BIBLIOGRAPHY -- Lebanon


Chapter 1

Al-Bustani, Fuad Afram. "Notes on Lebanon under the Emirs, 1516-
     1842." Pages 237-39 in Beirut College for Women (ed.),
     Cultural Resources in Lebanon. Beirut: Libraire du
     Liban, 1969.

Bulloch, John. Death of a Country. London: Weidenfeld and
     Nicholson, 1977.

------. Final Conflict: The War in the Lebanon. London:
     Century, 1983.

Christopher, John B. Lebanon: Yesterday and Today. New
     York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1966.

Cobban, Helena. The Making of Modern Lebanon. Boulder,
     Colorado: Westview Press, 1985.

Deeb, Marius. The Lebanese Civil War. New York: Praeger,
     1980.

Fisher, W.B. "Lebanon." Pages 554-82 in Middle East and North
     Africa, 1988. London: Europa, 1987.

Gilmour, David. Lebanon: The Fractured Country. New York:
     St. Martin's Press, 1983.

Glubb, John Bagot. Syria, Lebanon, Jordan. New York:
     Walker, 1967.

Gordon, David C. Lebanon: The Fragmented Nation. London:
     Croom Helm, 1980.

------. The Republic of Lebanon: Nation in Jeopardy.
     Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1983.

Hitti, Philip K. History of the Arabs. New York:
     Macmillan, 1956.

------. Lebanon in History: From the Earliest Times to the
     Present. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1957.

------. The Origins of the Druze People and Religion. New
     York: AMS Press, 1966.

------. A Short History of Lebanon. New York: St. Martin's
     Press, 1965.

Hourani, Albert H. Syria and Lebanon. London: Oxford
     University Press, 1946.

Hudson, Michael C. The Precarious Republic. New York:
     Random House, 1968.

Ismail, Adel. Le Liban: Histoire d'un Peuple. Beirut: Dar
     al Makhouf, 1968.

Kerr, Malcolm H. Lebanon in the Last Years of Feudalism, 1840-
     1868. Beirut: Catholic Press, 1959.

Khalaf, Samir. Persistence and Change in 19th Century Lebanon:
     A Sociological Essay. Beirut: American University of
     Beirut, 1979.

Khalidi, Rashid. Under Siege: PLO Decisionmaking During the
     1982 War. New York: Columbia University Press, 1986.

Khalidi, Walid. Conflict and Violence in Lebanon: Confrontation
     in the Middle East. Cambridge: Harvard University Press,
     1979.

Longrigg, Stephen H. Syria and Lebanon under French
     Mandate. London: Oxford University Press, 1968.

Lyautey, Pierre. Le Liban Moderne. Paris: Julliard, 1964.

Mayer, Thomas. "Lebanon." Pages 663-86 in Colin Legum (ed.),
     Middle East Contemporary Survey, 1980-81. New York:
     Holmes and Meier, 1982.

Olmert, Yosef. "Lebanon." Pages 702-33 in Colin Legum (ed.),
     Middle East Contemporary Survey, 1981-82. New York:
     Holmes and Meier, 1983.

Peretz, Don. The Middle East Today. New York: Praeger,
     1983.

Rabinovich, Itamar. The War for Lebanon, 1970-1983.
     Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1984.

Rabinovich, Itamar, and Hanna Zamir. "Lebanon." Pages 603-27 in
     Colin Legum (ed.), Middle East Contemporary Survey, 1977-
     78. New York: Holmes and Meier, 1979.

------. "Lebanon." Pages 492-525 in Colin Legum (ed.), Middle
     East Contemporary Survey, 1976-77. New York: Holmes and
     Meier, 1978.

Randal, Jonathan C. Going All the Way. New York: Viking
     Press, 1983.

Salibi, Kamal S. Crossroads to Civil War: Lebanon, 1958-
     76. Delmar, New York: Caravan Books, 1976.

------. Maronite Historians of Medieval Lebanon. New York:
AMS Press, 1980.

------. The Modern History of Lebanon. Delmar, New York:
     Caravan Books, 1977.

Seeden, Helga. "Coastal Lebanon." Pages 56-70 in Beirut College for
     Women (ed.), Cultural Resources in Lebanon. Beirut:
     Libraire du Liban, 1969.

Ward, William A. "Ancient Lebanon." Pages 11-32 in Beirut College
     for Women (ed.), Cultural Resources in Lebanon.
     Beirut: Libraire du Liban, 1969.

Yazbek, Yusif I. "Lebanese History Between 1841 and 1920." Pages
     240-42 in Beirut College for Women (ed.), Cultural
     Resources in Lebanon. Beirut: Libraire du Liban, 1969.

Zamir, Meier. The Formation of Modern Lebanon. London:
     Croom Helm, 1985.

Ziadeh, Nicola A. Syria and Lebanon. New York: Praeger,
     1957.

Chapter 2

AbuKhalil, As'ad. "Druze, Sunni, and Shi'ite Political Leadership
     in Present-Day Lebanon," Arab Studies Quarterly, 7,
     No. 4, Fall 1985.

Ajami, Fouad. The Vanished Imam: Musa al Sadr and the Shia of
     Lebanon. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1986.

Alamuddin, Nura, and Paul Starr. Crucial Bonds: Marriage among
     the Druze. Delmar, New York: Caravan Books, 1980.

Al-Bustani, Fuad Afram. Ittijahat Lubnaniyyah (Lebanese
     Attitudes). Beirut: ad Da'irah, 1982.

'Amil, Mahdi. Taqdim lil Nafi at Takfir at Ta'ifi (An
     Introduction to the Negation of Sectarian Thought). Beirut:
     Dar al Farabi, 1985.

Armstrong, Lincoln. "Demographic Characteristics of Beirut as a
     City in 1970," Population, 5, July 1973, 32-62.

------. "Social Differentiation in Selected Lebanese Villages,"
     American Sociological Review, 21, No. 4, 1956, 425-
     34.

------. "A Socio-Economic Poll in Beirut-Lebanon," Public
     Opinion Quarterly, 12, No. 1, 1959, 17-27.

------. "Sociological Patterns and Value Orientation in Rural
     Lebanon," Public Opinion Quarterly, 22, No. 3, 1958,
     22-32.

Asad, Talal, and Roger Owen (ed.). The Middle East.
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     Review Press, 1983.

Baer, Gabriel. "Religous and Ethnic Groups." Pages 250-66 in Jacob
     M. Landau (ed.), Man, State, and Society in the
     Contemporary Middle East. New York: Praeger, 1972.

Barakat, Halim. Al Mujtama' al Arabi al Hadith
     (Contemporary Arab Society). Beirut: Center for Arab Unity
     Studies, 1984.

------. Lebanon in Strife: Student Preludes to the Civil
     War. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1977.

------. "Social and Political Integration in Lebanon: A Case of
     Social Mosaic," Middle East Journal, 27, Summer 1973.

------. "The Social Context." Pages 3-20 in Lewis Snider and Edward
     Haley (eds.), Lebanon in Crisis. Syracuse: Syracuse
     University Press, 1979.

Beirut College for Women (ed.). Cultural Resources in
     Lebanon. Beirut: Libraire du Liban, 1969.

Betts, Robert C. Christians in the Arab East: A Political
     Study. Athens: Lycabettus Press, 1975.

Bilani, Bashir. Al Qawanin al Mita' ash Shakhssiyah fi
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     'Ilm lil Malayin, 1982.

Binder, Leonard. Politics in Lebanon. New York: John Wiley
     and Sons, 1966.

Chamie, Joseph. Religion and Fertility. Cambridge:
     Cambridge University Press, 1981.

------. "Religious Groups in Lebanon: A Descriptive Invesitgation,"
     International Journal of Middle East Studies, 2,
     1980, 175-87.

Chevallier, Dominique. La Société du Mont Liban à L'Epoque de
     la Révolution Industrielle en Europe. Paris: Libraire
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Churchill, Charles. The Druze and the Maronites under the
     Turkish Rule from 1840 to 1860. New York: Cambridge
     University Press, 1973 (Reprint.).

Cobban, Helena. The Making of Modern Lebanon. Boulder,
     Colorado: Westview Press, 1985.

------. The Shi'ite Community in Lebanon. Washington:
     Islamic Institute, The American University, 1984.

Dahir, Mas'ud. Al Asas at Tarikhiyah lil Qanun at Ta'ifi
     (The Historical Roots of the Lebanese Confessional Question).
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------. Luban: At Tahrir al Qa'ida wa al Mithaq (Lebanon:
     Independence, the Formula, and the Pact). Beirut: Dar al
     Matbu'at ash Sharqiyyah, 1984.

Enayat, Hamid. "The Guardianship of the Jurisconsult." In James
     Piscatori (ed.), Islam in the Political Process.
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Evans, Louella. Portrait of a People: Lebanon. New York:
     Graphic Society, 1972.

Farsoun. Samih. "Family Structure and Society in Modern Lebanon."
     Pages 257-307 in Louise Sweet (ed.), Peoples and Cultures
     of the Middle East, II. New York: Natural History Press,
     1970.

Fuller, Anne. Buarij: Portrait of a Lebanese Moslem
     Village. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1966.

Gibb, H. (ed.). Shorter Encyclopedia of Islam. Ithaca:
     Cornell University Press, 1984.

Gordon, David C. Lebanon: The Fragmented Nation. London:
     Croom Helm, 1980.

------. The Republic of Lebanon: Nation in Jeopardy.
     Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1983.

Gubser, Peter. "The Zu'ama of Zahleh: The Current Situation in a
     Lebanese Town," Middle East Journal, 27, No. 2, 1973,
     173-89.

Gulick, John. Social Structure and Culture Change in a Lebanese
     Village. New York: Viking Fund, 1955.

------. Tripoli: A Modern Arab City. Cambridge: Harvard
     University Press, 1967.

Harik, Iliya. "The Ethnic Revolution and Political Integration in
     the Middle East," International Journal of Middle East
     Studies, 3, July 1972.

Hatab, Zuhayr. Tatawwur at Tashkilaat min al 'Ailahal
     Arabiyyah (The Development of the Structures of the Arab
     Family). Beirut: Institute for Arab Development, 1976.

Hess, Clyde, and Herbert Bodman. "Confessionalism and Feudality in
     Lebanese Politics," Middle East Journal, 8, Winter
     1954.

Hitti, Philip K. Lebanon in History: From the Earliest Times to
     the Present. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1957.

------. The Origins of the Druze People and Religion. New
     York: AMS Press, 1966.

Hourani, Albert H. Minorities in the Arab World. London:
     Oxford University Press, 1947.

------. Syria and Lebanon. London: Oxford University
     Press, 1946.

Hudson, Michael C. The Precarious Republic. New York:
     Random House, 1968.

Ismail, Adel. Le Liban: Histoire d'un Peuple. Beirut: Dar
     al Makhouf, 1968.

Keehn, J.D., and Edwin T. Prothro. "The Structure of Social
     Attitudes in Lebanon," Journal of Abnormal Social
     Psychology, 53, 1956, 157-60.

Khalaf, Samir. Lebanon's Predicament. New York: Columbia
     University Press, 1987.

------. Persistence and Change in 19th Century Lebanon: A
     Sociological Essay. Beirut: American University of
     Beirut, 1979.

------. "Primordial Ties and Politics in Lebanon," Middle East
     Studies, 4, April 1968.

Khalid, Mufti Hasan. Al Muslimun fi Lubnan wa al Harb al
     Ahliyyah (The Moslems in Lebanon and the Civil War).
     Beirut: Dar al Kindi, 1978.

Khalidi, Rashid. Under Siege: PLO Decisionmaking During the
     1982 War. New York: Columbia University Press, 1986.

Khuri, Fuad I. "The Changing Class Structure in Lebanon,"
     Middle East Journal, 23, No. 1, 1969, 29-44.

------. "A Comparative Study of Migration Patterns in Two Lebanese
     Villages," Human Organization, 26, Winter 1967, 206-
     13.

------. From Village to Suburb: Order and Change in Greater
     Beirut. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1975.

Labaki, Georges. "On the Air: The Rise of Private Radio and T.V.
     Stations in Lebanon," Lebanon Monitor, 2, No. 4,
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------. Ministry of National Education and Fine Arts. Educational
     Center for Research and Development. Al Ahsa'at al
     Awwaliyyah lil 'Am ad Dirasi, 1981-82 (Basic Statistics
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McLaurin, R.D. (ed.). The Political Role of Minority Groups in
     the Middle East. New York: Praeger, 1979.

Makarem, Sami Nasib. The Druze Faith. Delmar, New York:
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Naji, Amin. La Na'ish ka Dhimiyyin (We Will Not Live as
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Najjar, Abdallah. The Druze. n.p., n.d.

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     Lubnan (Social Classes in Lebanon). Beirut: Institute of
     Arab Research, 1984.

Norton, Augustus Richard. Amal and the Shi'a. Austin:
     University of Texas Press, 1987.

Odeh, B.J. Lebanon: The Dynamics of Conflict. London: Zed
     Press, 1984.

Owen, Roger (ed.). Essays on the Crisis in Lebanon.
     London: Ithaca Press, 1976.

Patai, Raphael. Society, Culture, and Change in the Middle
     East. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press,
     1971.

Prothro, Edwin Terry. Child Rearing in the Lebanon
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     University Press, 1961.

Rondot, Pierre. At Tawa'if fi ad Dawlah al Lubnaniyyah
     (Sects in the Lebanese State). (Arabic trans. by Elias Abboud
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Salem, Elie. Modernization Without Revolution: Lebanon's
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Salibi, Kamal S. "The Lebanese Identity," Journal of Current
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------. The Modern History of Lebanon. Delmar, New York:
     Caravan Books, 1977.

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     Washington: AMIDEAST, 1983.

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Stewart, Bonnie Ann. "A Vanishing Lifestyle: The Nomads in Lebanon
     Search for Their Future in the 20th Century." (Unpublished
     paper.) 1985.

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------. Un Village de montagne au Liban. Paris: Mouton,
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Chapter 3

Alamuddine, Najib. The Flying Sheikh. London: Quartet
     Books, 1987.

Azar, Edward E., and Robert F. Haddad. "Seminar on the
     Reconstruction of the Lebanese Economy: Plans for Recovery."
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Boustany, Nora. "A Few Lebanese Cling to Homes Inside Israel's
     'Security Zone'," Washington Post, June 23, 1987.

Bulloch, John. Death of a Country. London: Weidenfeld and
     Nicolson, 1977.

------. Final Conflict: The War in the Lebanon. London:
     Century, 1983.

Gilmour, David. Lebanon: The Fractured Country. New York:
     St. Martin's Press, 1983.

Gordon, David C. The Republic of Lebanon: Nation in
     Jeopardy. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1983.

Hamdan, Kamal. "The Lebanese Economy in 1985: Eminent Disaster."
     n.p.: Middle East Council of Churches, 1986.

Iskandar, Marwan, and Elias Baroudi. The Lebanese Economy in
     1981-82. Beirut: Middle East Economic Consultants, 1983.

------. The Lebanese Economy in 1982-83. Beirut: Middle
     East Economic Consultants, 1984.

Labaki, Georges. "The Lebanese Economy: Miracle or Debacle,"
     Lebanon Monitor, 2, No. 2, October 1986, 1-2, 8.

Maroun, Ibrahim. L'Economie Libanaise, Le Marché Arabe, et la
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     John Munro (ed.), Trade and Peace in the Middle East.
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Norton, Augustus Richard. Amal and the Shi'a. Austin:
     University of Texas Press, 1987.

Petran, Tabitha. The Struggle over Lebanon. New York:
     Monthly Review Press, 1987.

Randal, Jonathan C. Going All the Way. New York: Viking
     Press, 1983.

Saidi, Nasser H. Economic Consequences of the War in
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Yassen, Ahmad. "Lebanon." Pages 46-47 in Arab Agriculture 1987
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    (Various issues of the following publications were also used in
the preparation of this chapter: An Nahar Arab Report and
Memo [Nicosia, Cyprus]; Banque du Liban (Central Bank),
Quarterly Report [Beirut]; Economist Intelligence Unit,
Quarterly Economic Review of Lebanon and Cyprus,
Lebanon and Cyprus: Annual Supplement, and Country
Report: Lebanon and Cyprus [London]; International Monetary
Fund, International Financial Statistics Yearbook;
Middle East Economic Digest [London]; Middle East
Economic Survey [Nicosia, Cyprus]; New York Times;
Wall Street Journal; and Washington Post.)

Chapter 4

Abu Fadil, Munir (ed.). Lubnan: Al Qadiyyah (Lebanon: The
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Ajami, Fouad. The Vanished Iman: Musa al Sadr and the Shia of
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Al-Jisr, Basim. Mithaq 1943 (The 1943 Pact). Beirut: Dar
     an Nahar, 1978.

`Amil, Mahdi. Bahith fi Asbab al Harb al Ahliyyah fi
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     or Reality? New York: Praeger, 1984.

------. Lebanon and the World in the 1980s. College Park,
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Binder, Leonard. Politics in Lebanon. New York: John Wiley
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Bourgi, Albert, and Pierre Weiss. Les Complots Libanais: Guerre
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Dawisha, Adeed I. Syria and the Lebanese Crisis. New York:
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Deeb, Marius. The Lebanese Civil War. New York: Praeger,
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Dekmejian, Richard. "Consociational Democracy in Crisis: The Case
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Dhibyan, Sami. Al Haraka al Wataniyyah al Lubnaniyyah (The
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Entelis, John. Pluralism and Party Transformation in Lebanon:
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Gemayel, Amine. Peace and Unity. United Kingdom: Colin
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Gemayyel, Pierre. Lubnan: Waqi' wa Murtaja (Lebanon:
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Gilmour, David. Lebanon: The Fractured Country. New York:
     St. Martin's Press, 1983.

Gordon, David C. Lebanon: The Fragmented Nation. London:
     Croom Helm, 1980.

------. The Republic of Lebanon: Nation in Jeopardy.
     Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1983.

Goria, Wade. Sovereignty and Leadership in Lebanon, 1943-
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Haddad, Wadi. Lebanon: The Politics of Revolving Doors.
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Hagopian, Elaina (ed.). Amal and the Palestinians.
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     University Graduates, 1981.

Haley, P. Edward, and Lewis Snider (eds.). Lebanon in Crisis:
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Harik, Iliya. Lebanon: Anatomy of Conflict. Hanover, New
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Hudson, Michael C. "The Breakdown of Democracy in Lebanon,"
     Journal of International Affairs, 38, Winter 1985,
     277-82.

------. "The Electoral Process and Political Development in
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     86.

------. "The Lebanese Crisis: The Limits of Consociational
     Democracy," Journal of Palestine Studies, 5, Spring-
     Summer 1976, 109-22.

------. "The Palestinian Factor in the Lebanese Civil War,"
     Middle East Journal, 32, Summer 1978, 261-78.

------. The Precarious Republic. New York: Random House,
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------. The Precarious Republic Revisited: Reflections on the
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Hurewitz, J.C. "Lebanese Democracy in Its International Setting,"
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Iskandar, Marwan. "Constitutional Features of Lebanese Democracy,"
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Khalad, Mufti Hasan. Al Muslimun fi Lubnan wa al Harb al
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Khalaf, Samir. Lebanon's Predicament. New York: Columbia
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Khalidi, Rashid. "Lebanon in the Context of Regional Politics,"
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------. "The Palestinians in Lebanon," Middle East
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------. "Problems of Foreign Intervention in Lebanon,"
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------. Under Siege: PLO Decisionmaking During the 1982
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Khalidi, Walid. Conflict and Violence in Lebanon: Confrontation
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     1979.

Khoury, Enver M. The Crisis in the Lebanese System:
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Khuri, Fuad I. From Village to Suburb: Order and Change in
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Labaki, Georges. The Lebanon Crisis. College Park: Center
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"Moslem and Leftist Organizations: Al Murabitoun," Middle East
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"Moslem and Leftist Organizations: The Amal Movement," Middle
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"Moslem and Leftist Organizations: Communist Organizations,"
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"Moslem and Leftist Organizations: Hizbullah," Middle East
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"Moslem and Leftist Organizations: The National Syrian Social
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Muir, Jim. "Buying Hearts and Minds," Middle East
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------. "Lebanon: Arena of Conflict," Middle East Journal,
     38, Spring 1984, 204-19.

Norton, Augustus Richard. Amal and the Shi'a. Austin:
     University of Texas Press, 1987.

Odeh, B.J. Lebanon: The Dynamics of Conflict. London: Zed
     Press, 1984.

Owen, Roger (ed.). Essays on the Crisis in Lebanon.
     London: Ithaca Press, 1976.

Petran, Tabitha. The Struggle over Lebanon. New York:
     Monthly Review Press, 1987.

Qubain, Fahim. Crisis in Lebanon. Washington: Middle East
     Institute, 1961.

Rabinovich, Itamar. The War for Lebanon, 1970-1983.
     Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1984.

Randal, Jonathan C. Going All the Way. New York: Viking
     Press, 1983.

Rizq, Charles. Le Régime Politique Libanais. Paris: R.
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Salam, Nawaf, and Lina Sadaka. The Civil War in Lebanon: A
     Bibliographical Essay. Beirut: American University of
     Beirut, 1982.

Salem, Elie. "Cabinet Politics in Lebanon," Middle East
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------. "Lebanon's Political Maze," Middle East Journal,
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------. Modernization Without Revolution: Lebanon's
     Experience. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1973.

Salibi, Kamal S. Crossroads to Civil War: Lebanon, 1958-
     1976. Delmar, New York: Caravan Books, 1976.

Schiff, Ze'ev, and Ehud Ya'ari. Israel's Lebanon War. New
     York: Simon and Schuster, 1984.

Shamun, Camille. Crise au Moyen-Orient. Paris: Gallimard,
     1963.

Shararah, Waddah. As Silm al Ahli al Barid (The Cold Civil
     Peace). Beirut: Arab Development Institute, 1980.

------. Fi Usul Lubnan at Ta'ifi (On the Roots of
     Sectarian Lebanon). Beirut: Dar at Tali'ah, 1975.

------. Hurub al Istitba' (Wars of Followership). Beirut:
     Dar at Tali'ah, 1979.

Shruru, Fadl. Al Ahzab wa at Tanzimat wa al Quwat as Siyasiyyah
     fi Lubnan, 1930-1980 (Political Parties, Organizations,
     and Forces in Lebanon, 1930-1980). Beirut: Dar al Masirah,
     1981.

Smock , David, and Audrey Smock. The Politics of Pluralism: A
     Comparative Study of Lebanon and Ghana. New York:
     Elsevier, 1975.

Suleiman, Michael. Political Parties in Lebanon. Ithaca:
     Cornell University Press, 1967.

Vocke, Herald. The Lebanese War: Its Origins and Political
     Dimensions. London: C. Hurst, 1978.

Zamir, Meier. The Formation of Modern Lebanon. London:
     Croom Helm, 1985.

Chapter 5

Bavly, Dan, and Elihu Salpeter. Fire in Beirut: Israel's War in
     Lebanon with the PLO. New York: Stein and Day, 1984.

Berlin, Michael J. "Funding Cutbacks Threaten UNIFIL,"
     Washington Post, April 4, 1987.

Bernstein, Richard. "Trial of Suspected Terrorist Leader Opens in
     Paris Today," New York Times, February 23,
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"Bloody Beirut: Trading in Lives," U.S. News and World
     Report, February 9, 1987, 24-29.   

Bouhabib, Abdallah. "Lebanon: A Fuse Instead of a Buffer,"
     Arab-American Affairs, No. 15, Winter 1986-87, 13.

Boustany, Nora. "Syrians Deploy Southward in Lebanon,"
     Washington Post, April 15, 1987, A23.

Bulloch, John. Death of a Country. London: Weidenfeld and
     Nicholson, 1977.

------. Final Conflict: The War in the Lebanon. London:
     Century, 1983.

Clyde, Mark. "Lebanon: The Remaining U.S. Hostages. A Chronology,
     1984-1986." (Library of Congress, Congressional Research
     Service, No. 87-322-F.) 1987.

Creed, John. Lebanon: Developments Between February 1984 and
     July 1985.(Library of Congress, Congressional Research
     Service, No. 85-885-F.) 1985.

Dawisha, Adeed I. Syria and the Lebanese Crisis. New York:
     St. Martin's Press, 1980.

Deeb, Marius. The Lebanese Civil War. New York: Praeger,
     1980.

"Details on Bank Attacks in Lebanon," Middle East Reporter
     [Beirut], October 18, 1986, 7.

"Diverse Allegiance of the Army," Middle East Reporter
     [Beirut], May 17, 1986, 8-14.

"Dollar Rate, Crime, and Unemployment on the Rise," Monday
     Morning [Beirut], June 9-15, 1986, 10.

Dunn, Michael Collins. "Rebuilding Lebanon's Army," Defense and
     Foreign Affairs Monthly, June 1983, 16-19.

------"Return to Reality on Lebanese Hostages?" Defense and
     Foreign Affairs Daily, January 30, 1987, 3.

Economist Intelligence Unit. Quarterly Economic Review of
     Lebanon and Cyprus [London], No. 2, 1984, 7-10.

------. Quarterly Economic Review of Lebanon and Cyprus
     [London], No. 3, 1984, 6-8.

------. Quarterly Economic Review of Lebanon and Cyprus
     [London], No. 3, 1985, 11.

Fisher, W.B. "Lebanon." Pages 556-95 in Middle East and North
     Africa, 1987. London: Europa, 1986.

"Future of U.N. in Lebanon in Doubt Again," Jane's Defence
     Weekly [London], September 27, 1986.

Gabriel, Philip Louis. In the Ashes: A Story of Lebanon.
     Ardmore, Pennsylvania: Whitmore, 1978.

Gainsborough, J. Russell. The Arab-Israeli Conflict: A
     Politico-Legal Analysis. Brookfield, Vermont: Gower
     Press, 1986.

Gammer, Moshe. "The War in Lebanon: The Course of the Hostilities."
     Pages 128-48 in Colin Legum (ed.), Middle East
     Contemporary Survey, 1981-82. New York: Holmes and Meier,
     1983.

Gemayel, Amin. "The Prince and the Promise," Foreign
     Affairs, 63, Spring 1985, 773.

"Ghazi Kenan Takes on West Beirut," Defense and Foreign Affairs
     Weekly, March 9-15, 1987, 2.

Gibran, Khalil. The Prophet. New York: Phoenix Press, 
     1986.

Gilmour, David. Lebanon: The Fractured Country. New York:
     St. Martin's Press, 1983.

Gordon, David C. Lebanon: The Fragmented Nation. London:
     Croom Helm, 1980.

------. The Republic of Lebanon: Nation in Jeopardy.
     Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1983.

Herzog, Chaim. The Arab-Israeli Wars. New York: Random
     House, 1982.

Hijazi, Ihsan. "U.N. Forces Battle Lebanese Militia," New York
     Times, August 13, 1986.

------. "Unrivaled Clashes Raging in Streets of West Beirut,"
     New York Times, February 19, 1987, A1.

Houghton, Robert, and Frank G. Trinka. Multinational
     Peacekeeping in the Middle East. Washington: Foreign
     Service Institute, 1984.

Hudson, Michael C. The Precarious Republic. New York:
     Random House, 1968.

Hurewitz, J.C. Middle East Politics. New York: Octagon
     Books, 1974.

International Institute of Strategic Studies. The Military
     Balance, 1986-1987. London: 1986.

James, Alan. "Painful Peacekeeping: The United Nations in Lebanon,
     1978-1982," International Journal, Autumn 1983, 613-
     34.

Jansen, Michael. The Battle of Beirut. Boston: South End
     Press, 1983.

Jureidini, Paul A., and R.D. McLaurin. "Army and State in Lebanon,"
     Middle East Insight, 3, No. 2, 1983, 31.

Kechichian, Joseph A. "The Lebanese Army: Capabilities and
     Challenges," Conflict Quarterly, 5, No.1, Winter
     1985, 15-39.

Khalaf, Samir. Lebanon's Predicament. New York: Columbia
     University Press, 1987.

Khalidi, Rashid. Conflict and Violence in Lebanon:
     Confrontation in the Middle East. Cambridge: Harvard
     University Press, 1979.

------. Under Siege: PLO Decisionmaking During the 1982
     War. New York: Columbia University Press, 1986.

Laffin, John. The War of Desperation: Lebanon, 1982-85.
     London: Osprey, 1985.

Lamb, Franklin P. (ed.). Israel's War in Lebanon. Boston:
     South End Press, 1984.

Lebanese Center for Documentation and Research. Mufawazat al
     Lubnaniyyah al Isra'iliyyah (Lebanese-Israeli
     Negotiations). Antilyas, Lebanon: 1984.

"Lebanon: Why Hobeika's East Beirut Raid," Defense and Foreign
     Affairs Daily, October 7, 1986.

Longva, Wilhelm Hans. "UNIFIL: Objectives and Prospects,"
     Middle East Insight, 3, No. 5, 1984.

Mauer, Robert J. "Peacekeeping in Lebanon: Lessons Learned."
     (Unpublished paper, written for Naval War College.) 1984.

Norton, Augustus Richard. "Making Enemies in South Lebanon: Harakat
     Amal, the IDF, and South Lebanon," Middle East
     International, 3, No. 3, 1984, 13-20.

Olmert, Yosef. "Lebanon." Pages 657-702 in Colin Legum (ed.),
     Middle East Contemporary Survey, 1982-83. New York:
     Holmes and Meier, 1985.

Podesta, Don. "Ethnic Conflicts; Toll Mounts," Washington
     Post, May 26, 1987, A17.

"Profiles: Brigadier General Kenaan," Middle East Reporter
     [Beirut], March 7, 1987, 12.

Rabinovich, Itamar. "Israel and Lebanon in 1983." Pages 135-49 in
     Colin Legum (ed.), Middle East Contemporary Survey, 1982-
     83. New York: Holmes and Meier, 1985.

------. The War for Lebanon, 1970-1983. Ithaca: Cornell
     University Press, 1984.

------. "The War in Lebanon: An Overview." Pages 109-27 in Colin
     Legum (ed.), Middle East Contemporary Survey, 1981-
     82. New York: Holmes and Meier, 1984.

Randal, Jonathan C. Going All the Way. New York: Viking
     Press, 1983.

Schiff, Ze'ev, and Ehud Ya'ari. Israel's Lebanon War.
     New York: Simon and Schuster, 1984.

Sivard, Ruth L. World Military and Social Expenditures,
     1986. Washington: World Priorities, 1986.

TWA Hijacking: A Chronology of Events. (Library of
     Congress, Congressional Research Service, No. 85-845-F.) July
     1986.

Tyler, Patrick. "Lebanon's Soldiers Fight for Militia,"
     Washington Post, March 5, 1985.

United States. Department of Defense. Report of the DOD
     Commission on Beirut International Airport Terrorist Act, 23
     October 1983. Washington: GPO, December 20, 1983.

------. Department of State. Country Reports on Human Rights
     Practices for 1986. (Report submitted to United States
     Congress, 100th, 1st Session, Senate, Committee on Foreign
     Relations, and House of Representatives, Committee on Foreign
     Affairs.) Washington: GPO, February 1987.

Weinberger, Naomi J. Syrian Intervention in Lebanon.
     Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986.

Zamir, Meier. The Formation of Modern Lebanon. London:
     Croom Helm, 1985.