Foreign
     Affairs Blue Paper.) Tokyo: 1988.

______. Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Bureau of Economic
     Cooperation. Waga kuni no seifu kaihatsu enjo
     (Japan's Official Development Assistance). Tokyo: 1991.

Japan: An Illustrated Encyclopedia. (2 vols.) Tokyo:
     Kodansha, 1993.

Kearns, Kevin L. "After FSX: A New Approach to U.S.-Japan
     Relations," Foreign Service Journal, 66, No. 12,
     December 1989, 43-48.

Kesavan, K.V. "Japan and the Tiananmen Square Incident: Aspects of
     the Bilateral Relationship," Asian Survey, 30, No. 7,
     July 1990, 669-81.

Khanna, Vinod. "Sino-Japanese Relations in the Post-Cold War
     Perspective," China Report [New Delhi], 28, No. 4,
     October-December 1992, 329-45.

Kimura, Hiroshi. "Gorbachev's Japan Policy: The Northern
     Territories Issues," Asian Survey, 31, No. 9,
     September 1991, 798-816.

Kitamura, Hiroshi, Ryohei Murata, and Hisahiko Okazaki. Between
     Friends: Japanese Diplomats Look at Japan-U.S. Relations.
     (Trans., Daniel R. Zoll.) New York: Weatherhill, 1985.

Kodansha Encyclopedia of Japan. (9 vols.) Tokyo: Kodansha,
     1983.

Kohno, Masaru. "Japanese Defense Policy Making: The FSX Selection,
     1985-1987," Asian Survey, 29, No. 5, May 1989,
     457-79.

Langdon, Frank C. Japan's Foreign Policy. Vancouver:
     University of Vancouver Press, 1973.

Lauren, Paul Gordon, and Raymond F. Wylie (eds.). Destinies
     Shared: U.S.-Japanese Relations. Boulder, Colorado:
     Westview Press, 1989.

Lee, Jung-Hoon. "Korean-Japanese Relations: The Past, Present and
     Future," Korea Observer [Seoul], 21, No. 2, Summer,
     1990, 179-97.

L'Estrange, Michael G. The Internationalization of Japan's
     Security Policy: Challenges and Dilemmas for a Reluctant
     Power. (Policy Papers in International Affairs, No. 36.)
     Berkeley: Institute of International Studies, University of
     California, 1990.

Mack, Andrew, and Martin O'Hare. "Moscow-Tokyo and the Northern
     Territories Dispute", Asian Survey, 30, No. 4, April
     1990, 380-94.

Makin, John H., and Donald C. Hellmann. Sharing World
     Leadership?: A New Era for America and Japan. (AEI
     Studies No. 488.) Washington: American Enterprise Institute
     for Public Policy Research, 1989.

Mansfield, Mike. "The United States and Japan: Sharing Our
     Destinies," Foreign Affairs, 68, No. 3, Spring 1989,
     3-15.

Martin, Jurek. "Trivializing the U.S.-Japan Debate,"
     International Economy, 4, No. 2, April-May 1990,
     26-30.

Masuzoe Yoichi. "Japan and the United States," Japan Echo
     [Tokyo], 16, No. 2, Summer 1989, 58-74.

Maurer, John H. "The United States and Japan: Collision Course?"
     Strategic Review, 21, No. 2, Spring 1993, 41-51.

Menon, Rajan, and Daniel Abele. "Security Dimensions of Soviet
     Territorial Disputes with China and Japan," Journal of
     Northeast Asian Studies, 8, No. 1, Spring 1989, 3-19.

Meyer, Peggy Falkenheim. "Moscow's Relations with Tokyo: Domestic
     Obstacles to a Territorial Agreement," Asian Survey,
     23, No. 10, October 1993, 953-67.

Miyoshi, Masao. Off Center: Power and Culture Relations Between
     Japan and the United States. (Convergence Series.)
     Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1991.

Miyoshi, Masao, and H.D. Harootunian (eds.). Japan and the
     World. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press,
     1993.

Morley, James W. Japan's Foreign Policy, 1868-1941: A Research
     Guide. (Studies of the East Asian Institute.) New York:
     Columbia University Press, 1973.

Morse, Ronald A. "Japan's Drive to Pre-Eminence," Foreign
     Policy, No. 69, Winter 1987-88, 3-21.

Nakasone Yasuhiro. "Beyond the Horizon of the Pacific." (CISA
     Working Paper No. 63.) Los Angeles: Center for International
     and Strategic Affairs, University of California, 1988.

Nester, William R. "Japan, Russia, and the Northern Territories:
     Continuities, Charges, Obstacles, Opportunities," Third
     World Quarterly [London], 14, No. 4, November 1993, 717-
     34.

------. Japan and the Third World: Patterns, Power,
     Prospects. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1992.

------. Japan's Growing Predominance over East Asia and the
     World Economy. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1990.

Niksch, Larry A., et al. "Forum: Japan-United States Relations,"
     CRS Review, 10, No. 6, July 1989, 1-23.

Nish, Ian. Japanese Foreign Policy, 1869-1942: Kasumigaseki to
     Miyakezaka. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1977.

Okazaki, Hisahiko. "Burden Sharing for a Military Balance,"
     Japan Echo [Tokyo], 15, No. 3, Autumn 1988, 44-47.

Okita Saburo. Japan in the World Economy of the 1980s.
     Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press, 1989.

------. "Japan's Quiet Strength," Foreign Policy, No. 75,
     Summer 1989, 128-45.

Orr, Robert M., Jr. "The Aid Factor in U.S.-Japan Relations,"
     Asian Survey, 28, No. 7, July 1988, 740-56.

------. "Collaboration or Conflict? Foreign Aid and U.S.-Japan
     Relations," Pacific Affairs [Vancouver], 62, No. 4,
     Winter 1989, 476-89.

Peek, John M. "Japan, the United Nations, and Human Rights,"
     Asian Survey, 32, No. 3, March 1992, 217-29.

Prestowitz, Clyde V., Jr. Trading Places: How We Allowed Japan
     to Take the Lead. New York: Basic Books, 1988.

Pyle, Kenneth B. The Japanese Question: Power and Purpose in a
     New Era. Washington: AEI Press, 1992.

Rozman, Gilbert. Japan's Response to the Gorbachev Era, 1985-
     1991: A Rising Superpower Views a Declining One.
     Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992.

Rubinstein, Gregg A. "U.S.-Japan Security Relations: A Maturing
     Partnership?" Fletcher Forum of World Affairs, 12,
     No. 1, Winter 1988, 41-54.

Saito, Shiro. Japan at the Summit: Japan's Role in the Western
     Alliance and Asian Pacific Cooperation. London: Routledge
     for the Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1990.

Sato, Seizaburo. "Appraising the Japan-United States Partnership,"
     Japan Echo [Tokyo], 15, No. 3, Autumn 1988, 38-43.

Sato, Seizaburo, et al. The Policy Recommendations on the
     "Strengthening of the U.N. Peace Function and Japan's
     Role." Tokyo: Japan Forum on International Relations,
     October 1992.

Scalapino, Robert A. The Foreign Policy of Modern Japan.
     Berkeley: University of California Press, 1977.

Scalapino, Robert A., Seizaburo Sato, Jusuf Wanadi, and Sung-joo
     Han. Asia and the Major Powers: Domestic Politics and
     Foreign Policy. (Research Papers and Policy Studies, No.
     13.) Berkeley: Institute of East Asian Studies, University of
     California, 1988.

Schlosstein, Steven B. "The New McCarthyism: Inside Washington's
     `Apologist v. Revisionist' Debate," International
     Economy, 4, No. 2, April-May 1990, 32-35.

Schonberger, Howard B. Aftermath of War: Americans and the
     Remaking of Japan, 1945-1952. Kent, Ohio: Kent State
     University Press, 1989.

Segal, Gerald. "The USSR and Asia in 1988: Achievements and Risks,"
     Asian Survey, 29, No. 1, January 1989, 101-11.

Shulman, Frank Joseph (ed.). Japan. (World Bibliographical
     Series, No. 103.) Santa Barbara, California: ABC-Clio, 1989.

Spencer, Edson W. "Japan as Competitor," Foreign Policy,
     No. 78, Spring 1990, 153-71.

Stallings, Barbara. Common Vision, Different Paths: The United
     States and Japan in the Developing World. (ODC Policy
     Perspectives, No. 19.) Washington: Overseas Development
     Council, 1993.

Stockwin, J.A.A., et al. Dynamic and Immobilist Politics in
     Japan. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1988.

Stokes, Bruce. "Economic Report: Who's Standing Tall?" National
     Journal, 21, No. 42, October 21, 1989, 2568-73.

Sugihara, Kaoru, and J.A. Allan (eds.). Japan in the
     Contemporary Middle East. London: Routledge, 1993.

Swearingen, Rodger. The Soviet Union and Postwar Japan.
     Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1978.

Tanada, William, et al. "The U.S.-Japan Trade and Security
     Relationship," Fletcher Forum of World Affairs, 12,
     No. 1, Winter 1988, 1-80.

Thambipillae, Pushpa, and Daniel C. Makuszewski (eds.). The
     Soviet Union and the Asia-Pacific Region: Views from the
     Region. New York: Praeger, 1989.

Trezise, Phillip H. "Japan, the Enemy?" Brookings Review,
     8, No. 1, Winter 1989-90, 3-13.

Tsurumi, Yoshi. "U.S.-Japanese Relations: From Brinkmanship to
     Statesmanship," World Policy Journal, 7, No. 1,
     Winter 1989-90, 1-33.

Unger, Danny, and Paul Blackburn (eds.). Japan's Emerging
     Global Role. (An Institute for the Study of Diplomacy
     Book.) Boulder, Colorado: Rienner, 1993.

United States. Congress. 101st, 2d Session. House of
     Representatives. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on
     International Economic Policy and Trade. U.S. Power in a
     Changing World: Proceedings of a Seminar Held by the
     Congressional Research Service--November 19-20, 1989.
     Washington: GPO, May 1990.

------. Congress. 101st, 2d Session. House of Representatives.
     Committee on Ways and Means. East Asia: Challenges for
     U.S. Economic and Security Interests in the 1990s: A
     Workshop. Washington: GPO, September 26, 1988.

------. Congress. 101st, 2d Session. House of Representatives.
     Committee on Armed Services. U.S.-Japan Burden Sharing:
     Japan has Increased Its Contributions But Could Do More.
     (Report to the committee chairman, GAO/NSIAD-89-188.)
     Washington: August 15, 1989.

Wang, Qingxin Ken. "Recent Japanese Economic Diplomacy in China:
     Political Alignment in a Changing World," Asian
     Survey, 33, No. 6, June 1993, 625-41.

Watts, William, in collaboration with Seizaburo Sato. America
     and Japan: How We See Each Other. Washington: Commission
     on US-Japan Relations for the Twenty First Century, May 2,
     1990.

Weinstein, Martin E. "Trade Problems and U.S.-Japanese Security
     Cooperation," Washington Quarterly, 11, No. 1, Winter
     1988, 19-33.

Whiting, Allen S. China Eyes Japan. Berkeley: University
     of California Press, 1989.

Wolferen, Karel G. van. The Enigma of Japanese Power: People
     and Politics in a Stateless Nation. New York: Knopf,
     1989.

______. "Japan's Non-Revolution," Foreign Affairs, 72, No.
     4, September-October 1993, 54-65.

Zhao, Quansheng. Japanese Policymaking: The Politics Behind
     Politics: Informal Mechanisms and the Making of China
     Policy. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger, 1993.

Zinberg, Yakov, and Reinhard Drifte. "Chaos in Russia and the
     Territorial Dispute with Japan," Pacific Review
     [London], 6, No. 3, 1993, 277-84.

    (Various issues of the following publication was used in the
preparation of this chapter: the Asian Wall Street
Journal, 1989-91, and the Far Eastern Economic
Review, 1989-94, both published in Hong Kong; the Foreign
Broadcast Information Service, Daily Report: East Asia,
1989-91; and the Wall Street Journal, 1989-91.)

Chapter 8

Akaha Tsuneo. "Japan's Response to Threats of Shipping Disruptions
     in Southeast Asia and the Middle East," Pacific
     Affairs [Vancouver], 59, No. 2, Summer 1986, 255-77.

Akiko Kusaoi. "The Muck Starts Here: The SDF in Cambodia," Look
     Japan [Tokyo], 38, No. 443, February 1993, 4-7.

Alexander, Arthur. Of Tanks and Toyotas: An Assessment of
     Japan's Defense Industry. (Rand Note N-3542-AF.) Santa
     Monica, California: Rand, 1993.

Ames, Walter L. Police and Community in Japan. Berkeley:
     University of California Press, 1981.

Asia 1990 Yearbook. (Ed., Michael Malik.) Hong Kong:
     Review, 1990.

Barnett, Robert W. Beyond War: Japan's Concept of Comprehensive
     National Security. Washington: Pergamon-Brassey's, 1984.

Bayley, David H. Forces of Order: Police Behavior in Japan and
     the United States. Berkeley: University of California
     Press, 1976.

Berger, Thomas U. "From Sword to Chrysanthemum: Japan's Culture of
     Anti-Militarism," International Security, 17, No. 4,
     Spring 1993, 119-50.

Bestor, Theodore C. Neighborhood Tokyo. Stanford: Stanford
     University Press, 1989.

Bibliography of Asian Studies. (Annuals 1984 through
     1986.) Ann Arbor: Association for Asian Studies, 1984-86.

Boei nenkan, 1993 (Defense Yearbook, 1993). Tokyo: Defense
     Yearbook, 1993.

Bridges, Brian. "Japan: Hesitant Superpower," Conflict
     Studies [London], No. 264, September 1993, 1-29.

Buck, James H. (ed.). The Modern Japanese Military System.
     (Sage Research Progress Series on War, Revolution, and
     Peacekeeping, No. 5.) Beverly Hills: Sage, 1975.

Capien, Brian. "An Explosion in the Making," Asian
     Business [Hong Kong], 25, No. 10, October 1989, 21-24,
     26-28.

Chinworth, Michael W. Inside Japan's Defense: Technology,
     Economics, and Strategy. Washington: Brassey's, 1992.

Chuma Kiyofuku. "What Price the Defense of Japan?" Japan
     Quarterly [Tokyo], 34, No. 3, July-September 1987,
     251-58.

Connaughton, Richard M. The War of the Rising Sun and Tumbling
     Bear: A Military History of the Russo-Japanese War,
     1904-05. London: Routledge, 1988.

Corning, Gregory P. "U.S.-Japan Security Cooperation in the 1990s:
     The Promise of High-Tech Defense," Asian Survey, 29,
     No. 3, March 1989, 268-86.

Drifte, Reinhard. Arms Production in Japan: The Military
     Applications of Civilian Technology. Boulder, Colorado:
     Westview Press, 1986.

------. Japan's Foreign Policy. (Chatham House Papers.)
     New York: Council on Foreign Relations Press, 1990.

Duus, Peter. The Rise of Modern Japan. Boston: Houghton
     Mifflin, 1976.

Endicott, John E. "U.S.-Japan Defense Cooperation in the 1990s,"
     Journal of Northeast Asian Studies, 3, No. 3, Fall
     1984, 48-58.

Fallows, Deborah. "Japanese Women," National Geographic,
     177, No. 4, April 1990, 52-83.

Farris, William Wayne. Heavenly Warriors: The Evolution of
     Japan's Military, 500-1300. (Harvard East Asian
     Monographs, No. 157.) Cambridge: Council on East Asian
     Studies, Harvard University, 1993.

Friday, Karl F. Hired Sword: The Rise of Private Warrior Power
     in Early Japan. Stanford: Stanford University Press,
     1992.

Fukuyama, Francis, and Kongdan Oh. The U.S.-Japan Security
     Relationship after the Cold War. Santa Monica,
     California: Rand, 1993.

Gelman, Harry. Russo-Japanese Relations and the Future of the
     U.S.-Japanese Alliance. (Project Air Force, MR-168-AF.)
     Santa Monica, California: Rand, 1993.

Hasegawa, Tsuyoshi, Jonathan Haslam, and Andrew Kuchins (eds.).
     Russia and Japan: An Unresolved Dilemma Between Distant
     Neighbors. (Research Series, No. 87.) Berkeley:
     International and Area Studies, University of California,
     1993.

Holland, Harrison M. Managing Defense: Japan's Dilemma.
     Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1988.

Horiguchi, Robert Y. "Potential Threats and Added Tensions."
     Pacific Defence Reporter [Sydney], 12, Nos. 6-7,
     December 1985-January 1986, 47-48, 50-53.

Hsü, Immanuel C.Y. The Rise of Modern China. (4th ed.) New
     York: Oxford University Press, 1990.

Ikegami-Andersson, Masako. The Military-Industrial Complex: The
     Cases of Sweden and Japan. Brookfield, Vermont:
     Dartmouth, 1992.

Japan. Defense Agency. Defense of Japan, 1988. Tokyo:
     1988.

------. Defense of Japan, 1989. Tokyo: 1989.

------. Defense of Japan, 1990. Tokyo: 1990.

------. Defense of Japan, 1991. Tokyo: 1991.

------. Management and Coordination Agency. Statistics Bureau.
     Nihon tokei nenkan, Showa 63 (Japan Statistical
     Yearbook, 1989). Tokyo: Sorifu, Tokeikyoku, 1988.

------. Ministry of Justice. Annual Report on Crime, 1987
     (Summary). Tokyo: 1987.

------. National Police Agency. Keisatsu hakusho, Heisei 3
     (Police White Paper, 1991). Tokyo: 1991.

------. National Police Agency. Keisatsu hakusho, 1987
     (Police White Paper, 1987). Tokyo: 1987.

------. National Police Agency. The Police of Japan, 1980.
     Tokyo: 1980.

------. National Police Agency. The Police of Japan, 1989.
     Tokyo: 1989.

------. National Police Agency. White Paper on Police
     (Summary). Tokyo: Foreign Press Center, 1987.

------. Office of the Prime Minister. Public Opinion Survey on
     the Self-Defense Forces and Defense Problems. Tokyo:
     Foreign Press Center, 1988.

Japan: An Illustrated Encyclopedia. (2 vols.) Tokyo:
     Kodansha, 1993.

Jieitai nenkan, 1989 (Self-Defense Forces Yearbook, 1989).
     Tokyo: Boei Nippo, 1989.

Jieitai nenkan, 1992 (Self-Defense Forces Yearbook, 1992).
     Tokyo: Boei Nippo, 1992.

Kamiya Fuji. "Japan's Perception of and Responses to the Threat to
     the Northwestern Pacific and Northeastern Asia." Pages 17-26
     in Pacific Regional Security: The 1985 Symposium.
     Washington: National Defense University Press, 1988.

Kataoka Tetsuya, and Ramon H. Myers. Defending an Economic
     Superpower: Reassessing the U.S.-Japan Security Alliance.
     (Westview Special Studies on East Asia.) Boulder, Colorado:
     Westview Press, 1989.

Katzenstein, Peter J., and Nobuo Okawara. "Japan's National
     Security: Structures, Norms, and Policies," International
     Security, 17, No. 4, Spring 1993, 84-118.

Keddell, Joseph P. The Politics of Japanese Defense: Managing
     Internal and External Pressures. Armonk, New York:
     Sharpe, 1993.

Kodansha Encyclopedia of Japan. (9 vols.) Tokyo: Kodansha,
     1983.

Kohno, Masaru. "Japanese Defense Policy Making: The FSX Selection,
     1985-1987," Asian Survey, 29, No. 5, May 1989,
     457-79.

Kosobud, Richard F. (ed.). Northeast Asia and the United 
     States: Defense Partnerships and Trade Rivalries.
     Chicago: Chicago Council on Foreign Relations, 1983.

Kuranari, Tadashi. "The Asian Situation and Japan's Response: With
     an Emphasis on the Korean Peninsula," Journal of Northeast
     Asian Studies, 7, No. 4, Winter 1988, 68-75.

Langdon, Frank C. "The Security Debate in Japan," Pacific
     Affairs [Vancouver], 58, No. 3, Fall 1985, 397-410.

Levin, Norman D., Mark Lorell, and Arthur Alexander. The Wary
     Warriors: Future Directions in Japanese Security
     Policies. Santa Monica, California: Rand, 1993.

Masuzoe Yoichi. "Winds of Change: Reassessing Japan's Defense,"
     Look Japan [Tokyo], 32, No. 368, November 10, 1986,
     2-3.

McIntosh, Malcolm. Japan Re-armed. New York: St. Martin's
     Press, 1986.

Menon, Rajan, and Daniel Abele. "Security Dimensions of Soviet
     Territorial Disputes with China and Japan," Journal of
     Northeast Asian Studies, 8, No. 1, Spring 1989, 3-19.

The Military Balance. (Annuals 1979-1980 through 1992-
     1993.) London: International Institute for Strategic Studies,
     1978-92.

Mitchell, Richard H. Janus-Faced Justice: Political Criminals
     in Japan. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1992.

Morison, Samuel Eliot, and Henry Steele Commager. The Growth of
     the American Republic. (7th ed.) New York: Oxford
     University Press, 1980.

Mushakoji Kinhide. "In Search of Formulas for Regional Peace,"
     Japan Quarterly [Tokyo], 32, No. 3, July-September
     1985, 234-39.

Nagashima, Atsushi. "The Accused and Society: The Administration of
     Criminal Justice in Japan." Pages 298-304 in Arthur Taylor von
     Mehren (ed.), Law in Japan: The Legal Order in a Changing
     Society. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1963.

Nakamura Ken'ichi. "Militarization of Post-war Japan." Pages 81-100
     in Yoshikazu Sakamoto (ed.), Asia: Militarization and
     Regional Conflict. Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey: Zed
     Books, 1988.

Nishihara Masashi. "Nakasone's Impact and Japanese Security
     Policy," Asian Defence Journal [Kuala Lumpur],
     January 1989, 37-38, 40, 42-43.

Noda, Yosiyuki. Introduction to Japanese Law. (Trans. and
     ed., Anthony H. Angelo.) Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press,
     1976.

O'Connell, John F. "The Role of the Self-Defense Forces in Japan's
     Sea Lane Defense," Journal of Northeast Asian
     Studies, 3, No. 3, Fall 1984, 59-64.

------. "Strategic Implications of the Japanese SSM-1 Cruise
     Missile," Journal of Northeast Asian Studies, 6, No.
     2, Summer 1987, 53-66.

Odawara Atsushi. "No Tampering with the Brakes on Military
     Expansion," Japan Quarterly [Tokyo], 32, No. 3,
     July-September 1985, 248-54.

Olsen, Edward A. "Security in the Sea of Japan," Journal of
     Northeast Asian Studies, 5, No. 4, Winter 1986, 48-66.

Okita Saburo. "Japan's Quiet Strength," Foreign Policy,
     No. 75, Summer 1989, 128-45.

Otsuki Shinji. "Battle over the FSX Fighter: Who Won?" Japan
     Quarterly [Tokyo], 35, No. 1, April-June 1988, 139-45.

Pacific Regional Security: The 1985 Symposium. Washington:
     National Defense University Press, 1988.

Pape, Robert A. "Why Japan Surrendered," International
     Security, 18, No. 2, Fall 1993, 154-201.

Reynolds, Gary K. Japan's Military Buildup: Goals and
     Accomplishments. Washington: Congressional Research
     Service, Library of Congress, 1989.

Rogers, Linda, and C. Dominique van de Stadt. "Early Warning:
     Military," World Press Review, 37, No. 1, January
     1990, 6.

Sakamoto, Yoshikazu (ed.). Asia: Militarization and Regional
     Conflict. Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey: Zed Books,
     1988.

Sakonjo, Naotoshi. "Security in Northeast Asia," Journal of
     Northeast Asian Studies, 2, No. 3, September 1983, 87-97.

Samuels, Richard J. "Rich Nation, Strong Army": National
     Security and Ideology in Japan's Technological
     Transformation. (Cornell Studies in Political Economy.)
     Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1994.

Sato Kinko. Why Is There Less Crime in Japan? Tokyo:
     Office for the Japanese Studies Center, 1984.

Shindo Eiichi. "A Deluded Defense Policy," Japan Quarterly
     [Tokyo], 35, No. 1, January-March 1988, 71-78.

Shinnosuke Inami. "Police Boxes and Their Officers," Japan
     Quarterly [Tokyo], 34, No. 3, July-September 1987,
     295-99.

Shulman, Frank Joseph (ed.). Japan. (World Bibliographical
     Series, No. 103.) Santa Barbara, California: ABC-Clio, 1989.

Simon, Sheldon W. "Is There a Japanese Regional Security Role?"
     Journal of Northeast Asian Studies, 5, No. 2, Summer
     1986, 30-52.

Smith, Howard (ed.). Inside Japan. London: British
     Broadcasting Corporation, 1980.

"Strategic Significance of the Northern Island Territories,"
     Japan Quarterly [Tokyo], 27, No. 1, January-March
     1980, 11-14.

Takagi Yosuke. "Forcing Confessions in Japan," World Press
     Review, 36, No. 6, June 1989, 57.

Takayama Satoshi. "The Soviet Union Smiles at Japan," Japan
     Quarterly [Tokyo], 33, No. 2, April-June 1986, 129-37.

Takayanagi Kenzo. "A Century of Innovation: The Development of
     Japanese Law, 1868-1961." Pages 163-93 in Tanaka Hideo (ed.),
     The Japanese Legal System: Introductory Cases and
     Materials. Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press, 1976.

Tipton, Elise K. Japanese Police State: Tokko in Interwar
     Japan. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1991.

Tsuneta Yano Memorial Society. Nihon kokusei tokai, 1992
     (Charted Survey of Japan, 1992). Tokyo: 1992.

Tsuru, Shiegeto. Japan's Capitalism: Creative Defeat and
     Beyond. (Cambridge Economic Policies and Institutions
     Series.) New York: Cambridge University Press, 1993.

Van de Velde, James R. "Japan's Nuclear Umbrella: U.S. Extended
     Nuclear Deterrence for Japan," Journal of Northeast Asian
     Studies, 7, No. 4, Winter 1988, 16-39.

von Mehren, Arthur Taylor (ed.). Law in Japan: The Legal Order
     in a Changing Society. Cambridge: Harvard University
     Press, 1963.

Wada Haruki. "Japanese-Soviet Relations and East Asian Security,"
     Japan Quarterly [Tokyo], 30, No. 2, April-June 1983,
     188-92.

Walsh, J. Richard. "Technonationalism in U.S.-Japanese Security
     Relations: The FSX Controversy," Armed Forces and
     Society, 19, No. 3, Spring 1993, 377-91.

Wanner, Barbara. "Increase in FY 1993 Defense Budget Smallest in 33
     Years," JEI Report, No. 1B, January 8, 1993, 8-10.

Weinstein, Martin E. "The Evolution of the Japan Self-Defense
     Forces." Pages 41-63 in James H. Buck (ed.), The Modern
     Japanese Military System. Beverly Hills: Sage, 1975.

Wolferen, Karel G. van. The Enigma of Japanese Power: People
     and Politics in a Stateless Nation. New York: Knopf,
     1989.

    (Various issues of the following publications were also used in
the preparation of this chapter: American Embassy, Japanese
Magazine Review [Tokyo], 1994; Economist [London],
1989; Far Eastern Economic Review [Hong Kong], 1989-90;
and the Foreign Broadcast Information Service, Daily Report:
East Asia, 1989-90.)