Table 1. Metric Conversion Coefficients and Factors

When you know Multiply by To find
 Millimeters  0.04  inches
Centimeters 0.39 inches
Meters 3.3 feet
Kilometers 0.62 miles
Hectares 2.47 acres
Square kilometers 0.39 square miles
Cubic meters 35.3 cubic feet
Liters 0.26 gallons
Kilograms 2.2 pounds
Metric tons 0.98 long tons
1.1 short tons
2,204.0 pounds
Degrees Celsius (Centigrade) 1.8 and add 32 degrees Fahrenheit

Table 2. Central Asia: Demographic Indicators, 1989-93

Indicator Kazakstan Kyrgyzstan Tajikistan Turkmenistan Uzbekistan
 Live births  316,369  128,352  186,504  124,992  711,000
Birth rate 18.7 28.6 32.5 34.9 33.3
Deaths 156,253 32,163 49,326 27,609 139,900
Death rate6 9.2 7.2 8.6 7.7 6.5
Life expectancy, male 63.8 64.6 66.8 61.8 66.0
Life expectancy, female 73.0 72.7 71.7 68.4 72.1
Marriages 146,161 40,818 53,946 34,890 235,900
Marriage rate6 8.6 9.1 0.9 9.8 11.0
Divorces 45,516 8,043 5,293 4,940 29,953
Divorce rate6 2.7 1.8 0.9 1.4 1.5

Source: Based on information from United Nations, Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis, Demographic Yearbook 1994 , New York, 1996, 140-43.

Table 3. Central Asia: Population Distribution, 1989-92 (in thousands)

Population Group Kazakstan Kyrgyzstan Tajikistan Turkmenistan4 Uzbekistan4
 Urban male  4,577  800  813  783  3,937
Urban female 5,029 881 842 808 4,104
Urban total 9,606 1,681 1,655 1,591 8,041
Urban percentage 57.6 37.9 32.5 43.9 40.6
Rural male 3,539 1,383 1,717 952 5,847
Rural female 3,576 1,388 1,720 980 5,922
Rural total 7,115 2,771 3,437 1,932 11,769
Total male 8,116 2,183 2,530 1,735 9,784
Total female 8,605 2,269 2,562 1,788 10,026
14 and younger 5,248 1,673 2,187 n.a. 8,083
15 to 39 6,851 1,794 1,996 1,453 8,029
50 to 64 3,623 756 717 510 2,894
65 and older 999 228 192 132 804

Source: Based on information from United Nations, Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis, Demographic Yearbook 1994 , New York, 1996, 240-45.

Table 4. Central Asia: Ethnic Composition, Selected Years, 1989-94 (in percentages)

Country and Ethnic Group 1989 1991 1993 1994
 Kazakstan        
Kazak 39.7 41.9 43.2 44.3
Russian 37.8 37.0 36.5 35.8
Ukrainian 5.4 5.2 5.2 5.1
German 5.8 4.7 4.1 3.6
Uzbek 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.2
Tatar 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0
Kyrgyzstan        
Kyrgyz 52.4 n.a. 56.5 n.a.
Russian 21.5 n.a. 18.8 n.a.
Uzbek 12.9 n.a. 12.9 n.a.
Ukrainian 2.5 n.a. 2.1 n.a.
German 2.4 n.a. 1.0 n.a.
Tajikistan        
Tajik 62.3 63.8 n.a. n.a.
Uzbek 23.5 24.0 n.a. n.a.
Russian 7.6 6.5 n.a. n.a.
Tatar 1.4 1.4 n.a. n.a.
Turkmenistan        
Turkmen 72.0 n.a. 73.3 n.a.
Russian 9.8 n.a. 9.5 n.a.
Uzbek 9.0 n.a. 9.0 n.a.
Kazak 2.0 n.a. 2.5 n.a.
Uzbekistan        
Uzbek 71.4 73.0 n.a. n.a.
Russian 8.3 7.7 n.a. n.a.
Tajik 4.7 4.8 n.a. n.a.
Kazak 4.1 n.a. n.a. n.a.
Tatar 2.4 2.3 n.a. n.a.

Source: Based on information from The Europa World Year Book 1994 , 2, London, 1994, 1679; The Europa World Year Book 1995 , 2, London, 1995, 1679, 1735, 1823, 2950, 3070, 3363; United States, Central Intelligence Agency, The World Factbook 1994 , Washington, 1994, 210, 222, 385, 403, 420; and 1995 Britannica Book of the Year , Chicago, 1995, 726, 746.

Table 5. Central Asia: Incidence of Selected Diseases and Mortality, 1989-91

  Kazakstan Kyrgyzstan Tajikistan Turkmenistan Uzbekistan
 Viral hepatitis  465.6  710.8  918.3  735.1  1,074.5
Cancer 289.9 219.0 163.1 203.0 169.2
Tuberculosis2 65.8 53.3 44.4 63.6 46.1
Maternal mortality  53.1  42.7  38.9  55.2  42.8
Infant mortality  27.1  29.6  40.0  46.6  35.8

Source: Based on information from Christopher M. Davis, "Health Care Crisis: The Former Soviet Union," RFE/RL Research Report [Munich], 2, No. 40, October 8, 1993, 36.

Table 6. Central Asia: Percentage Change in Major Economic Indicators, 1992-93 and 1993-94

  GDP Industrial Output Agricultural Output
Country 1992-93 1993-94 1992-93 1993-94 1992-93 1993-94
 Kazakstan  -12  -26  -17  -28  -3  -23
Kyrgyzstan -13 -25 -24 -25 -8 -17
Tajikistan -21 -12 -20 -31 -4 -26
Turkmenistan 8 -24 6 -24 9 -2
Uzbekistan -3 -4 -4 1 0 13

Source: Based on information from United States, Central Intelligence Agency, Handbook of International Economic Statistics 1995 , Washington, 1995, 52.

Table 7. Kazakstan: Production of Principal Agricultural Crops, 1992-94 (in thousands of tons)

Crop 1992 1993 1994
 Wheat  18,285  11,585  9,052
Barley 8,511 7,149 5,497
Potatoes 2,570 2,295 1,950
Oats 727 802 822
Tomatoes 380 320 300
Rice 467 403 283
Rye 524 835 264
Watermelons 250 202 250
Corn 370 355 233
Sugar beets 1,276 925 169
Millet 447 233 130

Source: Based on information from The Europa World Year Book 1996 , 2, London, 1996, 1811.

Table 8. Kazakstan: Production of Principal Industrial Products, 1991-93 (in thousands of tons unless otherwise indicated)

Product 1991 1992 1993
 Coke  3,711  3,404  3,300
Cotton yarn 40 37 39
Crude steel 6,754 6,337 n.a.
Electric power (in millions of kilowatt-hours) 87,379 86,128 79,174
Fabric (in thousands of square meters) 325,461 248,708 n.a.
Footwear (in thousands of pairs) 36,464 35,410 n.a.
Margarine 71 48 n.a.
Pig iron 5,226 4,952 4,666
Rubber tires (in thousands) 2,633 3,029 2,899
Sulfuric acid 3,151 2,815 2,349

Source: Based on information from The Europa World Year Book 1996 , 2, London, 1996, 1811.

Table 9. Kazakstan: Structure of Employment, 1990-92 (in thousands of workers)

Sector 1990 1991 1992
 Agriculture, forestry, and fishing  1,686  1,715  1,762
Mining and quarrying 235 251 257
Manufacturing 1,247 1,218 1,160
Construction 833 690 681
Trade, restaurants, and hotels 470 461 437
Transport and communications 704 700 665
Community, social, and personal services 1,867 1,901 1,906
Utilities 66 73 83
Other activities 690 736 662
TOTAL 7,798 7,745 7,613

Source: Based on information from The Europa World Year Book, 1995 , 2, London, 1995, 1736.

Table 10. Central Asia: Cost of Living, 1990-93

Country and Category 1990 1991 1992 1993
 Kazakstan        
Food n.a. 4.7 100 2,297
Clothing n.a. 4.7 100 1,606
Rent n.a. n.a. 100 16,258
Average for all items n.a. 3.3 100 2,265
Kyrgyzstan (all items) 100 185.0 954.0 n.a.
Tajikistan        
Food 101.8 194.4 1,450.5 n.a.
Alcoholic beverages 100.6 163.4 1,152.1 n.a.
Average for all items 104.0 193.0 1,153.9 n.a.
Turkmenistan (all items)4 104.2 202.5 592.9 n.a.
Uzbekistan (all items)3 100 205.0 627.7 951.1

Source: Based on information from The Europa World Year Book 1995 , 2, London, 1995, 1737, 1825, 2952, 3071, 3364.

Table 11. Kazakstan: Foreign Trade with Selected Countries, 1992-94

  1992 1993 1994
 Imports      
Former Soviet Union      
Armenia 0.1 0.1 0.0
Azerbaijan 1.1 0.6 0.8
Belarus 4.6 3.0 1.9
Estonia 0.1 0.3 0.0
Georgia 0.3 0.4 0.1
Kyrgyzstan 3.2 1.3 0.9
Latvia 0.1 0.5 0.2
Lithuania 0.3 0.7 0.1
Moldova 0.2 0.8 0.1
Russia 72.4 70.9 89.3
Tajikistan 0.9 0.5 0.2
Turkmenistan 2.5 4.7 0.1
Ukraine 10.5 7.3 3.6
Uzbekistan 3.7 9.0 2.6
Exports      
Former Soviet Union1      
Armenia 0.1 0.0 0.0
Azerbaijan 1.7 3.2 2.0
Belarus 2.7 5.0 2.6
Estonia 0.1 0.0 0.1
Georgia 0.1 0.2 0.0
Kyrgyzstan 2.5 2.3 2.2
Latvia 0.3 0.2 1.2
Lithuania 0.6 0.5 1.3
Moldova 0.3 0.4 0.1
Russia 71.0 69.7 78.7
Tajikistan 1.2 1.4 0.6
Turkmenistan 3.3 2.1 0.7
Ukraine 9.7 8.1 5.2
Uzbekistan 6.5 6.9 5.3
Imports      
Other countries      
Austria 30 21 16
China 213 80 46
Czech Republic 4 48 n.a.
Finland 25 5 4
France 7 9 21
Germany 19 76 125
Hungary 27 23 14
 Italy  30  21  37
Switzerland 15 18 40
Turkey 5 15 17
United Kingdom 23 19 17
United States 6 38 42
Exports      
Other Countries2      
Australia 835 940 809
Austria 1 21 30
Belgium 11 13 16
Bulgaria 18 22 9
China 237 172 85
Czech Republic3 80 19 14
Finland 43 9 1
France 19 7 5
Germany 123 131 65
Hungary 21 37 12
Italy 40 84 24
Japan 49 37 31
Korea, Democratic People's Republic of 18 22 3
Korea, Republic of 12 46 22
Netherlands 52 49 42
Poland 49 37 13
Slovakia3 80 30 11
Sweden 150 91 5
Switzerland 104 175 345
Turkey 16 56 40
United Kingdom 26 97 87
United States 101 145 121

Source: Based on information from World Bank, Statistical Handbook 1995: States of the Former USSR , Washington, 1995, 152-54.

Table 12. Central Asia: Military Budgets and Personnel, 1992-95 (budgets in millions of United States dollars)

Country 1992 1993 1994 1995
 Kazakstan        
Budget 1,600 707 450 297
Personnel 63,000 44,000 40,000 40,000
Kyrgyzstan        
Budget 47 51 57 13
Personnel 8,0001 12,000 12,000 12,000
Tajikistan        
Budget 107 110 115 67
Personnel 6,0001 3,000 3,000 3,000
Turkmenistan        
Budget 114 143 153 61
Personnel 34,0001 28,0001 28,0001 11,0001
Uzbekistan        
Budget 420 390 375 315
Personnel 15,0001 40,000 39,000 25,000

Source: Based on information from The Military Balance, 1993-1994, London, 1993, 140, 144-45; The Military Balance, 1994-1995 , London, 1994, 156-57, 162-63; The Military Balance, 1995-1996 , London, 1995, 160-61, 165-67; and The Worldwide Directory of Defense Authorities 1996 , 2, Bethesda, 1996.

Table 13. Kyrgyzstan: Production of Principal Agricultural Crops, 1992-94 (in thousands of tons)

Crop 1992 1993 1994
 Wheat  634  863  611
Barley 582 539 300
Potatoes 362 291 288
Tomatoes 201 150 160
Corn 281 184 120
Sugar beets 135 207 110
Apples 75 69 65
Tobacco, leaf 56 60 58
Cotton seed 34 38 40
Cabbage 61 32 35
Grapes 31 30 28

Source: Based on information from The Europa World Year Book 1996 , 2, London, 1996, 1900.

Table 14. Kyrgyzstan: Production of Principal Industrial Products, 1991-94

Product 1991 1992 1993 1994
 Carpets (in thousands of square meters)   1,661   1,701   1,609   1,083
Cement (in thousands of tons) 1,320 1,095 672 426
Electric power (in millions of kilowatt-hours)  14,170  11,890  11,200  12,900
Fabric (in thousands of square meters)  142,778  123,781  89,138  62,144
Footwear (in thousands of pairs)  9,504  5,343  3,528  1,631
Trucks 23,600 14,800 5,000 200
Washing machines 209,400 94,000 76,800 17,100

Source: Based on information from The Europa World Year Book 1995 , 2, London, 1995, 1824; and The Europa World Yearbook 1996 , 2, London, 1996, 1900.

Table 15. Kyrgyzstan: Foreign Trade with Selected Countries, 1992-94

  1992 1993 1994
 Imports      
Former Soviet Union      
Armenia 0.1 0.1 0.0
Azerbaijan 0.5 0.6 0.3
Belarus 1.5 0.9 1.2
Estonia 0.0 n.a. n.a.
Georgia 0.4 0.2 0.1
Kazakstan 23.3 28.9 28.0
Latvia 0.2 n.a. n.a.
Lithuania 0.3 n.a. n.a.
Moldova 0.5 0.1 0.0
Russia 49.0 47.1 33.4
Tajikistan 0.7 0.4 0.5
Turkmenistan 6.1 2.1 4.8
Ukraine 8.1 2.0 1.4
Uzbekistan 9.1 17.3 30.2
Exports      
Former Soviet Union1      
Armenia 0.2 0.0 0.0
Azerbaijan 0.9 1.4 0.7
Belarus 3.0 2.0 1.7
Estonia 0.2 n.a. n.a.
Georgia 0.4 0.1 0.1
Kazakstan 22.4 29.0 42.9
Latvia 0.3 n.a. n.a.
Lithuania 1.5 n.a. n.a.
Moldova 0.6 0.4 0.2
Russia 39.1 45.8 26.0
Tajikistan 1.4 2.5 1.4
Turkmenistan 2.4 3.5 3.4
Ukraine 17.3 5.7 4.0
Uzbekistan 10.4 9.6 19.6
Imports      
Other countries      
Belgium n.a. 4.8 n.a.
China 16.3 18.6 11.0
Czech Republic 3.3 5.4 0.0
France 6.3 3.0 1.8
Germany n.a. 3.0 6.8
Hungary 3.7 n.a. n.a.
Italy 1.8 0.7 0.9
 Japan  0.2  0.1  2.7
Korea, Republic of 0.7 0.2 4.0
Netherlands n.a. 0.1 1.8
Poland 0.2 8.8 15.0
Slovakia4 3.3 2.7 1.0
Sweden 0.0 0.1 2.6
Switzerland n.a. 0.3 2.5
Turkey 3.4 4.5 2.0
Exports      
Other countries3      
Austria 1.0 3.1 0.2
China 28.0 59.1 56.1
France 6.8 0.0 2.2
Italy 0.5 0.4 1.8
Japan 2.7 0.0 0.0
Korea, Democratic People's Republic of 3.4 0.2 0.6
Poland 0.3 2.6 3.9
Sweden 1.5 1.1 n.a.
Turkey 1.8 1.1 2.4
United Kingdom 11.6 30.0 29.5

Source: Based on information from World Bank, Statistical Handbook 1995: States of the Former USSR , Washington, 1995, 288-90.

Table 16. Tajikistan: Production of Principal Agricultural Crops, 1992-94 (in thousands of tons)

Crop 1992 1993 1994
 Vegetables  679  552  490
Cottonseed 415 382 401
Wheat 170 175 165
Fruits and berries 181 135 140
Cotton lint 126 150 135
Watermelons 136 107 105
Grapes 100 88 85
Barley 42 32 34
Corn 32 34 23

Source: Based on information from The Europa World Year Book 1996 , 2, London, 1996, 3077.

Table 17. Tajikistan: Foreign Trade with Selected Countries, 1992-94

  1992 1993 1994
 Imports      
Former Soviet Union      
Armenia 0.2 0.0 0.1
Azerbaijan 1.1 0.5 0.1
Belarus 2.8 3.4 0.5
Estonia 0.3 0.1 0.3
Georgia 0.2 0.2 0.2
Kazakstan 12.2 32.9 13.2
Kyrgyzstan 2.0 1.1 0.4
Latvia 0.6 0.5 0.4
Lithuania 0.7 2.2 5.5
Moldova 0.3 0.2 0.0
Russia 46.7 42.1 24.4
Turkmenistan 14.5 13.1 15.9
Ukraine 7.3 2.2 5.5
Uzbekistan 11.0 32.9 33.5
Exports      
Former Soviet Union1      
Armenia 0.4 0.0 0.0
 Azerbaijan  3.9  0.9  0.1
Belarus 4.1 5.6 2.8
Estonia 0.5 0.1 0.5
Georgia 0.1 0.0 0.0
Kazakstan 14.7 13.7 9.2
Kyrgyzstan 2.3 3.5 1.8
Latvia 0.8 6.1 3.1
Lithuania 0.2 3.8 12.4
Moldova 0.4 2.8 1.3
Russia 47.5 52.6 42.0
Turkmenistan 4.3 2.9 1.6
Ukraine 11.7 4.2 4.6
Uzbekistan 8.9 17.0 20.6
Imports      
Other countries      
Austria n.a. 13 10
Belgium n.a. 28 23
France n.a. 43 2
Italy n.a. 11 1
Netherlands n.a. 165 16
Sweden n.a. 34 2
Switzerland n.a. 4 98
Turkey n.a. 5 17
United Kingdom n.a. 6 68
United States n.a. 33 32
Exports      
Other countries2      
Austria n.a. 12 17
Belgium n.a. 19 30
Finland n.a. 10 18
Germany n.a. 1 13
Japan n.a. 22 11
Netherlands n.a. 143 148
Sweden n.a. 19 1
Switzerland n.a. 1 45
United Kingdom n.a. 2 30
United States n.a. 24 27

Source: Based on information from World Bank, Statistical Handbook 1995: States of the Former USSR , Washington, 1995, 471-73.

Table 18. Turkmenistan: Production of Principal Agricultural Crops, 1992-94 (in thousands of tons)

Crop 1992 1993 1994
 Wheat  368  502  1,063
Cottonseed 822 721 830
Cotton lint 390 402 403
Corn 147 202 252
Melons and squash 180 248 250
Tomatoes 133 150 200
Rice 64 88 149
Grapes 91 79 147
Barley 124 197 108
Onions 71 98 100

Source: Based on information from The Europa World Year Book 1996 , 2, London, 1996, 3201.

Table 19. Turkmenistan: Production of Principal Industrial Products, 1990-92 (in thousands of tons unless otherwise indicated)

Product 1990 1991 1992
 Carpets and rugs (in thousands of square meters)  1,288  1,384  1,070
Cement 1,085 904 1,051
Cotton yarn 416 420 437
Diesel oil 1,573 2,236 1,942
Electric power (in millions of kilowatt-hours) 16,637 14,915 13,136
Gasoline 773 814 1,031
Heavy fuel oil 1,218 1,991 1,667
Kerosene 110 98 327
Vegetable oil 105 104 85

Source: Based on information from The Europa World Year Book 1995 , 2, London, 1995, 3071.

Table 20. Turkmenistan: Trade with Republics of the Former Soviet Union, 1990-92 (in percentages of total trade with former Soviet republics)

  1990 1991 1992
 Imports      
Armenia n.a. n.a. 0.4
Azerbaijan n.a. n.a. 8.5
Belarus 3.6 3.6 4.1
Estonia 2.9 2.9 n.a.
Georgia n.a. n.a. n.a.
Kazakstan 4.0 4.0 11.8
Kyrgyzstan n.a. n.a. 1.4
Latvia n.a. n.a. n.a.
Lithuania n.a. n.a. n.a.
Moldova n.a. n.a. 0.0
Russia 41.8 41.8 35.1
Tajikistan n.a. n.a. 4.3
Ukraine 15.6 15.6 4.6
Uzbekistan 5.7 5.7 8.1
Exports      
Armenia n.a. 2.3 1.6
Azerbaijan n.a. 3.9 4.3
Belarus 2.1 1.9 0.6
Estonia 2.3 2.4 0.5
Georgia n.a. 6.7 7.5
Kazakstan 2.6 8.1 12.8
Kyrgyzstan n.a. 3.1 0.5
Latvia n.a. n.a. 0.7
Lithuania n.a. n.a. 0.2
Moldova n.a. 5.8 1.0
Russia 49.8 21.0 10.0
Tajikistan n.a. 6.5 1.2
Ukraine 7.4 17.5 49.4
Uzbekistan 27.8 17.0 9.7

Source: Based on information from World Bank, Statistical Handbook 1995: States of the Former USSR , Washington, 1995, 503.

Table 21. Uzbekistan: Production of Principal Agricultural Crops, 1992-94 (in thousands of tons)

Crop 1992 1993 1994
 Vegetables  4,244  3,500  3,737
Cottonseed 2,452 2,537 2,380
Wheat 964 876 1,200
Potatoes 365 463 562
Fruit 701 520 555
Rice 539 545 544
Grapes 439 480 450
Barley 361 292 340
Corn 367 404 200

Source: Based on information from The Europa World Year Book 1996 , 2, London, 1996, 3501.

Table 22. Uzbekistan: Production of Principal Industrial Products, 1991-93 (in thousands of tons unless otherwise indicated)

Product 1991 1992 1993
 Cement  6,191  5,935  5,277
Cotton fabric 392 482 370
Electric power (in millions of kilowatt-hours) 54,164 50,911 49,272
Footwear (in thousands of pairs) 45,400 39,200 39,500
Insecticides 35 28 32
Mineral fertilizers 1,660 1,361 1,273
Paper 20 16 13
Plastics 142 115 53
Refrigerators and freezers (in thousands of units) 212 84 77
Tractors (in thousands of units) 21 17 8

Source: Based on information from The Europa World Year Book 1996 , 2, London, 1996, 3501.

Table 23. Uzbekistan: Foreign Trade with Selected Countries, 1992-94

  1992 1993 1994
 Imports      
Former Soviet Union      
Armenia 0.1 0.2 0.1
Azerbaijan 0.4 0.0 0.0
Belarus 5.8 2.1 0.7
Estonia 0.1 0.1 0.0
Georgia 0.3 0.1 0.0
Kazakstan 12.2 17.2 11.0
Kyrgyzstan 3.4 1.5 1.6
Latvia 0.2 0.5 0.4
Lithuania 0.5 0.3 1.1
Moldova 0.3 0.1 0.1
Russia 52.9 58.9 55.0
Tajikistan 33.2 1.3 18.9
Turkmenistan 7.0 11.3 6.0
Ukraine 13.6 6.5 5.1
Exports      
Former Soviet Union1      
Armenia 0.2 0.2 0.1
Azerbaijan 0.9 0.0 0.0
Belarus 3.5 3.1 1.9
Estonia 0.9 0.1 0.0
Georgia 0.3 0.1 0.0
Kazakstan 11.2 16.9 17.3
Kyrgyzstan 3.7 2.8 3.7
Latvia 0.6 0.1 0.4
Lithuania 1.4 0.8 0.7
Moldova 2.0 0.2 0.1
Russia 53.1 55.5 42.8
Tajikistan 3.0 6.0 19.0
Turkmenistan 5.3 6.6 5.0
Imports      
Other countries      
Australia 5 19 24
Austria 15 11 27
Belgium 31 13 15
China 67 35 88
Former Czechoslovakia 17 5 16
France 5 14 11
Germany 28 56 164
Hungary 12 21 61
 Italy  8  27  24
Korea, Republic of 1 9 26
Netherlands 2 102 52
Poland 15 44 17
Sweden 7 20 12
Switzerland 196 226 321
Turkey 35 229 68
United Kingdom 14 10 18
United States 21 32 95
Exports      
Other countries2      
Australia 4 16 n.a.
Austria 29 12 42
Belgium 112 46 8
China 40 137 77
France 39 12 1
Germany 94 20 32
Hungary 52 30 2
Italy 11 17 26
Korea, Republic of 3 55 41
Netherlands 20 38 153
Switzerland 16 72 224
Turkey 77 41 42
United Kingdom 117 134 175
United States 38 44 21

Source: Based on information from World Bank, Statistical Handbook 1995: States of the Former USSR, Washington , 1995, 578-80.

1. All figures 1993 except life expectancy (1990).
2. All figures 1992 except life expectancy (1991).
3. All figures 1993 except life expectancy (1989).
4. All figures 1989.
5. All figures 1992 except life expectancy (1989).
6. Per 1,000 population.
7. Figures do not add to totals because of rounding and because of small numbers of unidentified age in census.
8. 1991 figures.
9. 1992 figures.
10. 1989 figures.
11. n.a.--not available.
12. n.a.--not available.
13. Per 100,000 population in 1989.
14. Per 100,000 population in 1990.
15. Deaths per 100,000 live births in 1991.
16. Deaths per 1,000 live births in 1989.
17. GDP--gross domestic product.
18. n.a.--not available.
19. Base year 1992=100.
20. n.a.--not available.
21. Base year 1990=100.
22. Base year 1989=100.
23. Percentage of total trade with former Soviet republics.
24. In millions of United States dollars.
25. 1992 amounts for Czechoslovakia; 1993 and 1994 amounts divided between Czech Republic and Slovakia.
26. n.a.--not available.
27. Under joint control with Russian Federation.
28. Percentage of total trade with former Soviet republics.
29. n.a.--not available.
30. In millions of United States dollars.
31. 1992 amounts for Czechoslovakia; 1993 and 1994 amounts divided between Czech Republic and Slovakia.
32. Percentage of total trade with former Soviet republics.
33. In millions of United States dollars.
34. n.a.--not available.
35. n.a.--not available.
36. Includes melons and squash.
37. Percentage of total trade with former Soviet republics.
38. In millions of United States dollars.
39. For 1993 and 1994, figures of Czech Republic and Slovakia are combined.
40. n.a.--not available.