Bibliography -- Soviet Union


Chapter 1

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Wortman, Richard. The Development of a Russian Legal
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Chapter 2

Antonov-Ovseyenko, Anton. The Time of Stalin. New York:
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Bialer, Seweryn. Stalin's Successors: Leadership, Stability,
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Bradley, J.F.N. Civil War in Russia, 1917-1920. London:
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Brown, Archie, and Michael Kaser (eds.). The Soviet Union
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Burant, Stephen R. "The Influence of Russian Tradition on the
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Burdzhalov, E.N. Russia's Second Revolution: The February
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Chamberlin, William H. The Russian Revolution, 1917-
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Cohen, Stephen F. Rethinking the Soviet Experience: Politics
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Fitzpatrick, Sheila. The Russian Revolution. New York:
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Florinsky, Michael T. The End of the Russian Empire. New
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Gelman, Harry. The Brezhnev Politburo and the Decline of
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Chapter 3

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Cole, J.P. Geography of the Soviet Union. Cambridge:
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Chapter 4

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Akiner, Shirin. Islamic Peoples of the Soviet Union. (2d
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Alexiev, Alexander R. Dissent and Nationalism in the Soviet
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Alexiev, Alexander R., and S. Enders Wimbush. The Ethnic
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Allworth, Edward (ed.). Nationality Group Survival in Multi-
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------. Tatars of the Crimea: Their Struggle for
     Survival. Durham: Duke University Press, 1988.

Altshuler, Mordechai. Soviet Jewry since the Second World
     War: Population and Social Structure. New York:
     Greenwood Press, 1987.

Altstadt, Audrey L. "Nagorno-Karabakh `Apple of Discord' in the
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Chapter 5

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     Soviet Conduct in the 1980s. Bloomington: Indiana
     University Press, 1983.

Mamonova, Tat'yana (ed.). Women and Russia. Boston:
     Beacon Press, 1984.

Matthews, Mervyn. "Aspects of Poverty in the Soviet Union." Pages
     43-63 in Horst Herlemann (ed.), Quality of Life in the
     Soviet Union. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1987.

------. Poverty in the Soviet Union: The Life-Styles of the
     Underprivileged in Recent Years. Cambridge: Cambridge
     University Press, 1986.

------. Privilege in the Soviet Union: A Study of Elite Life-
     Styles under Communism. London: Allen and Unwin, 1978.

Medish, Vadim. The Soviet Union. (3d ed.) Englewood
     Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1987.

Ordena SSSR. (Bol'shaia sovetskaia entsiklopediia.)
     Moscow: Sovetskaia entsiklopediia, 1973.

Pankhurst, Jerry G., and Michael Paul Sacks (eds.).
     Contemporary Soviet Society: Sociological
     Perspectives. New York: Praeger, 1980.

"Professional'nye soiuzy SSSR." Pages 17-18 in Ezhegodnik
     Bol'shoi sovetskoi entsiklopedii. Moscow: Sovetskaia
     entsiklopediia, 1984.

Remnick, David. "Soviet Editor Reveals Gorbachev's Pay and
     Perks," Washington Post, February 1, 1989, D1, D11.

Rimashevskaia, N., and A. Milovidov. "O sovershenstvovanii
     gosudarstvennoi pomoshchi sem'iam, imeiushchim detei,"
     Planovoe khoziaistvo, No. 1, January 1988, 82-85.

Sacks, Michael Paul. "The Place of Women." Pages 227-50 in Jerry
     G. Pankhurst and Michael Paul Sacks (eds.), Contemporary
     Soviet Society: Sociological Perspectives. New York:
     Praeger, 1980.

Sheehy, Ann. "Opposition to Family Planning in Uzbekistan and
     Tadzhikistan," Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, Radio
     Liberty Research Bulletin [Munich], April 5, 1988, 1-7.

Smith, Gordon B. Soviet Politics: Continuity and
     Contradiction. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1988.

"Table of Ranks." Pages 152-55 in Joseph L. Wieczynski (ed.), 
     The Modern Encyclopedia of Russian and Soviet
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     Press, 1984.

Thaden, Edward C. Russia since 1801: The Making of a New
     Society. New York: Wiley Interscience, 1971.

Thompson, Terry L., and Richard Sheldon (eds.). Soviet
     Society and Culture: Essays in Honor of Vera Dunham.
     Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1988.

Trehub, Aaron. "Children in the Soviet Union," Radio Free Europe/
     Radio Liberty, Radio Liberty Research Bulletin
     [Munich], December 23, 1987, 1-9.

Tsentral'noe statisticheskoe upravlenie. Chislennost' i
     sostav naseleniia SSSR: Po dannym Vsesoiuznoi perepisi
     naseleniia 1979 goda. Moscow: Finansy i statistika,
     1984.

------. SSSR v tsifrakh v 1986 godu: Kratkii statisticheskii
     sbornik. Moscow: Finansy i statistika, 1987.

Wieczynski Joseph L. (ed.). The Modern Encyclopedia of
     Russian and Soviet History. Gulf Breeze, Florida:
     Academic International Press, 1984.

Zaslavskaya, Tat'yana. "Socioeconomic Aspects of
     Perestroyka," Soviet Studies, 4, No. 3,
     October-December 1987, 313-31.

Chapter 6

Avis, George (ed.). The Making of the Soviet Citizen:
     Character Formation and Civic Training in Soviet
     Education. London: Croom Helm, 1987.

Balzer, Harley D. "Education, Science, and Technology." Pages
     245-57 in James Cracraft (ed.), The Soviet Union Today:
     An Interpretive Guide. Chicago: University of Chicago
     Press, 1988.

------. "Recent Soviet Education Reforms (Summary of Talk
     Presented October 19, 1986)," Meeting Report, Kennan
     Institute for Advanced Russian Studies, 1.

Barringer, Felicity. "Top Soviet Aide Calls for Change for the
     Schools," New York Times, February 18, 1988, A1,
     A6.

Bednyi, M.S. Sem'ia, zdorov'e i obshchestvo. Moscow:
     Mysl', 1986.

Bloch, Sidney, and Peter Reddaway. Soviet Psychiatric Abuse:
     The Shadow over World Psychiatry. London: Victor
     Gollancz, 1984.

"Bol'she voprosov, chem otvetov," Moskovskaia pravda
     [Moscow], July 17, 1987, 3.

Brine, Jenny, Maureen Perrie, and Andrew Sutton (eds.). Home,
     School and Leisure in the Soviet Union. London: Allen
     and Unwin, 1980.

Bronfenbrenner, Urie. Two Worlds of Childhood: U.S. and
     U.S.S.R. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1970.
 
"Colleges in Soviet Union Overhauled to Spur Gorbachev Changes,"
     New York Times, March 22, 1987, 18.

Cracraft, James (ed.). The Soviet Union Today: An
     Interpretive Guide. Chicago: University of Chicago
     Press, 1988.

Crisostomo, R. McDonald. Soviet Language Policy and Education
     in the Southern Tier, 1950 to 1982. Washington:
     Department of the Interior, Bureau of the Census, Center for
     International Research, 1984.

Davis, Christopher. The Medical and Pharmaceutical Sectors of
     the Soviet Economy. Washington: Wharton Econometric
     Forecasting Associates, 1984.

"Education, Science, and Culture in the USSR." Pages 189-94 in
     The Soviet Union. Moscow: Progress, 1986.

Feshbach, Murray. "Glasnost' and Health Issues in the USSR,"
     KIARS Meeting Report, October 5, 1987.

Field, Mark G. "Medical Care in the Soviet Union: Promises and
     Realities." Pages 65-82 in Horst Herlemann (ed.),
     Quality of Life in the Soviet Union. Boulder,
     Colorado: Westview Press, 1987.

------. "Soviet Infant Mortality," KIARS Meeting Report,
     October 9, 1987.

Fuller, Elizabeth. "Problems in Higher Education in Georgia,"
     Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, Radio Liberty Research
     Bulletin [Munich], October 20, 1987, 1-6.

------. "USSR Minister of Health Cites Data on Infant Mortality
     and Infectious Diseases in Two Transcaucasian Republics,"
     Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, Radio Liberty Research
     Bulletin [Munich], October 16, 1987, 1-5.

Golyakhovsky, Vladimir. Russian Doctor. (Trans., Michael
     Sylwester and Eugene Ostrovsky.) New York: St. Martin's
     Press, 1984.

Gosudarstvennyi komitet po statistike. Narodnoe khoziaistvo
     SSSR za 70 let. Moscow: Finansy i statistika, 1987.

"Health Care." Pages 174-75 in The Soviet Union.
     Washington: Congressional Quarterly, 1986.

"Health Care and Physical Education." Pages 194-99 in The
     Soviet Union. Moscow: Progress, 1986.

Hechinger, Fred M. "Education: Triumphs and Doubts." Pages 131-65
     in Harrison E. Salisbury (ed.), The Soviet Union: The
     Fifty Years. New York: Harcourt, Brace, and World,
     1967.

Herlemann, Horst (ed.). Quality of Life in the Soviet
     Union. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1987.

Holland, Barry. "Education: Reforming the Reforms," Soviet
     Analyst, 17, No. 5, 3-5.

Holmes, Brian. "Soviet Education: Travellers' Tales." Pages 30-56
     in J.J. Tomiak (ed.), Western Perspectives on Soviet
     Education in the 1980s. New York: St. Martin's Press,
     1986.

"Increased Smoking Among Population," Planovoe
     khoziaistvo [Moscow], No. 3, March 1988, 124.

Jacoby, Susan. Inside Soviet Schools. New York: Hill and
     Wang, 1974.

Keubart, Friedrich. "Aspects of Soviet Secondary Education:
     School Performance and Teacher Accountability." Pages 83-94
     in Horst Herlemann (ed.), Quality of Life in the Soviet
     Union. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1987.

"Khotim otkryt' shkolu na kooperativnykh nachalakh,"
     Literaturnaia gazeta [Moscow], July 15, 1987, 10.

Khvalynskaia, M.S. "Economic Geography of Higher Education in the
     USSR," Soviet Geography, 25, June 1984, 381-89.

------. "Some Aspects of the Spatial Organization of Higher
     Education in the USSR," Soviet Geography, 27,
     September 1986, 461-68.

Knaus, William A. Inside Russian Medicine: An American
     Doctor's First-Hand Report. New York: Everest House,
     1981.

Konovalev, Valerii. "Transmission of AIDS Is Made a Criminal
     Offense," Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, Radio Liberty
     Research Bulletin [Munich], September 21, 1987, 1-4.

Koriagina, T.I., and Iu. E. Sheviakhov. Obshchestvennye fondy
     potreblenniia, 3. (Novoe v zhizni, nauke, tekhnike.
     Seriia `Ekonomika', No. 3.) Moscow: Znanie, 1988.

"Krik boli," Literaturnaia gazeta [Moscow], October 14,
     1987, 12.

Lane, David. Soviet Economy and Society. New York: New
     York University Press, 1985.

"Lechenie? Ili--nakazanie?" Literaturnaia gazeta
     [Moscow], June 17, 1987, 2.

Lee, Gary. "Soviets Pass Strict Law to Stem Spread of AIDS,"
     Washington Post, August 26, 1987, 1.

Liegle, Ludwig. "Education in the Family and Family Policy in the
     Soviet Union." Pages 57-74 in J.J. Tomiak (ed.), Western
     Perspectives on Soviet Education in the 1980s. New
     York: St. Martin's Press, 1986.

Long, Delbert H. "Soviet Education and the Development of
     Communist Ethics." Pages 327-35 in Frank M. Sorrentino and
     Frances R. Curcio (eds.), Soviet Politics and
     Education. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of
     America, 1986.

McAuley, Alastair. Economic Welfare in the Soviet Union.
     Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1979.

Matthews, Mervyn. "Aspects of Poverty in the Soviet Union." Pages
     43-63 in Horst Herlemann (ed.), Quality of Life in the
     Soviet Union, Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1987.

------. Poverty in the Soviet Union: The Life-Styles of the
     Underprivileged in Recent Years. Cambridge: Cambridge
     University Press, 1986.

Medish, Vadim. The Soviet Union. (3d ed.) Englewood
     Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1987.

Morison, John. "Recent Development in Political Education in the
     Soviet Union." Pages 23-49 in George Avis (ed.), The
     Making of the Soviet Citizen: Character Formation and Civic
     Training in Soviet Education. London: Croom Helm, 1987.

Muller-Dietz, Heinz. "Die Diskussion um die Entwinklung des
     sowyetischen Gesundheitswesens," Osteuropa
     [Stuttgart], 1, January 1988, 35-44.

"My sebe ne proshchaem," Pravda [Moscow], August 17,
     1987, 3.

"Nastavnik pokolenia: Uchitel'--vazhneishee deistvuiushchee litso
     perestroiki," Pravda [Moscow], March 2, 1988, 1.

"Nastupat' na alkogol'," Pravda [Moscow], November 15,
     1987, 3.

"Ne mogu prostit'!" Literaturnaia gazeta [Moscow], June
     17, 1987, 12.

"Obrazovanie--nepreryvnoe," Literaturnaia gazeta
     [Moscow], December 2, 1987, 10.

"Odinochestvo," Literaturnaia gazeta [Moscow], November
     11, 1987, 12.

"O khode perestroiki srednei i vysshei shkoly i zadachakh partii
     po ee osushchestvleniiu," Pravda [Moscow], February
     18, 1988, 1-4.

"O studentakh, prepodavateliakh i ne tol'ko o nikh,"
     Ogonek [Moscow], No. 35, August 1987, 14-15.

"Otsenku daet patsient," Trud [Moscow], May 21, 1987, 2.

"Ozhidanie: Kak gotovitsia novyi zakon o pensiiakh,"
     Ogonek [Moscow], 7, No. 7, July 1989, 31-33.

"Perestroika dlia shkoly," Pravda [Moscow], January 2,
     1988, 2.

Petrovskiy, B.V. Novyi etap v razvitii narodnogo
     zdravookhraneniia SSSR. Moscow: Meditsina, 1981.

"Pochemu osechka," Pravda [Moscow], September 20, 1987,
     2.

"Pomogaiut mnogodetnym materiam," Sovetskaia rossiia
     [Moscow], October 26, 1987, 4.

"Pomoshch sem'e," Trud [Moscow], June 16, 1987, 2.

Popkewitz, Thomas S., and Robert B. Tabachnik. Themes in
     Current Soviet Curriculum Reform. Lanham, Maryland:
     University Press of America, 1986.

"Posle poludnia," Pravda [Moscow], July 21, 1987, 3.

Powell, David E. "A Troubled Society." Pages 349-63 in James
     Cracraft (ed.), The Soviet Union Today: An Interpretive
     Guide. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1988.

"Pregrady dlia SPIDa," Pravda [Moscow], June 29, 1987,
     4.

"Prophylaktisches AIDS-Zentrum in Moskau," Die Wirtschaft des
     Ostblocks [Moscow], No. 33, March 31, 1987, 3.

"Rebenok bez osmotra," Pravda [Moscow], August 10, 1987,
     4.

Reddaway, Peter. "Soviet Psychiatry: An End to Political Abuse?"
     Survey [London], 30, No. 130, October 1988, 25-38.

Redl, Helen B. (ed.). Soviet Educators on Soviet
     Education. London: Free Press of Glencoe Collier-
     MacMillan, 1964.

Remnick, David. "Painful Topic Confronts Soviets: Homelessness at
     Home," Washington Post, February 21, 1988, A1, 
     A24.

------. "Soviets Cancel History Tests over Texts,"
     Washington Post, June 11, 1988, A1, A21.

Ryan, Michael, and Richard Prentice. Social Trends in the
     Soviet Union from 1950 New York: St. Martin's Press,
     1987.

Salisbury, Harrison (ed.). The Soviet Union: The Fifty
     Years. New York: Hascourt, Brace, and World, 1967.

"Serdtse shkoly -- uchitel'," Pravda [Moscow], January
     20, 1988, 3.

"Seventy Years after Lenin," U.S. News and World Report,
     October 19, 1987, 30-55.

Sheehy, Ann. "Steps to Combat Infant Mortality in Central Asian
     Republics," Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, Radio
     Liberty Research Bulletin [Munich], July 14, 1987, 1-3.

"Shkola s uklonem v budushchee," Literaturnaia gazeta
     [Moscow], May 27, 1987, 10.

Shuval, Judith T. Newcomers and Colleagues: Soviet Immigrant
     Physicians in Israel. Houston: Cap and Gown Press,
     1983.

Soper, John. "Problems in the Kazakh Educational System," Radio
     Free Europe/Radio Liberty, Radio Liberty Research
     Bulletin [Munich], December 2, 1987, 1-4.

Sorrentino, Frank M., and Frances R. Curcio (eds.). Soviet 
     Politics and Education. Lanham, Maryland: University
     Press of America, 1986.

"Soviet Authorities Worry That Shortage of Syringes May Abet
     Spread of AIDS," Radio Free Europe/RAdio Liberty, Radio
     Free Europe Research [Munich], May 20, 1989, 1.

"Soviet Health Ministry Issues Brochure about AIDS," Radio Free
     Europe/Radio Liberty, Radio Liberty Research
     Bulletin [Munich], September 2, 1987, 2.

"SPID-Opasnosti real'nye i mnimye," Trud [Moscow], July
     6, 1987, 4.

"SPID-O pol'ze azbuchnykh istin," Literaturnaia gazeta
     [Moscow], September 16, 1987, 10.

"SPID-Zaslon smertnonosnoi `chume'," Literaturnaia
     gazeta [Moscow], September 2, 1987, 1.

Stepanov, V.K. Spetsializirovannye uchebno-lechebnye
     tsentry. Moscow: Stroizdat, 1987.

Sternheimer, Stephen. "The Vanishing Babushka: A
     Roleless Role for Older Soviet Women?" Pages 133-49 in Horst
     Herlemann (ed.), Quality of Life in the Soviet
     Union. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1987.

Tomiak, J.J. (ed.). Western Perspectives on Soviet Education
     in the 1980s. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1986.

"Tragediia, kotoroi moglo ne byt'," Nedeliia [Moscow],
     No. 27, July 4-10, 1988, 18.

Trehub, Aaron. "Children in the Soviet Union," Radio Free
     Europe/Radio Liberty, Radio Liberty Research
     Bulletin [Munich], December 15, 1987, 1-7.

------. "First Fee-for-Service Hospital in USSR to Open in
     Moscow," Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, Radio Liberty
     Research Bulletin [Munich], September 14, 1987, 1-3.

------. "More Glasnost' on Soviet Health Issues," Radio Free
     Europe/Radio Liberty, Radio Liberty Research
     Bulletin [Munich], October 12, 1987, 1-4.

------. "New Figures on Infant Mortality in the USSR," Radio Free
     Europe/Radio Liberty, Radio Liberty Research
     Bulletin [Munich], October 29, 1987, 1-3.

------. "Poverty in the Soviet Union," Radio Free Europe/Radio
     Liberty, Radio Liberty Research Bulletin [Munich],
     June 20, 1988, 1-7.

------. "Quality of Soviet Health Care under Attack," Radio Free
     Europe/Radio Liberty, Radio Liberty Research
     Bulletin [Munich], July 28, 1986, 1-7.

Treml, Vladimir. "Alcohol Abuse and the Quality of Life in the
     Soviet Union." Pages 151-61 in Horst Herlemann (ed.),
     Quality of Life in the Soviet Union. Boulder,
     Colorado: Westview Press, 1987.

"Tsifry i fakty," Pravda [Moscow], October 3, 1987, 3.

"Tsifry vmesto bol'nykh," Pravda [Moscow], September 2,
     1987, 3.

"Uchebniki novogo pokolenia: Kogda oni budut?," Pravda
     [Moscow], September 26, 1987, 3.

"Vnimanie deti v bede," Nedeliia [Moscow], No. 26, June
     27-July 3, 1988, 12.

Voronitsyn, Sergei. "The Less Well-off Sector and the Pending
     Price Reform," Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, Radio
     Liberty Research Bulletin [Munich], September 24, 1987,
     1-5.

------. "Restructuring of Higher Education: Plans and
     Contradictions," Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, Radio
     Liberty Research Bulletin [Munich], April 15, 1987, 1-
     4.

------. "Why Has the All-Union Congress of Teachers Been
     Postponed?" Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, Radio
     Liberty Research Bulletin [Munich], July 7, 1987, 1-4.

"V put', uchebnyi god! Segodnia--Den' znanii," Pravda
     [Moscow], September 1, 1987, 1.

"Vysokaia tsena besplatnogo lecheniia," Literaturnaia
     gazeta [Moscow], September 16, 1987, 2.

"Vzroslye igry: Razmyshleniia po povodu vyborov direktora
     shkoly," Ekonomicheskaia gazeta [Moscow], No. 6,
     February 1988, 13.

Weaver, Kitty D. Russia's Future: The Communist Education of
     Soviet Youth. New York: Praeger, 1981.

Winter, Sonia. "An Interview with Vladimir Treml on Alcoholism in
     the USSR," Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, Radio
     Liberty Research Bulletin [Munich], August 3, 1987, 1-
     6.

"Zabota o mnogodetnykh sem'iakh," Pravda [Moscow],
     October 9, 1987, 2.

Chapter 7

Armstrong, John A. Ideology, Politics, and Government in the
     Soviet Union. New York: Praeger, 1978.

Barghoorn, Frederick C., and Thomas F. Remington. Politics in
     the USSR. (3d ed.) Boston: Little, Brown, 1987.

Bialer, Seweryn. The Soviet Paradox: External Expansion,
     Internal Decline. New York: Vintage Books, 1986.

------. Stalin's Successors: Leadership, Stability, and
     Change in the Soviet Union. Cambridge: Cambridge
     University Press, 1980.

Bialer, Seweryn (ed.). Inside Gorbachev's Russia.
     Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1989.

Bialer, Seweryn, and Thane Gustafson (eds.). Russia at the
     Crossroads. London: Allen and Unwin, 1982.

Breslauer, George. Khrushchev and Brezhnev as Leaders:
     Building Authority in Soviet Politics. London: Allen
     and Unwin, 1982.

------. "Power and Authority in Soviet Politics." Pages 15-33 in
     Joseph L. Nogee (ed.), Soviet Politics: Russia after
     Brezhnev. New York: Praeger, 1985.

------. "Provincial Party Leaders Demand Articulation and the
     Nature of Center-Periphery Relations in the USSR,"
     Slavic Review, 45, No. 4, Winter 1986, 650-72.

Brown, Archie, and Michael Kaser (eds.). Soviet Policy for
     the 1980s. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1982.

Burant, Stephen R. "The Influence of Russian Tradition on the
     Political Style of the Soviet Elite," Political Science
     Quarterly, 102, No. 2, Summer 1987, 273-93.

------. "Soviet Political Culture," (Paper presented at the
     Midwest Slavic Conference, University of Wisconsin, April
     18-19, 1986.) Madison: 1986.

D'Agostino, Anthony. Soviet Succession Struggles,
     Winchester, Massachusetts: Allen and Unwin, 1987.

"Departments `May Be Halved'," Moscow World Service [Moscow],
     September 29, 1988. Foreign Broadcast Information Service,
     Daily Report: Soviet Union. (FBIS-SOV-88-190.)
     September 30, 1988, 33.

Deputaty verkhovnogo soveta SSSR. Moscow: Izvestiia,
     1984.

Fainsod, Merle. How Russia Is Ruled. Cambridge: Harvard
     University Press, 1965.

Fehér, Ferenc, and Andrew Arato (eds.). Gorbachev: The
     Debate. Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey: Humanities
     Press International, 1989.


Hahn, Jeffrey W. Soviet Grassroots: Citizen Participation in
     Local Soviet Government. Princeton: Princeton
     University Press, 1987.

Gosudarstvennyi komitet po statistike. Narodnoe khoziaistvo
     SSSR v 1985 g. Moscow: Finansy i statistika, 1986.

------. Narodnoe khoziaistvo SSSR za 70 let. Moscow:
     Finansy i statistika, 1987.

Hahn, Werner. "Electoral 'Choice' in the Soviet Bloc,"
     Problems of Communism, 36, No. 2, March-April 1987,
     29-39.

Harasymiw, Bohdan. Political Elite Recruitment in the Soviet
     Union. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1984.

Hazard, John N. The Soviet System of Government. (5th
     ed.) Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980.

Heller, Mikhail. Cogs in the Wheel. New York: Knopf,
     1988.

Hill, Ronald J., and Peter Frank. The Soviet Communist
     Party. London: Allen and Unwin, 1983.

Holmes, Leslie. Politics in the Communist World. Oxford:
     Clarendon Press, 1986.

Hough, Jerry F. "Changes in Soviet Elite Composition." Pages 39-
     64 in Seweryn Bialer and Thane Gustafson (eds.), Russia
     at the Crossroads. London: Allen and Unwin, 1982.

------. Russia and the West: Gorbachev and the Politics of
     Reform. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1988.

-----. The Soviet Union and Social Science Theory.
     Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1977.

Jozsza, Gyula. "Bureaucracy in Party and State." Pages 312-23 in
     Hans-Joachim Veen (ed.), From Brezhnev to
     Gorbachev. New York: BERG, 1987.

------. "Political Seilschaften in the USSR." Pages 139-73 in
     T.H. Rigby and Bohdan Harasymiw (eds.), Leadership
     Selection and Patron-Client Relations in the USSR and
     Yugoslavia. London: Allen and Unwin, 1983.

Konstitutsiia SSSR i razvitie sovetskogo
     zakonodatel'stva. Moscow: Iuridicheskaia literatura,
     1981.

KPSS i razvitie sovetskoi politicheskoi sistemy. Moscow:
     Mysl', 1987.

"KPSS v tsifrakh," Partiinaia zhizn' [Moscow], No. 14,
     July 1981, 13-26.
 
"KPSS v tsifrakh," Partiinaia zhizn' [Moscow], No. 14,
     July 1986, 19-32.

"KPSS v tsifrakh," Partiinaia zhizn' [Moscow], No. 21,
     November 1987, 6-20.

Kratkii politicheskii slovar'. Moscow: Izdatel'stvo
     politicheskoi literatury, 1980.

Laqueur, Walter. The Long Road to Freedom: Russia and
     Glasnost, New York: Scribner's, 1989.

Lewis, Moshe. The Gorbachev Phenomenon, Berkeley:
     University of California Press, 1988.

Linden, Carl. The Soviet Party-State: The Politics of
     Ideocratic Despotism. New York: Praeger, 1983.

Mandel, Ernst. Beyond Perestroika: The Future of Gorbachev's
     USSR, London: Verso, 1989.

Mann, Dawn. "The Party Conference Resolution on Democratization
     and Political Reform," Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty,
     Radio Free Liberty Research Bulletin [Munich], July
     6, 1988, 1-8.

Medish, Vadim. The Soviet Union. (3d ed.) Englewood
     Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1987.

"Medvedev Answers Journalists Questions," Moscoe TASS [Moscow],
     September 30, 1988. Foreign Broadcast Information Service,
     Daily Report: Soviet Union. (FBIS-SOV-88-191.)
     October 3, 1988, 42.

Meissner, Boris. "Social Change in the Soviet Union and Social
     Structure of the CPSU." Pages 299-311 in Hans-Joachim Veen
     (ed.), From Brezhnev to Gorbachev. New York: BERG,
     1987.

Meyer, Alfred G. Leninism. New York: Praeger, 1963.

Michnik, Adam. Letters from Prison and Other Essays. 
     Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985.

Miller, John H. "The Communist Party: Trends and Problems." Pages
     1-34 in Archie Brown and Michael Kaser (eds.), Soviet
     Policy for the 1980s. Bloomington: Indiana University
     Press, 1982.

Moore, Barrington, Jr. Soviet Politics: The Dilemma of
     Power. New York: Harper and Row, 1965.

Moses, Joel C. "Functional Career Specialization in Soviet
     Regional Elite Recruitment." Pages 15-63 in T.H. Rigby and
     Bohdan Harasymiw (eds.), Leadership Selection and
     Patron-Client Relations in the USSR and Yugoslavia.
     London: Allen and Unwin, 1983.

Nogee, Joseph L. (ed.). Soviet Politics: Russia after
     Brezhnev. New York: Praeger, 1985.

Nor-Mesek, Nikolaij, and Wolfgang Rieper. Politburo: Leading
     Organs of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of
     the Soviet Union and Leading Organs of the Republics.
     Frankfurt: Institut für Sowjet-Studien, 1987.

"O demokratizatizatsii sovetskogo obshchestva i reforme
     politicheskoi sistemy," Pravda [Moscow], July 5,
     1988, 2.

Rahr, Alexander. "Gorbachev's Personal Staff," Radio Free
     Europe/Radio Liberty, Radio Liberty Research
     Bulletin [Munich], May 30, 1988, 1-5.
 
------. "Turnover in the Central Party Apparatus," Radio Free
     Europe/Radio Liberty, Radio Liberty Research
     Bulletin [Munich], July 9, 1987, 1-10.

------. "Restructuring the Kremlin Leadership," Radio Free
     Europe/Radio Liberty, Radio Liberty Research
     Bulletin [Munich], October 4, 1988, 1-6.

------. "Turnover in the Soviet nomenklatura?" Radio
     Free Europe/Radio Liberty, Radio Liberty Research
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Remington, Thomas F. The Truth of Authority. Pittsburgh:
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Smith, Gordon B. Soviet Politics: Continuity and
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Tatu, Michel. Gorbatchev, l'URSS va-t-elle changer.
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Teague, Elizabeth. "Central Committee Resolution Fudges Issue of
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Voslensky, Michael. Nomenklatura. Garden City:
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Willerton, John P., Jr. "Patronage Networks and Coalition
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Yanov, Alexander. The Drama of the Soviet 1960s.
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Zemtsov, IIya, and John Farrar. Gorbachev: The Man and the
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Chapter 8


Bahry, Donna. Outside Moscow: Power, Politics, and Budgetary
     Policy in the Soviet Republics. New York: Columbia
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Friedgut, Theodore. Political Participation in the USSR.
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Hammer, Darrell P. The USSR: The Politics of Oligarchy.
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------. The Soviet Prefects. Durham: Duke University
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Hough, Jerry F., and Merle Fainsod. How the Soviet Union Is
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------. Department of State. "The Soviet Constitution: Myth and 
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Chapter 9

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Cracraft, James (ed.). The Soviet Today: An Interpretive
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Dizard, Wilson P., and Blake S. Swensrud. Gorbachev's
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Dunham, Vera S. In Stalin's Time: Middle-Class Values in
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Dunlop, John B. "Soviet Cultural Politics," Problems of
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Dzirkals, Lilita, Thane Gustafson, and A. Ross Johnson. "The
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Fein, Esther B. "Impressario Is Back in Moscow, for Now," New
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Friedberg, Maurice. Russian Culture in the 1980s.
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Glazov, Yuri. The Russian Mind since Stalin's Death.
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Golovskoy, Valery S. "Is There Censorship in the Soviet Union?"
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Goscilo, Helena. "Tatiana Tolstaia's `Dome of Many-Colored
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Howe, Irving. "At the Mercy of Apparatchiks," New York Times
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Jacobs, George, and Associates. "The Rapid Expansion in Soviet
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Judy, Richard W., and Jane M. Lommel. "The New Computer Literacy
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Keller, Bill. "Lenin Faulted on State Terror, and a Soviet Taboo
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Lee, Andrea. Russian Journal. New York: Random House,
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Lee, Gary. "Our Only Rule: Live Outside Society--Leningrad
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McGulgan, Cathleen. "Art in from the Cold," Newsweek,
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Medish, Vadim. The Soviet Union. (3d ed.) Englewood
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Medvedev, Roy. "Liquidating Stalin: Behind Gorbachev's Speech Was
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Chapter 10

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Baxter, William P. The Soviet Way of Warfare. London:
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Becker, Abraham S. "Soviet Union and the Third World: The
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Bialer, Seweryn (ed.). The Domestic Context of Soviet Foreign
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Blasier, Cole. The Giant's Rival: The USSR and Latin
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Buszynski, Leszek. Soviet Foreign Policy and Southeast
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[Moscow], 1985-89.)

Chapter 11

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Chapter 12

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Chapter 14

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United Kingdom], 1985-88.)

Chapter 15

"And All Siberia Still Between," Economist [London]
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Union; Izvestiia [Moscow]; New York Times;
Soviet Business and Trade; and Vneshniaia
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Chapter 16

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    (Various issues of the following publications also were used
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Policy; Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, Radio Liberty
Research Bulletin [Munich].)


Chapter 17

Alexiev, Alexander R. The New soviet Strategy in the Third
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Baxter, William P. The Soviet Way of Warfare. London:
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Cracraft, James (ed.). The Soviet Union Today: An
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Currie, Kenneth M., and Gregory Varhall (eds.). The Soviet
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Dismukes, Bradford, and James M. McConnell (eds.). Soviet
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Chapter 18

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Alexeev, Michael. "Military Expenditures and the Soviet Economy,"
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Alexiev, Alexander R., and S. Enders Wimbush (eds.). Ethnic
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Alford, Jonathon. The Soviet Union: Security Policies and
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Azrael, Jeremy R. "The Soviet Civilian Leadership and the
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Baxter, William P. Soviet Airland Battle Tactics.
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Bellamy, Chris. Red God of War: Soviet Artillery and Rocket
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Berman, Robert P., and John C. Baker. Soviet Strategic
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     Economic Relations Between East and West. London:
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Karavaev, V.P. Integratsiia i investitsii: Problemy
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     i kommunizma," Ekonomicheskoe sotrudnichestvo stran-
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Kohn, M.J., and N.R. Lang. "The Intra-CMEA Foreign Trade System:
     Major Price Changes, Little Reform." Pages 135-51 in United
     States, Congress, 95th, 1st Session, Joint Economic
     Committee, East European Economies Post-Helsinki.
     Washington: GPO, 1977.

"A Little Late in Learning the Facts of Life," Economist
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     Eastern Europe." Pages 155-88 in S.M. Terry (ed.),
     Soviet Policy in Eastern Europe. New Haven: Yale
     University Press, 1984.

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     Integration and East-West Trade. Bloomington: Indiana
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     Ekonomicheskoe sotrudnichestvo stran-chlenov SEV
     [Moscow], No. 2, 1986, 70-75.

Mellor, Roy E.H. "The Genesis of Comecon and the Sovietization of
     Eastern Europe." Pages 221-48 in Roy E.H. Mellor (ed.),
     Eastern Europe: A Geography of the Comecon
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Mellor, Roy E.H. (ed.). Eastern Europe: A Geography of the
     Comecon Countries. New York: Columbia University Press,
     1975.

The Multilateral Economic Cooperation of Socialist States: A
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Neuberger, Egon, and Laura D'Andrea Tyson (eds.). The Impact
     of International Economic Disturbances on the Soviet Union
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Nicolae, Petre. CMEA in Theory and Practice. Falls
     Church, Virginia: Delphic, 1984.

Pecsi, K. "Nekotorye problemy ustanovleniia tsen vo vzaimnoi
     torgovle stran SEV," Mirovaia ekonomika i mezhdunarodnye
     otnosheniia [Moscow], No. 9, September 1979, 93-101.

Prybyla, Jan S. "The Dawn of Real Communism: Problems of
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SEV: Real'nosti i perspektivy sotrudnichestva. Moscow:
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Shiriaev, Iu.S, and N.N. Khmelevskii. "SEV: Uglublenie
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Sobell, Vladimir. "The CMEA Scientific Program Gets More (Soviet)
     Teeth," Radio Free Europe, RAD Background Report
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------. "Mikhail Gorbachev Takes Charge of the CMEA," Radio Free
     Europe, RAD Background Report [Munich], 146,
     December 20, 1985.

------. "The Shifting Focus of CMEA Integration," Radio Free
     Europe, RAD Background Report [Munich], 159,
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Tarasov, L. "Ekonomika stran-chlenov SEV v 1981-1985 gg,"
     Voprosy ekonomiki [Moscow], July 1986.

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United States. Congress. 95th 1st Session. Joint Economic
     Committee. East European Economics Post-Helsinki,
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------. Congress. 97th, 1st Session. Joint Economic Committee.
     East European Economic Assessment. Washington: GPO,
     1981.

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     Money and Finance. (Studies in International Business,
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------. Socialist Economic Integration. Cambridge:
     Cambridge University Press, 1980.

Vanous, Jan. "Eastern European and Soviet Fuel Trade, 1970-1985."
     Pages 541-60 in United States, Congress, 97th, 1st Session,
     Joint Economic Committee, East European Economic
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de Weydenthal, J.B. "The Realities of Economic Integration,"
     Radio Free Europe, RAD Background Report [Munich],
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    (Various issues of the following publication were also used
in the preparation of this appendix: Joint Publications Research
Service, USSR Report on Economic Affairs.)

Appendix C

Adelman, Jonathan R. (ed.). Communist Armies in
     Politics. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1982.

------. Superpowers and Revolution. New York: Praeger,
     1986.

Alexiev, Alex. "The Romanian Army." Pages 149-66 in Jonathan R.
     Adelman (ed.), Communist Armies in Politics.
     Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1982.

Alexiev, Alexander, and A. Ross Johnson. East European
     Military Reliability: An Emigré-Based Assessment. Santa
     Moncia, California: Rand, 1986.

Alford, Johathan (ed.). The Soviet Union: Security Policies
     and Constraints. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1985.

Atkeson, Edward B. "The 'Fault Line' in the Warsaw Pact:
     Implications for NATO Strategy," Orbis, 30, No. 1,
     Spring 1986, 111-32.

Broadhurst, Arlene Idol (ed.). The Future of European
     Alliance Systems: NATO and the Warswaw Pact. Boulder,
     Colorado: Westveiw Press, 1982.

Byrnes Robert F. (ed.). After Brezhnev: Sources of Soviet
     Conduct in the 1980s. Bloomington: Indiana University
     Press, 1983.

Caravelli, John M. "Soviet and Joint Warsaw Pact Exercises:
     Functions and Utility," Armed Forces and Society,
     9, Spring 1983, 393-426.

Checinski, Michael. "Warsaw Pact/CMEA Military-Economic Trends,"
     Problems of Communism, 36, No. 2, March-April 1987,
     15-28.

Clawson, Robert W., and Lawrence S. Kaplan (eds.). The Warsaw
     Pact: Political Purpose and Military Means. Wilmington:
     Scholarly Resources, 1982.

Copper, John F., and Daniel S. Papp (eds.) Communist Nations'
     Military Assistance. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press,
     1983.

Crane, Keith. Military Spending in Eastern Europe. Santa
     Monica, California: Rand, 1987.

Donnelly, Christopher. "The Military Significance of the Polish
     Crisis." Pages 10-13 in RUSI and Brassey's Defence
     Yearbook, 1983. London: Brassey's, 1983.

Erickson, John. "The Warsaw Pact: From Here to Eternity,"
     Current History, 84, No. 505, November 1985, 357-
     60, 387.

Getman, I.P. 30-letie Varshavskogo Dogovora, ukazatel
     literatury 1970-1984 gg. Moscow: MISON, 1985. 

Grechko, A.A., et al. (eds.). Sovetskaia voennaia
     entsiklopediia. Moscow: Voenizdat, 1976.

Herspring, Dale R. "The Warsaw Pact at 25," Problems of
     Communism, 29, No. 5, September-October 1980, 1-15. 

Holloway, David, and Jane M.O. Sharp (eds.). The Warsaw Pact:
     Alliance in Transition? Ithaca: Cornell University
     Press, 1984.

Hutchings, Robert L. Foreign and Security Policy Coordination
     in the Warsaw Pact. (Berichte 15-1985.) Cologne:
     Bundesinstitut für Ostwissenschaftliche und Internationale
     Studien, 1985.

Jones, Christopher D. Soviet Influence in Eastern Europe: 
     Political Autonomy and the Warsaw Pact. (Studies of
     Influence in International Relations). New York: Praeger,
     1981.

-----. "The USSR, the Warsaw Pact, and NATO." Pages 15-36 in
     Ingmar Oldberg (ed.), Proceedings of a Symposium on
     Unity and Conflict in the Warsaw Pact. Stockholm:
     Swedish National Defence Research Institute, 1984.

------. "Warsaw Pact Exercises: The Genesis of a Greater
     Socialist Army?" Pages 429-50 in David R. Jones (ed.),
     Soviet Armed Forces Review Annual. Gulf Breeze,
     Flordia: Academic International Press, 1984.

Jones, David R. (ed.). Soviet Armed Forces Review
     Annual. Gulf Breeze, Florida: Academic International
     Press, 1984.

Kaplan, Stephen S. (ed.). Diplomacy of Power: Soviet Armed
     Forces as a Political Instrument. Washington: Brooking
     Institution, 1981.

Korbonski, Andrzej. "Eastern Europe." Pages 290-344 in Robert F.
     Byrnes (ed.), After Brezhnev: Sources of Soviet Conduct
     in the 1980s. Bloomington: Indiana University Press,
     1983.

Korbonski, Andrzej, and Lubov Fajfer. "The Soviet Union and Two
     Crises in Poland." Pages 241-65 in Jonathan R. Adelman
     (ed.), Superpowers and Revolution. New York:
     Praeger, 1986.

Lewis, William J. The Warsaw Pact: Arms, Doctrine, and
     Strategy. Cambridge: Institute for Foreign Policy
     Analysis, 1982.

McGregor, Douglas A. "Uncertain Allies? East European Forces in
     the Warsaw Pact," Soviet Studies, 38, No. 2, April
     1986, 227-47.

Mackintosh, Malcolm. "Developments in Alliance Politics: The
     Warsaw Pact." Pages 147-64 in RUSI and Brassey's Defence
     Yearbook, 1986. London: Brassey's 1986.

Maltsev, V.F., et al. (eds.). Organizatsiia Varshavskogo
     Dogovora, 1955-1985: Dokumenty i materialy. Moscow:
     Politizdat, 1986.

Martin, Richard C. "Warsaw Pact Force Modernization: A Closer
     Look," Parameters, 15, No. 2, Summer 1985, 3-11.

Nelson, Daniel N. Alliance Behavior in the Warsaw Pact.
     (Westview Special Studies on the Soviet Union and Eastern
     Europe.) Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1986.

Nelson, Daniel N. (ed.). Soviet Allies: The Warsaw Pact and
     the Issue of Reliability. Boulder, Colorado: Westview
     Press, 1984.

Nelson, Daniel N., and Joseph Lepgold. "Alliances and Burden-
     sharing: A NATO-Warsaw Pact Comparison," Defense
     Analysis, 2, September 1986, 205-24.

Oldberg, Ingmar (ed.). Proceedings of a Synposium on Unity
     and Conflict in the Warsaw Pact. Stockholm: Swedish
     National Defence Research Institute, 1984.

Orlik, I.I. Vneshniaia politika stran Varshavskogo Dogovora,
     pervaya polovina 80-kh godov. Moscow: Nauka, 1986.

Papp, Daniel S. "Soviet Military Assistance to Eastern Europe."
     Pages 13-38 in John F. Copper and Daniel S. Papp (eds.),
     Communist Nations' Military Assistance. Boulder,
     Colorado: Westview Press, 1983.

Petrovskii, V.F. Sovetskaia kontseptsiia bezopastnosti.
     Moscow: Nauka, 1986.

Radzievskii, S. "Voennoe sotrudnichestvo i soglasovanie usilii
     stran antigitlerovskoi koalitsii," Voenno-istoricheskii
     zhurnal [Moscow], June 1982, 39-47.

Rakowska-Harmstone, Teresa. The Warsaw Pact: The Question of
     Cohesion. (ORAE Extra-Mural Papers, Nos. 29, 33, and
     39.) Ottawa: Department of National Defence, 1984.

Remington, Robin Alison. "Western Images of the Warsaw Pact,"
     Problems of Communism, 36, No. 2, March-April 1987,
     69-80.

Rice, Condoleezza. "Warsaw Pact Reliability: The Czechoslovak
     People's Army." Pages 125-42 in Daniel N. Nelson (ed.),
     Soviet Allies: The Warsaw Pact and the Issue of
     Reliability. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1984.

Rice, Condoleezza, and Michael Fry. "The Hungarian Crisis of
     1956: The Soviet Decision." Pages 181-99 in Jonathan R.
     Adelman (ed.), Superpowers and Revolution. New
     York: Praeger, 1986.

RUSI and Brassey's Defence Yearbook, 1983. London:
     Brassey's, 1983.

Savinov, K.I. Varshavskii Dogovor-faktor mira, shchit
     sotsialisma. Moscow: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniia, 1986.

Shtemenko, S.M. "Varshavskii dogovor." Pages 20-22 in A.A.
     Grechko et al. (eds.), Sovetskaia voennaia
     entsiklopediia. Moscow: Voenizdat, 1976.

Simon, Jeffrey. Warsaw Pact Forces: Problems of Command and
     Control. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1985.

Simon, Jeffrey, and Trono Gilberg (eds.). Security
     Implications of Nationalism in Eastern Europe. Boulder,
     Colorado: Westview Press, 1986.

Skorodenko, P.P. Vo glave boevogo soiuza: Kommunisticheskie
     partii--sozdateli i rukovoditeli Organizatsii Varshavskogo
     Dogovora. Moscow: Voenizdat, 1985.

Staar, Richard F. "Soviet Relations with East Europe,"
     Current History, 83, No. 496, November 1984, 353-
     56, 386-87.

Tatu, Michel. "Intervention in Eastern Europe." Pages 205-64 in
     Stephen S. Kaplan (ed.), Diplomacy of Power: Soviet
     Armed Forces as a Political Instrument. Washington:
     Brookings Institution, 1981.

Valenta, Jiri. "Perspectives on Soviet Intervention: Soviet Use
     of Surprise and Deception." Pages 157-68 in Jonathan Alford
     (ed.), The Soviet Union: Security Policies and
     Constraints. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1985.

Volgyes, Ivan. The Political Reliability of the Warsaw Pact
     Armies: The Southern Tier. (Duke Press Policy Studies.)
     Durham: Duke University Press, 1982.

------. "The Reliability of the Warsaw Pact Armies." Pages 350-77
     in Kenneth M. Currie and Gregory Varhall (eds.), The
     Soviet Union: What Lies Ahead? Military-Political Affairs in
     the 1980s. Washington: GPO, 1985. 

Volkogonov, D.A., et al. Armii stran Varshavskogo Dogovora:
     Spravochnik. Moscow: Voenizdat, 1985.

Zhilin, P.A., et al. Stroitelstvo armii evropeiskhikh stran
     sotsialisticheskogo sodruzhestva 1949-1980. Moscow:
     Nauka, 1984.

    (Various issues of the following publication were also used
in the preparation of this appendix: Joint Publications Research
Service, Soviet Union: Military Affairs.)