Appendix A. Tables

Table 2. Population Growth, Selected Years, 1951-93


Year	Population¹ (in millions)	Average Annual Growth Rate
1951	33.7	n.a.²
1961	42.9	2.3
1971	65.2	3.7
1981	84.2	3.1
1987	100.7	3.1
1992	118.0	3.1
1993	123.4	3.1

¹ Estimated.
² n.a.--not available.

Source: Based on information from Pakistan, Planning Commission, Seventh Five-Year Plan: 1988-93, and Perspective Plan, 1988- 2003, Islamabad, 1988; and World Bank, World Development Report, 1992, New York, 1992, 268.

Table 3. Gross Domestic Product by Sector, Selected Fiscal Years, 1982-93

**(in percentages at current factor cost)**
Sector	1982	1987	1992¹	1993¹
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing	31.6	26.3	25.6	25.0
Mining and quarrying	0.4	0.7	0.7	0.7
Manufacturing	15.1	16.7	17.5	17.3
Utilities	2.2	2.3	3.3	3.7
Construction	4.5	4.4	4.2	4.2
Wholesale and retail trade	15.1	15.7	17.0	16.1
Transportation and communications	9.4	8.7	8.4	10.3
Banking and insurance	2.5	3.2	3.1	2.9
Ownership of dwellings	4.5	4.9	4.4	4.4
Public administration and defense	7.3	9.9	8.4	7.8
Other services	7.3	7.4	7.5	7.6
TOTAL²	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0

¹ Provisional.
² Figures may not add to totals because of rounding.

Source: Based on information from Economist Intelligence Unit, Country Profile: Pakistan, Afghanistan, 1993-94, London, 1993, 21; and Pakistan, Federal Bureau of Statistics, Pakistan Statistical Yearbook, 1991, Karachi, 1991, 473-74.

Table 4. Government Budget, Fiscal Years 1990-93

**¹ (in billions of rupees)²**
	1990	1991	1992³	1993⁴
Revenues
Tax revenues
Income and corporation tax	14.3	19.1	25.9	31.3
Property taxes	1.4	1.7	2.1	3.9
Excise duties	23.3	25.0	32.3	44.3
Sales tax	15.6	16.9	21.5	26.9
Taxes on international trade	50.7	50.5	62.5	71.4
Other	14.1	16.4	22.8	26.0
Total tax revenues	119.4	129.6	167.2	203.8
Nontax revenues	39.4	34.2	55.5	58.0
Total revenues	158.8	163.9	222.6	261.9
(Of which, provincial revenues)	6.6	7.1	15.7	18.9
Expenditures
Current expenditures
Defense	58.7	64.6	75.8	82.2
Interest on debt	46.7	50.0	63.6	75.5
Subsidies	9.0	10.7	10.1	7.3
Other	51.1	70.3	82.9	92.3
Total current expenditures	165.6	195.7	232.4	257.3
Development expenditures	56.1	65.3	83.2	72.3
Total expenditures	221.6	261.0	315.6	329.7
Income from autonomous agencies	6.8	7.9	14.3	3.2
Budget deficit	56.1	89.2	78.7	64.6
Deficit financed by
External (net)	22.9	22.1	21.8	17.1
Domestic nonbank	29.6	23.7	-0.6	26.2
Domestic banks	3.5	43.4	57.5	21.3

¹ Includes federal aid provincial governments. Figures may not add to totals because of rounding.
² For value of the rupee--see Glossary.
³ Provisional.
⁴ Proposed.

Source: Based on information from Pakistan, Ministry of Finance, Economic Survey Statistical Supplement, 1991-92, Islamabad, 1992, 162-64.

Table 5. Balance of Trade, Selected Fiscal Years,1980-92

**(in billions of rupees)¹**
Year	Exports	Imports	Balance
1980	23.4	46.9	-23.5
1985	38.0	89.8	-51.8
1990	106.5	148.9	-42.4
1991	138.3	171.1	-32.8
1992²	171.7	229.9	-58.2

¹ For value of the rupee--see Glossary.
² Provisional.

Source: Based on information from Pakistan, Ministry of Finance, Economic Survey Statistical Supplement, 1991-92, Islamabad, 1992, 190.

Table 6. Composition of Imports, Fiscal Years 1989-92

**(in millions of rupees)¹**
Commodity	1989	1990	1991	1992²
Chemical	13,046	15,259	15,448	21,997
Drugs and medicines	3,318	3,723	4,408	5,184
Dyes and colors	1,419	1,868	2,136	2,945
Chemical fertilizers	3,534	4,437	5,911	6,367
Electrical goods	4,962	4,259	4,929	7,469
Nonelectrical machinery	26,597	25,438	30,195	54,527
Transportation equipment	8,403	10,119	11,443	20,638
Paper products	2,734	2,876	3,216	4,027
Iron and steel	7,131	6,993	7,100	10,236
Nonferrous metals	2,018	2,594	2,110	2,784
Oil and oil products	18,509	24,937	37,823	34,406
Edible oils	8,576	8,262	9,020	10,025
Grains, pulses, and flour	8,598	9,241	3,855	9,979
Other	26,996	28,847	38,449	39,305
TOTAL	135,841	148,853	176,043	229,889

¹ For value of the rupee--see Glossary.
² Provisional.

Source: Based on information from Pakistan, Ministry of Finance, Economic Survey Statistical Supplement, 1991- 92, Islamabad, 1992, 203.

Table 7. Composition of Exports, Fiscal Years 1989-92

**(in millions of rupees)¹**
Commodity	1989	1990	1991	1992²
Fish products	2,096	2,024	2,575	2,852
Rice	5,967	5,144	7,848	10,340
Raw cotton	18,032	9,550	9,553	12,944
Cotton waste	240	597	1,255	1,482
Cotton yarn	11,645	17,917	26,675	29,170
Cotton cloth	8,947	12,000	15,199	20,372
Leather	4,702	6,002	6,184	5,991
Oil and oil products	352	235	2,228	2,048
Synthetic textiles	2,240	4,556	7,807	10,430
Footwear	365	504	724	997
Readymade garments	9,692	14,341	18,666	25,823
Surgical instruments	1,221	1,502	1,901	2,253
Carpets	4,451	4,923	5,003	5,709
Sporting goods	1,369	2,311	3,099	3,515
Other	18,864	24,863	30,792	37,829
TOTAL	90,183	106,469	139,509	171,755

¹ For value of the rupee--see Glossary.
² Provisional.

Source: Based on information from Pakistan, Ministry of Finance, Economic Survey Statistical Supplement, 1991-92, Islamabad, 1992, 194-97.

Table 8. Balance of Payments, Fiscal Years, 1988-92

**(in millions of United States dollars at current prices)**
	1988	1989	1990	1991	1992¹
Exports	4,362	4,634	4,926	5,902	6,884
Imports	-6,919	- 7,207	-7,411	-8,385	-9,095
Invisibles (net)	875	639	594	312	-325
Current account balance	-1,682	-1,934	-1,891	- 2,171	-2,536
Private capital (net)	330	328	473	506	1,730
Public capital (net)	1,242	1,659	1,840	1,737	929
Capital account balance	1,572	1,987	2,313	2,243	2,659
Errors and omissions (net)	-30	-42	-45	- 66	74
Change in reserves (minus sign indicates increase)	140	-11	- 377	-6	-197

¹ Provisional.

Source: Based on information from Pakistan, Ministry of Finance, Economic Survey Statistical Supplement, 1991-92 Islamabad, 1992, 189.

Table 9. Estimated Labor Force by Sector, Fiscal Years 1981, 1991, and 1992

**(in thousands)**
Sector	1981	1991	1992
Agriculture	13,010	16,260	16,670
Mining and manufacturing	3,480	4,080	4,210
Construction	1,200	2,030	2,090
Electric power and gas	230	190	190
Transportation and communications	1,150	1,550	1,600
Trade	2,840	3,790	3,900
Other services	2,790	3,880	4,010
Other	950	1,030	1,150
TOTAL	25,650	32,810	33,820

Source: Based on information form Pakistan, Ministry of Finance, Economic Survey Statistical Supplement, 1991-92, Islamabad, 1992, 30.

Table 10. Area of Major Crops, Selected Fiscal Years, 1961- 92

**(in thousands of hectares)**
Crop	1961	1981	1991	1992¹
Wheat	4,639	6,984	7,911	7,823
Rice	1,181	1,933	2,113	2,097
Corn	480	769	845	847
Chickpeas	1,106	843	1,092	1,021
Sugarcane	388	825	884	880
Cotton	1,293	2,108	2,662	2,836

¹ Provisional.

Source: Based on information from Pakistan, Ministry of Finance, Economic Survey Statistical Supplement, 1991-92, Islamabad, 1992, 63.

Table 11. Production of Major Crops, Selected Fiscal Years, 1961-92

**(in thousands of tons)**
Crop	1961	1981	1991	1992¹
Wheat	3,814	11,475	14,565	14,694
Rice	1,030	3,123	3,261	3,243
Corn	439	970	1,185	1,204
Chickpeas	610	337	531	499
Sugarcane	11,641	32,359	35,989	35,658
Cotton	301	715	1,637	2,181

¹ Provisional.

Source: Based on information from Pakistan, Ministry of Finance, Economic Survey Statistical Supplement, 1991-92, Islamabad, 1992, 64.

Table 12. Average Growth Rate of Selected Industrial Products, Fiscal Years 1988-92

**(in percentage change from previous year)**
Product	1988	1989	1990	1991	1992¹
Cotton yarn	16.83	10.64	20.28	14.22	11.30
Cotton cloth	18.30	-4.18	9.26	- 0.65	5.60
Jute goods	-1.85	-6.82	-7.80	3.24	3.64
Vegetable ghee	14.45	28.55	7.37	3.85	10.71
Cigarettes	1.92	- 22.43	2.26	-0.70	-4.98
Fertilizers	-2.42	2.52	3.72	-2.70	-5.28
Cement	8.67	0.75	5.09	4.63	6.90
Soda ash	2.92	7.61	3.60	5.55	24.02
Caustic soda	11.66	8.48	11.28	6.08	4.33

¹ Provisional.

Source: Based on information form Pakistan, Ministry of Finance, Economic Survey Statistical Supplement, 1991-92, Islamabad, 1992, 107.

Table 13. Heads of State and Government, 1947-94


Leader	Position¹	Term of Office²
Mohammad Ali Jinnah	Governor General	August 1947-September 1948
Liaquat Ali Khan	Prime Minister	August 1947-October 1951
Khwaja Nazimuddin	Governor General	September 1948-October 1951
Ghulam Mohammad	Governor General	October 1951-August 1955
Khwaja Nazimuddin	Prime Minister	October 1951-April 1953
Mohammad Ali Bogra	Prime Minister	April 1953-August 1955
Iskander Mirza	Governor General/President	August 1955-October 1958
Chaudhuri Mohammad Ali	Prime Minister	August 1955-September 1956
H.S. Suhrawardy	Prime Minister	September 1956-October 1957
I.I. Chundrigar	Prime Minister	October-December 1957
Firoz Khan Noon	Prime Minister	December 1957-October 1958
Mohammad Ayub Khan	CMLA/President	October 1958-March 1969
Agha Mohammad Yahya Khan	CMLA/President	March 1969-December 1971
Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto	CMLA/President/Prime Minister	December 1971-July 1977
Fazal Elahi Chaudhry	President	August 1973-September 1978
Mohammad Zia ul-Haq	CMLA/President	July 1977-August 1988
Mohammad Khan Junejo	Prime Minister	March 1985-May 1988
Ghulam Ishaq Khan	President	August 1988-July 1993
Benazir Bhutto	Prime Minister	December 1988-August 1990
Ghulam Mustapha Jatoi	Prime Minister (caretaker)	August-November 1990
Mian Nawaz Sharif	Prime Minister	November 1990-April 1993
Balakh Sher Mazari	Prime Minister (caretaker)	April-May 1993
Mian Nawaz Sharif	Prime Minister	May-July 1993
Wassim Sajjad	President (caretaker)	July-November 1993
Moeen Qureshi	Prime Minister (caretaker)	July-October 1993
Benazir Bhutto	Prime Minister	October 1993-
Farooq Leghari	President	November 1993-

¹ CMLA--Chief Martial Law Administrator.
² When a head of state or government held more than one position,not all offices were for exactly the same term. Dates shown are for the longest period a leader was in power. The name of the head of State was changed from governor general to president under the 1956 constitution.

Table 14. Order of Battle and Major Equipment of Ground Forces, 1994


		Organization or Equipment
Personnel	520,000
Military units	9	Corps headquarters
	1	Area command (division)
	2	Armored divisions
	19	Infantry divisions
	7	Independent armored brigades
	9	Independent infantry brigades
	9	Corps artillery brigades (2 more forming)
	1	Air defense command (3 air defense groups; 8 brigades)
	7	Engineering brigades
	3	Armed reconnaissance regiments
	1	Special forces group (3 battalions)
	7	Aircraft squadrons
	8	Helicopter squadrons
	1	Independent observation flight
Equipment	1,950+	Tanks
	820	Armored personnel carriers
	1,566	Towed artillery
	240	Self- propelled artillery
	45	Multiple rocket launchers
	725	Mortars
	18	Surface-to- surface missiles
	800	Antitank guided weapons
	850	Surface-to- air missiles

Source: Based on information from The Military Balance, 1994- 1995, London, 1994, 159-61.

Table 15. Order of Battle and Major Equipment of Naval Forces, 1994


		Organization or Equipment
Personnel	22,000¹
Military units	4	Commands including one fleet headquarters
Equipment	6	Submarines
	3	Destroyers
	10	Frigates
	13	Patrol and coastal combatant craft
	4	Inshore craft
	3	Mine warfare craft
	3	Support and miscellaneous
	4	SA-316B (antisubmarine warfare) helicopters
	6	Sea King Mk 45 (antisubmarine warfare) helicopters
	6	Lynx HAS MK-3 (antisubmarine warfare) helicopters
	4	Atlantic aircraft (operated by air force)

¹ Includes Naval Air Arm and Maritime Security Agency.

Source: Based on information from The Military Balance, 1994-1995, London, 1994, 159-61.

Table 16. Order of Battle and Major Equipment of Air Force, 1994


		Organization or Equipment
Personnel	45,000
Military units	7	Fighter/ground attack squadrons
	10	Fighter squadrons
	1	Reconnaissance squadron
	12	Transport squadrons
	1	Helicopter search-and-rescue squadron
	1	Helicopter transport squadron
	7	Air defense surface-to-air batteries
	1	Antisubmarine warfare/maritime reconnaissance squadron
Equipment
Fighter/ground attack aircraft	100	J-6/JJ-6
	34	F-16
	80	J-7
	50	Q-5
	30	Mirage III-O
	15	Mirage III-EP
	3	Mirage III-DP
	58	Mirage-5
Transports	12	C-130
	1	L-12
	3	Boeing 707
	3	Falcon 20
	2	F-27-200
	2	Beech
Search and Rescue	6	SA-319
Reconnaissance	12	Combat-capable Mirage III RP
Helicopters (transport)	12	SA-316
	4	SA-321
	12	SA-315 B Lama
Training	12	CJ-6
	30	JJ-5
	24	Mashshaq
	6	MiG-15UTI
	10	T-33A
	44	T-37B/C

Source: Based on information from The Military Balance, 1994- 1995, London, 1994, 159-61.