SUDAN - A Country Study

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• Sudan
• FOREWORD
• ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
• PREFACE
• COUNTRY PROFILE
  • Country
  • GEOGRAPHY
  • SOCIETY
  • ECONOMY
  • TRANSPORTATION
  • GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS
  • NATIONAL SECURITY
• INTRODUCTION
• Chapter 1. Historical Setting
  • EARLY HISTORY
    • Cush
    • Meroe
    • Christian Nubia
  • THE COMING OF ISLAM
    • The Arabs
    • The Decline of Christian Nubia
    • The Rule of the Kashif
    • The Funj
    • The Fur
  • THE TURKIYAH, 1821-85
  • THE MAHDIYAH, 1884-98
    • The Khalifa
    • Reconquest of Sudan
  • THE ANGLO-EGYPTIAN CONDOMINIUM, 1899-1955
    • Britain's Southern Policy
    • Rise of Sudanese Nationalism
    • The Road to Independence
    • The South and the Unity of Sudan
  • INDEPENDENT SUDAN
    • The Politics of Independence
    • The Abbud Military Government, 1958-64
    • Return to Civilian Rule, 1964-69
  • THE NIMEIRI ERA, 1969-85
    • Revolutionary Command Council
    • The Southern Problem
    • Political Developments
    • National Reconciliation
  • THE TRANSITIONAL MILITARY COUNCIL
  • SADIQ AL MAHDI AND COALITION GOVERNMENTS
• Chapter 2. The Society and its Environment
  • PHYSICAL SETTING
    • Geographical Regions
    • Soils
    • Hydrology
    • Climate
  • POPULATION
  • ETHNICITY
    • Language
    • Ethnic Groups
      • The Muslim Peoples
      • Non-Muslim Peoples
      • Migration
      • Regionalism and Ethnicity
  • THE SOCIAL ORDER
    • Northern Arabized Communities
    • Southern Communities
    • Urban and National Elites
    • Women and the Family
  • RELIGIOUS LIFE
    • Islam: Tenets and Practice
    • Islamic Movements and Religious Orders
    • Christianity
    • Indigenous Religions
  • EDUCATION
    • Girls' Education
    • Education Reform
  • HEALTH
• Chapter 3. The Economy
  • ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
  • FOREIGN AID
  • PRICES, EMPLOYMENT, WAGES, AND UNIONS
    • Prices
    • Employment
    • Wages
    • Unions
  • AGRICULTURE, LIVESTOCK, FISHERIES, AND FORESTRY
    • Land Use
    • Land Tenure
    • Irrigated Agriculture
    • Rainfed Agriculture
    • Livestock
    • Fisheries
    • Forestry
  • MANUFACTURING
  • MINING
  • ENERGY SOURCES AND SUPPLY
    • Electric Power
    • Petroleum Use and Domestic Resources
  • TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATIONS
    • Railroads
    • Roads
    • Inland Waterways
    • Civil Aviation
    • Marine Ports and Shipping
    • Pipelines
    • Communications
  • FINANCE
    • Banking
    • Islamic Banking
  • FOREIGN TRADE AND BALANCE OF PAYMENTS
    • Foreign Trade
    • Balance of Payments
• Chapter 4. Government and Politics
  • INSTITUTIONS OF GOVERNMENT
    • The Revolutionary Command Council for National Salvation
    • The Presidency
    • The Council of Ministers
    • Parliamentary Government
    • Constitutional Development
    • Regional and Local Administration
  • THE LEGAL SYSTEM
    • The Courts
    • Human Rights
  • SOUTHERN AND WESTERN SUDAN
    • Southern Sudan
    • Western Sudan
  • POLITICAL GROUPS
    • Umma Party
    • Democratic Unionist Party
    • The Muslim Brotherhood
    • The Republican Brothers
    • Secular Political Parties
    • Sudanese People's Liberation Movement
  • INFORMATION MEDIA
    • Newspapers
    • Radio and Television
  • FOREIGN RELATIONS
    • Egypt
    • Libya
    • Chad
    • Relations with Other African States
    • Relations with Other Arab States
    • United States
    • Relations with Other Countries
• Chapter 5. National Security
  • THE MILITARY IN NATIONAL LIFE
    • Development of the Armed Forces
    • Role in Government
    • The Armed Forces in Sudanese Society
  • EXTERNAL SECURITY CONCERNS
  • CIVIL WARFARE IN THE SOUTH
    • First Civil War, 1955-72
    • Renewed Civil Warfare, 1983-
  • THE SUDANESE PEOPLE'S ARMED FORCES
    • Army
    • Air Force
    • Air Defense Command
    • Navy
    • Personnel
    • Training
    • Uniforms, Ranks, and Insignia
    • Defense Costs
  • PARAMILITARY GROUPS
  • FOREIGN MILITARY ASSISTANCE
  • THE SUDANESE PEOPLE'S LIBERATION ARMY
  • STATE OF INTERNAL SECURITY
  • INTERNAL SECURITY AGENCIES
    • The Sudan Police Force
    • Security Organizations
  • THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM
    • Incidence of Crime
    • The Prison System
• Appendix. Tables
• Bibliography
• Glossary