Appendix A. Tables

Table 1. Metric Conversion Coofficients and Factors

When you kowMultiply byTo find
Millimeters0.04inches
Centimeters0.39inches
Meters3.3feet
Kilometers0.62miles
Hectares2.47acres
Square kilometers0.39square miles
Cubic meters35.3cubic feet
Liters0.26gallons
Kilograms2.2pounds
Metric tons0.98long tons
1.1short tons
2,204pounds
Degrees Celsius (Centigrade)1.8 and add 32degrees Fahrenheit

Table 2. Rate of Growth of Gross National Product (GNP) by Sector, 1965-90*

(in percentages)
Sector1965-701970-751975- 801980-851985-901989-90
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing3.53.95.22.12.42.2
Industry4.97.57.5-2.84.51.9
Mining15.35.28.4-4.6-2.02.5
Manufacturing6.16.06.0-1.54.81.4
Construction3.114.812.5-9.83.94.2
Services4.84.85.8-0.44.93.3
GNP4.86.56.3-1.04.63.1

*Sectoral products from 1965 to 1975 are net domestic product.

Source: Based on information from Philippines, National Economic and Development Authority, 1989 Philippine Statistical Yearbook, Manila, 1989, Tables 3.9 and 3.10; Philippines, National Economic and Development Authority, 1981 Philippine Statistical Yearbook, Manila, 1981, Tables 3.9 and 3.13; and Philippines, National Statistical Coordination Board, The National Accounts of the Philippines: CY1988 to CY1990, Manila, n.d., Tables 5-7.

Table 3. Distribution of Employment by Sector, Selected Years, 1956-88

(in percentages)
Sector195619611968197 5198019851988
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing59.060.653.853.851.449.046.1
Industry
Manufacturing12.511.311.811.411.09.710.4
Other3.33.14.03.84.54.65.2
Total industry15.814.415.815.215.514.315.6
Services24.524.630.031.033.036.838.2
TOTAL*100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

*Figures may not add to total because of rounding.

Sources: Based on information from Philippines, National Economic and Development Authority, 1989 Philippine Statistical Yearbook, Manila, 1989, Tables 11.1 and 11.2; and Philippines, National Economic and Development Authority, 1981 Philippine Statistical Yearbook, Manila, 1981, Table 11.8.

Table 4. Government Expenditures, 1980, 1985, and 1989

(in millions of pesos)
198019851989
Economic services
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing2,4754,60616,217
Industry, trade, labor, and tourism1,4241,9151,343
Utilities and infrastructure11,82213,37822,309
Other---11,4744,885
Total economic services15,72131,37344,754
Social services
Education4,20410,97629,909
Health1,3333,2207,353
Social security and welfare4421,8753,720
Housing and community development1,3715,505374
Other2671832,632
Total social services7,61721,75943,988
Defense4,7607,12320,770
General public services6,5289,98618,989
Debt-service fund3,56222,269100,439
TOTAL38,18892,510228,940

---means negligible.
*For value of the peso--see Glossary.

Source: Based on information from Philippines, National Economic and Developent Authority, 1989 Philippine Statistical Yearbook, Manila, 1989, Table 15.3.

Table 5. Government Revenues, 1980, 1985, and 1988

(in millions of pesos)*
198019851988
Tax revenue
Taxes on income and profit8,76118,65527,409
Taxes on property196173384
Taxes on goods and services9,33222,67733,207
Taxes on international trade and transactions9,90417,44425,580
Other6401,3043,772
Total tax revenue28,83360,25390,352
Nontax revenue
Nontax revenue proper5,0207,32220,723
Capital revenue2311
Grants2223801,775
Total nontax revenue5,2447,70522,509
TOTAL34,07767,958112,861

*For value of the peso--see Glossary.

Source: Based on information from Philippines, National Economic and Development Authority, 1989 Philippine Statistical Yearbook, Manila, 1989, Table 15.2.

Table 6. Distribution of Government Expenditures, Selected Years, 1965-89

(in percentages)
1965197219801985 1989
Economic services16.733.841.233.919.5
Social services
Education36.525.111.011.913.1
Other7.76.58.911.66.1
Total social services44.231.619.923.519.2
Defense16.715.712.57.79.1
General public services22.218.817.110.88.3
Debt-service fundn.a.n.a.9.324.143.9
TOTAL*100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

n.a.--not applicable.
*Figures may not add to total because of rounding.

Source: Based on information from Philippines, National Economic and Development Authority, 1989 Philippine Statistical Yearbook, Manila, 1989, Table 15.3; and Philippines, National Economic and Development Authority, 1981 Philippine Statistical Yearbook, Manila, 1981, Table 16.5.

Table 7. Annual Rate of Growth of Money Supply and Rate of Inflation, 1950-90

(in percentages)
YearMoney Supply Growth RateInflation Rate
1950-604.40.8
1960-709.95.4
1970-7516.816.1
1975-8017.011.7
19814.413.1
1982-0.110.3
198338.310.0
19843.550.3
19856.523.1
198619.10.8
198722.13.8
198814.68.8
198931.510.6
1990n.a.12.7

n.a.--not available.

Source: Based on information from Philippines, National Economic and Development Authority, 1989 Philippine Statistical Yearbook, Manila, 1989, Tables 2.11 and 16.1; "Central Bank Chief Outlines Goals for 1991," Business World [Manila], February 1, 1991, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, Daily Report: East Asia, February 8, 1991, 54; and Central Bank of the Philippines, 1989 Annual Report, Manila, 1990, 34.

Table 8. Value Added in Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing by Sector, Selected Years, 1970- 90

(in percentages)
Sector197019751980198 5198819891990
Agricultural crops55.162.558.860.856.257.356.2
Livestock
Poultry3.83.95.99.110.09.910.6
Other11.38.26.26.27.37.78.4
Total livestock15.112.112.115.317.317.619.0
Forestry13.98.510.96.76.95.45.2
Fishing15.816.818.117.219.619.619.5
TOTAL*100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

*Figures may not add to total because of rounding.

Source: Based on information from Philippines, National Economic and Development Authority, 1981 Philippine Statistical Yearbook Manila, 1981, Table 3.16; Philippines, National Economic and Development Authority, 1989 Philippine Statistical Yearbook, Manila, 1989, Table 3.13; and Philippines, National Statistical Coordination Board, The National Accounts of the Philippines: CY1988 to CY1990, Manila, n.d., Table 26.

Table 9. Rates of Growth of Value Added in Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing by Sector, 1970- 90*

(in percentages)
Sector1970-751975-801980- 851985-90
Agricultural crops
Palay (unhusked rice)3.74.42.30.6
Corn6.53.33.34.5
Coconut and copra7.82.91.62.0
Sugarcane6.6- 0.5-8.90.3
Bananas11.115.62.4- 2.7
All agricultural crops7.75.71.90.5
Livestock-0.71.62.88.5
Poultry7.113.69.57.3
Forestry-8.61.9-12.6- 3.4
Fishing4.33.92.73.9
AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY, AND FISHING4.55.22.12.4

*At 1972 prices.

Source: Based on information from Philippines, National Economic and Development Authority, 1981 Philippine Statistical Yearbook, Manila, 1981, Table 3.16; Philippines, National Economic and Development Authority, 1989 Philippine Statistical Yearbook, Manila, 1989, Table 3.13; and Philippines, National Statistical Coordination Board, The National Accounts of the Philippines: CY1988 to CY1990, Manila, n.d., Table 26.

Table 10. Structure of Manufacturing Sector, 1970, 1980, and 1987

(in percentages)
Major Group197019801987
Food products24.422.323.6
Beverages5.32.76.7
Tobacco5.63.25.3
Textiles7.07.25.2
Footwear and wearing apparel1.82.93.3
Wood and cork4.24.02.6
Furniture and fixtures0.41.00.7
Paper3.22.92.5
Printing1.91.51.2
Leather0.20.20.1
Rubber2.51.61.5
Chemicals13.711.511.0
Petroleum8.715.915.1
Nonmetallic minerals2.91.02.7
Basic metals5.73.97.7
Metal products3.22.51.5
Machinery (except electrical)0.71.30.8
Electrical machinery3.34.06.4
Transport equipment4.04.61.5
Other1.60.80.5
TOTAL100.01100.02100.01

1Figures may not add to total because of rounding.
2Sum of entries in source is 95 percent.

Source: Based on information from Philippines, National Economic and Development Authority, 1989 Philippine Statistical Yearbook, Manila, 1989, Table 6.4.

Table 11. Production, Exports, and Reserves of Major Minerals, 1985, 1987, and 1988

(in thousands of tons)
MineralProduction 1985Production 1988Exports 1987Reserves 1987
Cement3,080.04,300.038.66,507,569
Clay381.4418.3---1,121,163
Coal1,257.91,330.0---369,000
Chromium272.0190.0105.756,848
Copper222.2218.1362.03,881,255
Gold0.0330.0330.004101,557
Nickel28.210.8483.41,566,101
Pyrite232.5300.00.054 988,482
Petroleum, crude*3,285.02,170.0---16,300

--- means negligible.
*In thousands of barrels.

Source: Based on information from United States, Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, Mineral Yearbook, Washington, 1990, 446-50; Philippines, National Economic and Development Authority, 1989 Philippine Statistical Yearbook, Manila, 1989, Table 4.14; and Edith Hodgkinson, The Philippines to 1993, London, 1988, 74.

Table 12. Income Distribution by Decile, Selected Years, 1961-88

(in percentages)
Decile196119711985198 8
Top decile41.037.136.435.7
Second decile15.516.915.716.1
Third to sixth deciles31.434.333.634.0
Seventh to tenth deciles12.111.714.314.3
TOTAL100.0100.0100.0100.0

*Figures may not add to total because of rounding.

Source: Based on information from Philippines, National Economic and Development Authority, 1989 Philippine Statistical Yearbook, Manila, 1989, Table 2.8.

Table 13. Balance of Payments, 1985- 89

(in millions of United States dollars)
1985198619871988 1989
Exports4,6294,8425,7207,0747,821
Imports-5,111- 5,044-6,737- 8,159-10,419
Trade balance-482-202-1,017- 1,085-2,598
Invisibles and private transfers4471,1565736951,133
Current account balance-35954-444- 390-1,465
Direct investment and other long-term capital3,0941,2496016051,449
Short-term capital-2,741-1,069-246- 34-72
Capital account balance3531803555711,377
Net errors and omissions65932-209480389
Gold monetization, SDRs,* and valuation change*160209202339161
Exceptional financing-1,1000000
Changes in reserves-37-1,37596- 1,000-462

*SDRs--Special Drawing Rights, a monetary unit of the International Monetary Fund (see Glossary) based on a basket of the United States dollar, the German deutsche mark, the Japanese yen, the British pound sterling, and the French franc.

Source: Based on information from International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments Statistics, 41, Pt. 1, Washington, 1990, 536.

Table 14. Foreign Investment by Industry, 1970-88

(in millions of United States dollars)
IndustryValuePercentage
Financial institutions
Banks2247.7
Other1334.65
Total financial institutions35712.3
Manufacturing
Chemicals and chemical products39413.6
Food28910.1
Basic metal products1695.8
Textiles632.25
Transportation equipment1083.7
Petroleum and coal822.8
Metal products except machinery341.2
Other2628.9
Total manufacturing1,40148.3
Mining
Petroleum and gas69724.05
Other853.05
Total mining78227.0
Commerce1254.3
Services1294.5
Other1073.6
TOTAL2,901100.0

Source: Based on information from Central Bank of the Philippines, unpublished data.

Table 15. Foreign Investment by Country, 1970-88

(in millions of United States dollars)
CountryValuePercentage
United States1,64956.9
Japan39613.7
Hong Kong1906.5
Netherlands1314.5
United Kingdom1033.5
Other43214.9
TOTAL2,901100.0

Source: Based on information from Central Bank of the Philippines, unpublished data.

Table 16. External Debt, 1982- 90

YearOutstanding Debt1Debt Service1Ratio of Debt to GNP2Ratio of Debt Service to Exports3
198224.543.5062.542.5
198324.363.0271.536.3
198424.382.3077.233.4
198526.922.5783.532.0
198628.373.0494.134.5
198730.033.6187.838.5
198829.163.4874.831.5
198928.923.3865.226.3
199026.9742.3557.9n.a.

n.a.--not available. 1In billions of United States dollars.
2In percentages; GNP--gross national product.
3In percentages.
4As of June.

Table 17. Official Development Assistance by Source and Country, 1952-72 and 1978-88

(in millions of United States dollars)
Source and CountryGrantsLoansTotal
1952-72
Bilateral
United States*54150591
Japan87886
Other141125
Total bilateral563139702
Multilateral59343402
TOTAL6224821,104
1978-88
Bilateral
United States1,4393611,800
Japan4493,0703,519
Other4485901,038
Total bilateral2,3364,0216,357
Multilateral2926,4976,789
TOTAL2,62810,51813,146

*Includes US$48 million from the Asia, Ford, and Rockefeller foundations.

Source: Based on information from Mila Bulan, "A Study of Official Development Assistance to the Philippines FY 1952-72," Philippine Economic Journal [Manila], 8, No. 3, 267; Rigoberto Tiglao, "Manna for Manila," Far Eastern Economic Review [Hong Kong], 151, No. 10, March 7, 1991, 53; and Central Bank of the Philippines, unpublished data.

Table 18. Official Development Assistance by Source and Type, Selected Years, 1952-90

(in millions of United States dollars)
Source
YearBilateralMultilateralGrants LoansTotal
1952-612382822838266
1962-72464374394444838
1978-853,0604,9301,1696,8217,990
19881,3859554161,9242,340
19891,4451,3897452,0892,834
19901,3601,3344442,2502,694

Source: Based on information from Mila Bulan, "A Study of Official Development Assistance to the Philippines FY 1952-72," Philippine Economic Journal [Manila], 8, No. 3, 267; Rigoberto Tiglao, "Manna for Manila," Far Eastern Economic Review [Hong Kong], 151, No. 10, March 7, 1991, 53; and Central Bank of the Philippines, unpublished data.

Table 19. Major Army Equipment, 1990

Type and DescriptionCountry of OriginIn Inventory
Tanks
Scorpion (light) with 76mm gunBritain41
Armored personnel carriers
M-113United States100
ChaimitePortugal20
V-150 CommandoUnited States165
Armored infantry fighting vehicles (AIFV)-do-85
Howitzers
105mm M-101 towedUnited Statesn.a.
105mm M-102-do-n.a.
105mm M-26Spainn.a.
105mm M-56 packItalyn.a.
Total 105mm230
155mm M-68 towedIsraeln.a.
155mm M-114United Statesn.a.
Total 155mm12
Mortars
81mm M-29-do-n.a.
107mm M-30-do-40
Recoilless launchers
75mm M-20-do-n.a.
90mm M-67-do-n.a.
106mm M-40A1-do-n.a.

n.a.--not available.

Source: Based on information from The Military Balance, 1990- 1991, London, 1990, 174-75; Jane's Infantry Weapons, 1990-91, London, 1990; and Jane's Armour and Artillery, 1990-91, London, 1990.

Table 20. Major Naval Equipment, 1990

Type and DescriptionCountry of OriginIn Inventory
Navy
Frigates
Cannon classUnited States1
Casco class-do-2
Corvettes
Auk class-do-2
PCE-827 class-do-7
Admirable class-do-2
Patrol craft
PC-461 class-do-2
Kagitingan classGermany4
PGM-39/71 classUnited States4
Patrol craft-fast (PCF)Various411
Amphibious ships and craft
Landing ship, tank (LST-511 class)United States11
Landing ship, medium (LSM)-do- 2
Landing craft, utility (LCU)-do- 9
Landing craft, medium (LCM)-do- 60
Landing craft, vehicle and personnel (LCVP)-do-6
Naval Aviation
Pilatus Britten-Norman BN-2B Islander (patrol and search and rescue)Britain12
MBB BO-105C utility helicopters (search and rescue)2Philippines10
Marines
Armored vehicles
Armored personnel carrier, V-150United States18
Armored personnel carrier, LAV-253- do-36
Landing vehicle, LVTP-5-do-18
Landing vehicle, LVTH-6 (105mm howitzer)-do-20
Landing vehicle, LVTP-7-do-55
Artillery
M-101 105mm, towed-do-150
Mortars
M-30 107mm-do-n.a.
M-29 81mm-do-n.a.

n.a.--not available.
1Thirty-five on order.
2Produced under license agreement with Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blom, Germany.
3The marines were scheduled to acquire thirty-six additional LAV- 25s and as many as thirty LVTP-7s.

Source: Based on information from The Military Balance, 1990- 1991, London, 1990, 174-75; "The Modernisation of the Philippine Navy," International Defence Review, 23, January 1990, 88; and Jane's Fighting Ships, 1990-91, London, 1990.

Table 21. Major Air Force Equipment, 1990

Type and DescriptionCountry of OriginIn Inventory
Fighter aircraft
Northrop F-5A Freedom FighterUnited States71
Counterinsurgency aircraft
North American T-28D Trojan-do- 8
Search and rescue reconnaissance aircraft
Fokker F-27M Friendship/MaritimeNetherlands2
Lockheed RT-33A Shooting StarUnited States3
Grumman HU-16B Albatross-do- 4
Transport and utility aircraft
Lockheed C-130H Hercules-do- 3
Lockheed L-100-20 Hercules-do- 3
Fokker F-27 Friendship 1Netherlands8
Fokker F-28 Fellowship 1-do-1
Douglas C-47United States3
N-22B NomadAustralia9
Britten-Norman BN-2 IslanderBritain10
Cessna 180United States6
Cessna 210-do-2
Cessna 310-do-1
DHC-2Canada5
U-17A/Bn.a.15
Trainer aircraft
Northrop F-5B Freedom FighterUnited States2
Lockheed T/RT-33A Shooting Star-do-8
Cessna T-41D Mescalero-do-20
SIAI-Marchetti SF-26OMP/WPItaly23
SIAI-Marchetti S-211-do-4
Helicopters
Bell UH-1H/M Iroquois (counterinsurgency)United States55
Bell UH-1H Iroquois (transport)-do- 17
Bell 205-do-15
Sikorsky AUH-76 (S-76 attack version)-do-16
McDonnell Douglas MD-520 (attack)- do-2
Sikorsky S-70A-do-2
Bell 212-do-1
PADC MBB BO-105C (search and rescue)2Philippines10
SA-330 PumalFrance32
Air-to-air missiles
AIM-9B SidewinderUnited Statesn.a.
n.a.--not available.

1Assigned to presidential airlift wing.
2Produced under license from Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blom, Germany.
3Principally built in France, but also produced in Romania and Indonesia.

Source: Based on information from The Military Balance, 1990- 1991, London, 174-75; and Jane's All the World's Aircraft, 1989-90, London, 1989.