Appendix A. Tables

Table 1. Metric Conversion Coofficients and Factors


When you kow	Multiply by	To find
Millimeters	0.04	inches
Centimeters	0.39	inches
Meters	3.3	feet
Kilometers	0.62	miles
Hectares	2.47	acres
Square kilometers	0.39	square miles
Cubic meters	35.3	cubic feet
Liters	0.26	gallons
Kilograms	2.2	pounds
Metric tons	0.98	long tons
	1.1	short tons
	2,204	pounds
Degrees Celsius (Centigrade)	1.8 and add 32	degrees Fahrenheit

Table 2. Population Estimates by State, 1987

State	Population	State	Population
Akwa Ibom	5,100,000	Kwara	3,400,000
Anambra	7,200,000	Lagos	4,100,000
Bauchi	4,800,000	Niger	2,200,000
Bendel	4,900,000	Ogun	3,100,000
Benue	4,800,000	Ondo	5,500,000
Borno	6,000,000	Oyo	10,400,000
Cross River	1,900,000	Plateau	4,000,000
Gongola	5,200,000	Rivers	3,400,000
Imo	7,300,000	Sokoto	9,000,000
Kaduna	3,300,000	Federal Capital Territory (Abuja)	300,000
Kano	11,500,000	TOTAL	112,300,000
Katsina	4,900,000

Source: Based on information from Economist Intelligence Unit, Country Report: Nigeria [London], No. 1, 1990, 10.

Table 3. Enrollment, Number of Schools, and Number of Teachers in Public Primary Schools by State, 1983-84 to 1985-86

	1983-84			1984-85			1985-86
State1	Total Enrollment	Number of Schools	Number of Teachers	Total Enrollment	Number of Schools	Number of Teachers	Total Enrollment	Number of Schools	Number of Teachers
Anambra	838,470	2,084	34,267	928,738	2,071	27,074	n.a.	2,071	n.a.
Bauchi	326,472	1,830	8,542	284,120	1,830	14,526	308,267	1,798	6,256
Bendel	927,708	1,736	36,860	660,751	1,743	21,446	758,572	1,772	17,903
Benue	953,568	2,700	28,943	441,641	2,018	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.
Borno	445,999	2,090	8,137	444,360	1,858	10,009	470,200	1,858	10,009
Cross River	872,370	1,660	24,833	845,745	1,524	24,354	616,654	1,489	15,792
Gongola	518,369	1,857	11,899	359,552	1,447	8,645	384,246	1,460	10,244
Imo	793,867	2,011	27,562	849,703	2,012	20,235	887,039	2,010	20,301
Kaduna	1,134,475	2,885	30,099	1,261,918	2,885	14,646	816,696	2,948	n.a.
Kano	752,278	3,063	18,137	762,593	3,108	16,944	765,226	3,108	n.a.
Kwara	865,972	1,305	17,944	882,8642	1,3053	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.
Lagos	632,528	967	14,944	650,937	962	16,362	662,380	888	16,613
Niger	462,074	1,164	10,034	460,182	1,164	6,943	451,010	1,164	6,802
Ogun	445,168	1,288	12,856	359,515	1,288	11,320	369,261	1,277	11,203
Ondo	693,997	1,627	22,294	567,612	1,726	14,870	453,397	1,608	16,824
Oyo	2,070,362	1,907	32,987	1,982,525	2,740	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.
Plateau	524,299	1,687	15,656	545,702	1,687	n.a.	511,607	1,375	15,103
Rivers	369,363	1,119	14,449	320,935	1,110	13,719	345,059	1,081	11,826
Sokoto	705,777	4,038	18,482	717,898	2,509	12,624	724,625	2,452	13,013
Federal Capital Territory (Abuja)	45,1552	198	1,865	45,1552	201	1,782	47,244	203	1,683
TOTAL	14,378,271	37,216	390,790	13,372,446	35,188	235,499	8,571,483	28,562	173,572

n.a.--not available.
1Akwa Ibom and Katsina did not become states until September 1987 and are therefore not included.
2Provisional.
31983-84 figure.

Source: Based on information from Nigeria, Office of Statistics, Social Statistics in Nigeria, 1985, Lagos, 1986, 80.

Table 4. Enrollment in Secondary Schools by State, 1980-81 to 1983-84

	1980-81		1981-82		1982-83		1983-84
State1	Students	Percentage	Studen ts	Percentage	Students	Percentage	Students	Percentage
Anambra	153,378	7.7	250,611	9.7	180,729	6.0	117,506	3.9
Bauchi	18,007	0.9	25,989	1.0	37,330	1.2	19,792	0.7
Bendel	253,075	12.7	351,006	13.6	369,508	12.2	383,571	12.8
Benue	38,314	2.0	75,261	2.9	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	0.0
Borno	27,164	1.4	36,275	1.4	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	0.0
Cross River	176,940	8.9	151,182	5.9	168,816	5.6	162,999	5.4
Gongola	29,284	1.5	42,835	1.7	62,356	2.1	77,894	2.6
Imo	277,649	13.9	305,386	11.9	279,414	9.3	270,898	9.0
Kaduna	50,659	2.5	55,153	2.1	98,868	3.3	140,909	4.7
Kano	32,000	1.6	35,167	1.4	62,477	2.1	74,701	2.5
Kwara	34,333	4.2	92,536	3.6	113,129	3.7	133,937	4.5
Lagos	165,563	8.3	191,309	7.4	225,195	7.5	232,657	7.8
Niger	12,882	0.6	14,945	0.6	160,8482	5.32	66,652	2.2
Ogun	109,525	5.5	136,232	5.3	160,8482	5.32	181,654	6.1
Ondo	178,309	9.0	258,549	10.0	304,452	10.1	299,144	10.0
Oyo	244,490	12.2	373,266	14.5	557,295	18.5	571,227	19.0
Plateau	35,444	1.8	47,367	1.8	71,947	2.4	90,327	3.0
Rivers	72,916	3.7	86,502	3.4	111,475	3.7	92,627	3.1
Sokoto	32,501	1.6	44,630	1.7	45,630	1.5	74,615	2.5
Federal Capital Territory (Abuja)	0	0.0	1,767	0.1	5,460	0.2	7,978	0.3
TOTAL3	1,942,433	100.0	2,575,968	100.0	3,015,777	100.0	2,999,088	100.0

n.a.--not available.
1Akwa Ibom and Katsina did not become states until September 1987 and are therefore not included.
2As published.
3Percentages may not add to totals because of rounding.

Source: Based on information from Nigeria, Office of Statistics, Social Statistics in Nigeria, 1985, Lagos, 1986, 67.

Table 5. Enrollment in Federal Universities by State, 1980-81 to 1984-85

State1	1980-81	1981-82	1982- 83	1983-84	1984-852
Anambra	10,290	11,838	12,139	12,193	12,200
Bauchi	0	263	512	595	700
Bendel	5,694	6,489	7,005	9,528	9,000
Benue	0	193	366	451	600
Borno	2,569	3,244	4,131	5,505	5,600
Cross River	2,798	3,687	4,816	4,816	5,000
Gongola	0	0	128	221	350
Imo	0	224	364	565	600
Kaduna	11,681	12,586	14,029	13,374	13,400
Kano	2,479	2,861	3,376	3,777	4,000
Kwara	2,010	2,784	3,512	4,622	5,000
Lagos	12,365	12,757	9,891	10,800	11,000
Niger	0	0	0	160	300
Ogun	0	0	0	236	350
Ondo	0	0	148	274	400
Oyo	17,855	21,095	22,454	24,007	24,000
Plateau	3,047	3,933	4,798	4,983	5,000
Rivers	1,754	2,428	2,916	3,302	3,500
Sokoto	883	1,366	2,063	2,534	3,000
TOTAL	73,425	85,748	92,648	101,943	104,000

1Akwa Ibom and Katsina did not become states until September 1987 and are therefore not included.
2As published.

Source: Based on information from Nigeria, Office of Statistics, Social Statistics in Nigeria, 1985, Lagos, 1986, 83.

Table 6. Medical Personnel and Facilities, 1985

	Number	Per 100,000 Population
Doctors	14,757	15.3
Nurses	45,976	47.6
Midwives	39,137	40.5
Dentists	899	0.9
Hospital beds
Federal	11,793	n.a.
State	41,371	n.a.
Local	9,272	n.a.
Private	12,751	n.a.
Missions	10,020	n.a.
Community, corporation, and industrial	1,319	n.a.
Joint public
private sector	1,279	n.a.
Total hospital beds	87,805

n.a.--not available.

Source: Based on information from Nigeria, Office of Statistics, Social Statistics in Nigeria, 1985, Lagos, 1986, 45.

Table 7. Federal Government Budget, 1986-90

**(in millions of naira)1**
	1986	1987	19882	19893	19903
Revenues
Petroleum profits	8,108	19,027	20,934	22,521	38,627
Other	4,194	6,072	6,377	6,893	9,138
Total revenues	12,302	25,099	27,311	29,414	47,765
Expenditures
Current	7,697	15,646	19,409	21,235	27,208
Capital	8,527	6,373	8,340	9,797	12,555
Total expenditures	16,224	22,019	27,749	31,032	39,763
Allocations to state and local governments	4,333	8,970	11,722	12,197	20,442
Adjustments	0	0	0	0	-1,892
Balance	-8,255	- 5,890	-12,160	- 13,815	-14,332

1For value of the naira--see Glossary.
2Provisional.
3Projected.

Source: Based on information from Economist Intelligence Unit, Country Profile: Nigeria, 1990-91, London, 1990, 37.

Table 8. Labor Force by Sector, 1983

Sector	Number (in thousands)	Percentage
Employed
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing	9,296	33.5
Mining and quarrying	103	0.4
Manufacturing	1,343	4.8
Utilities	318	1.1
Construction	909	3.3
Trade, hotels, and restaurants	6,534	23.5
Transportation, communications, and storage	1,123	4.1
Finance, insurance, real estate, and business services	204	0.7
Community, social, and personal services	7,081	25.5
Other	865	3.1
Total employed	27,776	100.0
Unemployed	1,677	n.a.
TOTAL	29,453	n.a.

n.a.--not applicable.

Source: Based on information from Paul Hackett, "Nigeria-- Economy," in Africa South of the Sahara, 1990, London, 784.

Table 9. Gross Domestic Product by Sector, 1986-881

**(in billions of naira)2**
Sector	1986	1987	1988
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing	31.2	31.9	32.3
Crude petroleum	11.4	10.2	11.3
Mining and quarrying	0.4	0.4	0.5
Manufacturing	7.3	7.7	8.3
Utilities	0.4	0.3	0.3
Construction	1.3	1.1	1.1
Transportation	2.7	2.7	2.9
Communications	0.2	0.2	0.3
Wholesale and retail trade	12.1	13.6	14.1
Hotels and restaurants	0.7	0.7	0.7
Finance and insurance	2.4	2.6	3.0
Real estate and business services	0.3	0.3	0.3
Housing	1.9	1.9	2.0
Government services	5.0	5.0	5.0
Other	0.6	0.6	0.7
TOTAL3	77.9	79.3	82.6

1At 1984 factor cost.
2For value of the naira--see Glossary.
3Figures may not add to total because of rounding.

Source: Based on information from Economist Intelligence Unit, Country Profile: Nigeria, 1990-91, London, 1990, 15.

Table 10. Balance of Payments, 1984- 88

**(in millions of United States dollars)**
	1984	1985	1986	1987	1988
Exports1	11,827	13,369	6,599	7,702	7,419
Imports1	8,844	7,634	4,063	4,178	5,000
Trade balance	2,983	5,735	2,536	3,524	2,419
Invisibles (credit)	489	403	344	276	380
Invisibles (debit)	-3,034	-3,254	-2,371	-3,845	-3,800
Net private transfers	-299	-260	-131	- 20	-34
Net official transfers	-26	-1	-5	- 5	-22
Current account balance	113	2,623	373	- 70	-1,057
Investment	200	489	199	67	881
Other long-term capital	-638	-2,307	-1,440	-3,616	-3,492
Short-term capital	-912	-1,920	-91	1,167	1,273
Capital account balance	- 1,350	-3,738	- 1,332	-2,382	- 1,338
Errors and omissions	271	-138	-191	- 311	-63
Counterpart items	-9	-445	-40	56	-58
Foreign authorities reserves	0	0	0	1,829	0
Exceptional financing	1,446	1,753	612	4,641	4,503
Change in reserves (- means increase)	-471	-55	578	-1042	5142

1f.o.b.--free on board.
2As published.

Source: Based on information from Economist Intelligence Unit,Country Profile: Nigeria, 1990-91, London, 1990, 46.

Table 11. Production of Major Agricultural Commodities, 1985-88

**(in thousands of tons unless otherwise indicated)**
Commodity	1985	1986	1987	1988
Food crops
Beans	611	732	688	690
Cassava	1,378	1,546	1,486	1,587
Corn	1,190	1,336	1,202	1,370
Melons	147	153	145	150
Millet	3,684	4,111	3,905	4,170
Plantains	1,113	1,127	1,071	1,549
Rice	196	283	297	307
Sorghum	4,991	5,455	5,182	5,534
Yams	4,738	5,209	4,886	5,042
Total food crops	18,048	19,952	18,862	20,399
Commercial crops
Cocoa	110	100	105	200
Coconuts	102	104	105	108
Cottonseed	46	30	32	38
Palm kernels	360	350	353	545
Palm wine*	4,882	4,940	4,951	4,986
Peanuts	621	640	657	706
Rubber	58	60	51	81
Sesame	35	35	34	36
Shea nuts	100	103	104	109
Soybeans	114	100	107	121
Sugarcane	862	897	852	888
Total commercial crops	7,290	7,359	7,351	7,818
TOTAL	25,338	27,311	26,213	28,217

*In thousands of liters.

Source: Based on information from Economist Intelligence Unit, Country Profile: Nigeria, 1989-90, London, 1989, 18; and Economist Intelligence Unit, Country Profile: Nigeria, 1990- 91, London, 1990, 18-19.

Table 12. Major Imports, 1985-88

(in millions of naira)*
Commodity	1985	1986	1987	1988
Food and live animals	1,200	802	1,874	1,948
Beverages and tobacco	9	14	31	86
Animal and vegetable fats and oils	71	125	66	83
Crude materials (inedible)	350	194	800	667
Mineral fuels	61	42	77	255
Chemicals	1,108	1,039	3,017	4,838
Manufactured goods	1,612	1,237	4,485	5,650
Machinery and transportation equipment	2,414	2,278	6,828	10,282
Other	238	253	684	1,091
TOTAL	7,063	5,984	17,862	24,900

*For value of the naira--see Glossary.

Source: Based on information from Economist Intelligence Unit, Country Profile: Nigeria, 1990-91, London, 1990, 43-44.

Table 13. Major Exports, 1984-88

**(in millions of naira1)**
Commodity	1984	1985	1986	1987	19882
Cocoa beans	183	182	371	1,498	2,627
Cocoa products	32	57	54	62	86
Palm kernels and products	16	6	8	30	103
Petroleum	8,841	11,224	8,368	28,209	29,293
Rubber	17	4	29	61	290
Other3	-1	248	91	501	739
TOTAL	9,088	11,721	8,921	30,361	33,138

1For value of the naira--see Glossary.
2Provisional.
3Includes statistical discrepancy, which accounts for negative figure.

Source: Based on information from Economist Intelligence Unit, Country Profile: Nigeria, 1990-91, London, 1990, 43.

Table 14. Major Trading Partners, 1985- 88

**(in percentages)**
Year	Britain	Canada	France	Italy	Japan	Netherlands	Spain	United States	West Germany	Other	Total
Exports
1985	5.2	n.a.	10.8	n.a.	n.a.	4.2	5.4	19.8	13.7	40.9	100.0
1986	4.9	2.7	8.4	n.a.	n.a.	0.3	2.9	26.9	12.6	41.3	100.0
1987	2.6	2.0	5.7	n.a.	n.a.	3.9	8.3	37.7	7.7	32.1	100.0
1988	2.3	2.8	5.1	n.a.	n.a.	4.8	9.6	36.2	7.1	32.1	100.0
Imports
1985	17.3	n.a.	8.1	4.9	7.4	3.1	n.a.	9.6	9.2	40.4	100.0
1986	17.0	n.a.	10.1	5.2	4.0	5.1	n.a.	8.4	13.7	36.5	100.0
1987	16.4	n.a.	8.4	6.7	7.3	5.1	n.a.	6.2	11.2	38.7	100.0
1988	14.5	n.a.	9.8	6.4	6.4	3.8	n.a.	7.4	10.7	41.0	100.0

n.a.-- not available.

Source: Based on information from Economist Intelligence Unit, Country Profile: Nigeria, 1989-90, London, 1989, 42, 43; and Economist Intelligence Unit, Country Profile: Nigeria, 1990-91, London, 1990, 44-45.

Table 15. Crude Petroleum Production, Selected Years, 1967-89

**(in millions of barrels per day)**
Year	Quantity	Year	Quantity
1967	333	1979	2,306
1969	564	1981	1,440
1971	1,628	1983	1,235
1973	2,140	1985	1,491
1975	1,861	1987	1,270
1977	2,184	1989	1,662

Source: Based on information from E. Wayne Nafziger, The Economics of Political Instability: The Nigerian-Biafran War, Boulder, Colorado, 1983, 150; Central Bank of Nigeria, Economic and Financial Review [Lagos], 23, June 1985, 80; and Economist Intelligence Unit, Country Profile: Nigeria, 1990-91, London, 1990, 25.

Table 16. Revised Transition Timetable, 1987-92

**(As of December 1990)**
Year	Quarter	Event
1987	Third quarter	Establishment of Directorate of Social Mobilization, National Electoral Commission, and Constitution Drafting Committee.
	Fourth quarter	Elections to local governments on nonparty basis.
1988	First quarter	Establishment of National Population Commission, Code of Conduct Tribunal, and Constitutional Assembly.
1989	Second quarter	Lift of ban on party politics.
	Third quarter	Announcement of two recognized and registered political parties.
	Fourth quarter	Election of local governments on political party basis.
1990	First and second quarter	Election of state legislatures and state executives.
	Third quarter	Convening of state legislatures.
	Fourth quarter	Swearing in of state executives.
1991	First, second, and third quarters	Census.
	Fourth quarter	Local government elections.
1992	First and second quarters	Elections of federal legislature and convening of National Assembly.
	Third and fourth quarters	Presidential elections. Swearing in of new president and final withdrawal by the armed forces.

Table 17. Major Army Equipment, 1990

Type and Description	Country of Origin	In Inventory
Tanks
T-55 main battle tanks	Soviet Union	60
Vickers Mk 3 main battle tanks	Britain	97
Scorpion light tanks	-do-	100
Scimitar light tanks	-do-	5
Armored vehicles
Saladin Mk 2 reconnaissance	Britain	20
AML-60 reconnaissance	France	120
AML-90 reconnaissance	-do-	60
Ferret reconnaissance	Britain	25
Fox reconnaissance	-do-	55
VBL M-11 reconnaissance	France	10
Steyr 4K-7FA armored personnel carriers	Austria	300
Saracen armored personnel carriers	Britain	10
Panhard M3 armored personnel carriers	France	n.a.
ERC-90 Lynx armored cars	-do-	40
ERC-90 Sagaie armored cars	-do-	40
EE-9 Cascavel armored cars	Brazil	100 (on order)
Artillery
M1942 76mm guns	n.a.	n.a.
M-56 105mm guns	n.a.	200
D-30/74 122mm guns, howitzers	n.a.	200
M46 130mm howitzers	n.a.	n.a.
Bofors FH-77B 155mm howitzers	Sweden	24
Palmaria 155mm self-propelled howitzers	Italy	25
81mm mortars	n.a.	200
BM-21 122mm rocket launchers	Soviet Union	n.a.
Antitank weapons
Carl Gustav 84mm	Sweden	n.a.
M-40A1 106mm	n.a.	n.a.
Air defense weapons
ZPU 14.5mm	Soviet Union	n.a.
20mm	n.a.	60
ZU-23 23mm	Soviet Union	n.a.
ZSU-23-4 23mm self-propelled	-do-	30
L 60 40mm	n.a.	n.a.
Roland missile launchers	France	16
Blowpipe man-portable missiles	Britain	48

n.a.--not available.

Source: Based on information from The Military Balance, 1990- 1991, London, 1990, 139; and World Defense Almanac (Special Issue: Military Technology), January 1989, 231.

Table 18. Major Navy Equipment, 1990

Type and Description	Country of Origin	In Inventory
Frigates
Meko-360H with 1 Westland Lynx Mk 89 MR SR helicopter and 8 Otomat surface-to-surface missile (SSM) launchers	West Germany	1
Training vessel with helicopter deck	Netherlands	1
Missile craft
Lurssen-57 patrol frigates with 4 Otomat SSMs	West Germany	3
Combattante IIIB with 4 Exocet MM-38 SSMs	France	3
Corvettes
Vosper Mk 9 with Seacat triple surface-to-air missiles (SAMs)	Britain	1
Vosper Mk 3	-do-	1
Large patrol craft
Brooke Marine	-do-	4
Abeking and Rasmussen	West Germany	4
Coastal patrol craft
Intermarine	Italy	14
Simoneau	France	6
Danen	Netherlands	6
Van Mill	-do-	5
Watercraft	Britain	2
Swiftships	United States	4
Rotork Sea Truck	n.a.	4
Minesweepers
Intermarine Lerici-class	Italy	2
Amphibious
FDR type Ro-Ro-1300 tank landing ships	West Germany	2
Support ships
Bulldog-class survey ship	Britain	1
Van Lent training ship	Netherlands	1
Tugs (1 firefighter)	Netherlands/West Germany	8
Launchers	n.a.	56
Naval aviation
Westland Lynx Mk 89 MR
SR helicopters	Britain/France	3

n.a.--not available.

Source: Based on information from The Military Balance, 1990- 1991, London, 1990, 139; and Jane's Fighting Ships, 1989-90, London, 1989, 399-404.

Table 19. Major Air Force Equipment, 1990

Type and Description	Country of Origin	In Inventory
Fighters
Alpha Jet light attack trainiers	West Germany	21
MiG-21 MF Fishbed	Soviet Union	6
MiG-21 MF (being modernized)	-do-	12
MiG-21 UTI Mongol	-do-	4
Jaguar deck	Britain	15
Trainers
L-39	Czechoslovakia	12
MB-339AN	Italy	12
MiG-21 UTI	Soviet Union	2
Bulldog	Britain	25
Transports
C-130H	United States	6
C-130H-30	-do-	3
Do-228 VIP	West Germany	3(?)
F-28	-do-	1
G-222	Italy	5
Do-28D transport liaison	West Germany	18
Do-128-6 transport liaison	-do-	18
Gulfstream II VIP	United States	2
Boeing 727-300 VIP	-do-	1
Piper PA-31 Navajo	-do-	3
BAe 125-700	Britain	1
Maritime patrol search and rescue F-27	Netherlands	2
Helicopters
Bo-105D attack	West Germany	15
Bo-105D maritime reconnaissance
search and rescue	-do-	4
Bo-105C
D transport	-do-	4
SA-316B Alouette III	France	10
SA-3300 Puma transport	-do-	2
AS-332M Super Puma transport	-do-	6 (on order)
CH-47 Chinook	United States	5 (on order)
Hughes 300 training	-do-	14

Table 20. Arms Imports by Supplier, 1978- 87

**(in millions of United States dollars)**
Supplier	1978-82	1983-87
Britain	150	340
Bulgaria	0	20
China	0	5
Czechoslovakia	5	60
France	250	130
Italy	40	350
Soviet Union	90	90
United States	20	140
West Germany	280	70
Other	10	310
TOTAL	845	1,515

Source: Based on information from United States, Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, World Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers, 1972-1982, Washington, April 1984, table III, 95; and United States, Arms Controls and Disarmament Agency, World Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers, 1988, Washington, June 1989, table III, 111.