Appendix A. Tables

Table 1. Metric Conversion Coofficients and Factors


When you kow	Multiply by	To find
Millimeters	0.04	inches
Centimeters	0.39	inches
Meters	3.3	feet
Kilometers	0.62	miles
Hectares	2.47	acres
Square kilometers	0.39	square miles
Cubic meters	35.3	cubic feet
Liters	0.26	gallons
Kilograms	2.2	pounds
Metric tons	0.98	long tons
	1.1	short tons
	2,204	pounds
Degrees Celsius (Centigrade)	1.8 and add 32	degrees Fahrenheit

Table 2. Population Size and Density by Department, 1985 Census

Department	Population	Density*
Artigas	69,145	5.8
Canelones	364,248	80.3
Cerro Largo	78,416	5.7
Colonia	112,717	18.5
Durazno	55,077	4.7
Flores	24,739	4.8
Florida	66,474	6.4
Lavalleja	61,466	6.1
Maldonado	94,314	19.7
Montevideo	1,311,976	2,475.4
Paysandú	103,763	7.5
Río Negro	48,644	5.2
Rivera	89,475	9.5
Rocha	66,601	6.3
Salto	108,487	7.7
San José	89,893	18.0
Soriano	79,439	8.8
Tacuarembó	83,498	5.4
Treinta y Tres	46,869	4.9
URUGUAY	2,955,241	16.9

*Persons per square kilometer.

Source: Based on information from Uruguay, Dirección General de Estadística y Censos, Anuario estadístico, 1988, Montevideo, 1989.

Table 3. Ranking of Departments by Level of Development, 1978

Rank	Department	Index of Social and Economic Development
1	Montevideo	97.7
2	Maldonado	66.1
3	Colonia	37.6
4	Paysandú	34.0
5	Lavalleja	30.1
6	Soriano	24.9
7	Flores	24.1
8	Salto	22.6
9	Canelones	22.1
10	Rocha	19.2
11	Florida	18.6
12	Durazno	17.9
13	Río Negro	16.4
14	San José	15.7
15	Treinta y Tres	14.6
16	Artigas	12.2
17	Cerro Largo	10.9
18	Tacuarembó	10.2
19	Rivera	5.7

Source: Based on information from Danilo Veiga, ""Tipología departmental y desarrollo regional en el Uruguay,"" Montevideo, 1978, 43.

Table 4. Population, Selected Years, 1769- 2020*

Year	Population	Year	Population
1769	12,000	1941	2,186,000
1796	46,000	1950	2,193,000
1829	74,000	1963	2,596,000
1835	128,000	1975	2,788,000
1852	132,000	1980	2,908,000
1860	223,000	1985	2,955,000
1872	420,000	1988	3,081,000
1889	712,000	1995	3,152,000
1908	1,043,000	2000	3,264,000
1916	1,294,000	2020	3,679,000
1930	1,699,000

*Figures for 1852, 1860, 1908, 1963, 1975, and 1985 are census results; figures for other years to 1988 are estimates; figures for 1995, 2000, and 2020 are projections. All figures are rounded off to the nearest thousand.

Table 5. Income Distribution by Area, 1986

Percentage Share of Household Income	Lowest 20 Percent	Highest 20 Percent	Highest 10 Percent
Montevideo	5.5	47.3	29.9
Department capitals	6.2	45.9	29.1
Rest of interior	5.7	46.4	29.8

Source: Based on information from Pablo Martínez Bengochea and Alicia Melgar, ""Evolución de precios e ingresos, 1985-1986,"" Cuadernos del CLAEH [Montevideo], 11, No. 39, 1986, 88.

Table 6. Decline of Real Wages, 1968- 82

**(1968=100)**
Year	Private Sector	Public Sector	Uruguay
1968	100	100	100
1969	111	112	111
1970	111	109	110
1971	116	115	116
1972	98	94	96
1973	96	93	94
1974	96	91	93
1975	88	82	85
1976	81	79	80
1977	71	71	71
1978	68	68	68
1979	62	64	63
1980	58	67	62
1981	62	72	67
1982	62	72	67

Source: Based on information from Martin Weinstein, Uruguay: Democracy at the Crossroads, Boulder, Colorado, 1988, 69.

Table 7. Evolution of Real Wages, 1981- 89

**(fourth quarter 1984=100)**
Year	Private Sector	Public Sector	Uruguay
1981	131	149	140
1982	130	149	140
1983	104	117	111
1984	99	102	100
1985	114	116	115
1986	123	122	122
1987	133	122	128
1988	136	123	130
1989	138	119	130

Source: Based on information from Búsqueda [Montevideo], No. 540, June 14-20, 1990, 29.

Table 8. Decline of Real Minimum Wage, 1981- 89

Year	Index*
1981	97
1982	99
1983	85
1984	85
1985	89
1986	84
1987	86
1988	80
1989	74

*March 1973=100.

Source: Based on information from Búsqueda [Montevideo], No. 539, June 7-13, 1990, 27.

Table 9. Key Economic Indicators, 1985- 89

	1985	1986	1987	1988	1989 1
Gross domestic product (GDP)2	5,204	6,382	7,734	7,944	8,800
Real GDP growth3	0.3	6.6	4.9	0.5	1.5
Labor force4	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.3
Unemployment rate5	13	11	9	9	9
Inflation rate5	72	71	57	69	85
Exchange rate6	101	152	227	359	606
Foreign debt2	4,900	5,238	5,888	6,330	6,700

1Preliminary.
2In millions of United States dollars.
3In percentages; real GDP growth takes inflation into account.
4In millions.
5In percentages.
6In Uruguayan new pesos (for value of the Uruguayan new peso--see Glossary) to United States dollars.

Table 10. Public-Sector Finances, 1983- 87

(in millions of Uruguayan new pesos)*
	1983	1984	1985	1986	1987
Revenues
Taxes
Income	3,339	3,599	8,616	18,086	30,706
Property	1,951	1,854	4,414	9,829	19,218
Goods and services	15,718	24,037	48,750	95,781	163,145
External trade	3,851	6,129	8,936	15,937	32,927
Payroll	222	241	784	1,368	2,219
Total taxes	25,081	35,860	71,500	141,001	248,215
Nontax revenues	4,204	3,937	5,197	8,850	22,724
Total revenues	29,285	39,797	76,697	149,851	270,939
Expenditures
General services	4,777	6,675	12,001	23,724	41,590
Defense	5,345	7,238	11,415	19,049	29,538
Education	3,108	4,090	7,689	16,261	32,037
Sanitation	2,001	2,384	4,824	10,782	18,132
Social security	13,992	17,485	28,735	44,530	83,399
Other	7,632	17,601	26,761	46,824	88,292
Total expenditures	36,855	55,473	91,425	161,170	292,988
Deficit	7,570	15,676	14,728	11,319	22,049

*For value of the Uruguayan new peso--see Glossary.

Source: Based on information from Uruguay, Dirección General de Estadística y Censos, Anuario estadístico, 1988, Montevideo, 1989.

Table 11. Public-Sector Expenditures, Selected Years, 1980-87

**(in percentages)**
Expenditures	1980	1984	1986	1987
Capital expenditures	9.6	5.7	6.3	10.6
Current transfers and subsidies	5.3	12.2	6.7	8.0
Financial investment and net lending	2.5	3.1	2.6	n.a.
Interest payments	2.2	9.5	10.4	8.9
Purchase of goods and services	80.4	69.5	74.0	72.5
TOTAL	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0

n.a.--not available.

Source: Based on information from Inter-American Development Bank, Economic and Social Progress in Latin America, Washington, 1989, 481-84.

Table 12. Public-Sector Revenues, 1980, 1984, and 1986

**(in percentages)**
Revenues	1980	1984	1986
Taxes
Income	14.9	9.4	15.3
Property	4.9	4.5	5.8
Goods and services	58.4	58.2	59.9
External trade	12.8	17.4	16.4
Total taxes	91.0	89.5	97.4
Nontax revenues	9.0	10.5	2.6
TOTAL	100.0	100.0	100.0

Source: Based on information from Inter-American Development Bank, Economic and Social Progress in Latin America, Washington, 1989, 477-80.

Table 13. Agricultural and Fisheries Production, 1983-88

**(in thousands of tons)**
Product	1983	1984	1985	19 86	1987	1988
Livestock products
Beef and veal	431	302	323	330	255	301
Mutton and lamb	60	41	44	83	54	n.a.
Milk	571	521	595	640	635	n.a.
Wool	82	82	71	87	90	89
Total livestock products	1,144	946	1,033	1,140	1,034	390
Crops
Rice	323	339	421	394	335	381
Wheat	363	419	349	246	232	414
Corn	104	112	108	103	104	118
Barley	45	80	113	80	62	124
Soybeans	12	11	21	35	63	n.a.
Total crops	847	961	1,012	858	796	931
Fisheries
Argentine hake	80	65	97	86	84	n.a.
Atlantic croaker	25	24	19	24	28	n.a.
Striped weakfish	9	11	7	13	11	n.a.
Other	30	34	15	18	15	n.a.
Total fisheries	144	134	138	141	138	n.a.

n.a.--not available.

Source: Based on information from Uruguay, Dirección General de Estadística y Censos, Anuario estadístico, 1988, Montevideo, 1989.

Table 14. Selected Autonomous Entities, 1990

Acronym	Organization
AFE	Administración de los Ferrocarriles del Estado
	(State Railways Administration)
ANCAP	Administración Nacional de Combustibles, Alcohol, y Portland
	(National Administration of Fuels, Alcohol, and Portland Cement)
ANDEBU	Asociación Nacional de Broadcasters Uruguayos
	(National Association of Uruguayan Broadcasters)
ANEP	Asociación Nacional de Empleados Públicos
	(National Association of Public Employees)
ANP	Administración Nacional de Puertos
	(National Administration of Ports)
ANTEL	Administración Nacional de Telecomunicaciones
	(National Telecommunications Administration)
BPS	Banco de Previsión Social
	(Social Welfare Bank)
BROU	Banco de la República Oriental del Uruguay
	(Bank of Uruguay)
COCAP	Consejo de Capacitación Profesional
	(Professional Training Council)
CONADI	Comisión Nacional de Informática
	(National Informatics Commission)
INC	Instituto Nacional de Colonización
	(National Land Settlement Institute)
OSE	Administración de Obras Sanitarias del Estado
	(State Sanitary Works Administration)
PLUNA	Primeras Líneas Uruguayas de Navegación Aérea
	(Uruguayan National Airlines)
SODRE	Servicio Oficial de Difusión Radiotelevisión y Espectáculos
	(Official Radio and Television Service)
TAMU	Transportes Aéreos Militares Uruguayos
	(Uruguayan Military Air Transport)
UTE	Administración Nacional de Usinas y Transmisiones Eléctricas
	(National Administration for the Generation and Transmission of Electricity)

Table 15. Manufacturing Production and Employment by Sector, 1987


Sector	Value1	Employment2
Food and beverages	1,296	41
Textiles, apparel, and footwear	891	37
Petroleum refining	493	2
Chemicals	400	9
Transportation goods	259	3
Steel, metal, and metal products	158	7
Paper and paper products	150	4
Machinery and appliances	139	5
Tobacco products	105	1
Rubber products	97	3
Plastic products	81	4
Other	281	16
TOTAL	4,350	132

1In millions of United States dollars.
2In thousands.

Source: Based on information from Uruguay, Dirección General de Estadística y Censos, Anuario estadístico, 1988, Montevideo, 1989.

Table 16. Balance of Payments, 1984- 88

**(in millions of United States dollars)**
	1984	1985	1986	1987	1988
Current account
Merchandise exports	925	854	1,088	1,182	1,404
Merchandise imports	-732	-675	-814	- 1,080	-1,112
Trade balance	193	179	274	102	292
Net other goods and services	- 332	-309	-231	-242	-280
Net transfers	10	11	25	8	21
Current account balance	-129	-119	68	- 132	33
Capital account
Direct investment	3	-8	-5	5	-2
Portfolio investment	19	97	86	13	37
Other long-term capital	20	-29	55	22	-100
Other short-term capital	124	-134	-156	199	204
Capital account balance	166	-74	-20	239	139
Net errors and omissions	-121	259	240	- 68	-209
Counterpart items	22	-23	-38	- 49	19
Exceptional financing	0	0	0	40	40
Other liabilities	-1	0	0	4	15
Change in reserves (- means increase)	63	-43	- 250	-34	-37

Source: Based on information from International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics, Washington, 1990, 552.

Table 17. Principal Political Parties, Factions, and Candidates, Elections of November 26, 1989

Party	Faction	Candidate
Colorado Party (Partido Colorado)	United Batllism (Batllismo Unido--BU) (right-of- center)	Senator Jorge Batlle Ibáñez
	Colorado and Batllist Union (Unión Colorada y Batllista--UCB) (right-of- center)	Jorge Pacheco Areco
	Social Action Movement (Movimiento de Acción Social--MAS) (left-of-center)	Hugo Fernández Faingold
National Party (Partido Nacional)	Herrerist Movement (Movimiento Herrerista) (right-of- center)	Senator Luis Alberto Lacalle de Herrera
	La Rocha National Movement (Movimiento Nacional de La Rocha--MNR) (left-of-center)	Senator Carlos Julio Pereyra
	For the Fatherland (Por la Patria-- PLP) (centrist)	Senator Alberto Sáenz de Zumarán
Broad Front (Frente Amplío)	Left-of- center coalition of communist and socialist parties, Tupamaros, and eleven other small parties	General (Retired) Líber Seregni Mosquera
New Sector (Nuevo Espacio)	Integration Movement (Movimiento de Integración--MI) coalition (left-of- center)*	Senator Hugo Batalla

*Coalition consisted of Christian Democratic Party (Partido Demócrata Cristiano--PDC), Civic Union (Unión Cívica--UC), and People's Government Party (Partido por el Gobierno del Pueblo- -PGP).

Table 18. Principal Newspapers, 1990

Newspaper	Circulation and Frequency	Affiliation	Date Established
El Día	100,000, daily; 150,000, Sunday	Colorado	1886
El Diario	80,000, evening	Independent Colorado	1923
Diario Oficial	Morning	Official gazette	n.a.
Gazeta Comercial	4,500, morning weekly	Independent leftist	1916
La Hora	Morning	Broad Front	1984
La Mañana	40,000, morning	Independent Colorado	1917
Mundocolor	4,500, evening	n.a.	1976
La Opinión	Weekly	UCB1	1985
El País	130,000	Conservative Blanco	1918
La Razón	Weekly	MNR2	1987
Ultimas Noticias	19,000, evening	Moon Unification Church	1981

n.a.--not available.
1Unión Colorada y Batllista (Colorado and Battlist Union).
2Movimiento Nacional de La Rocha (La Rocha National Movement).

Table 19. Major Army Equipment, 1990

Type and Description	Country of Origin	In Inventory
Tanks
M-24 Chaffee light tanks	United States	17
M-41A1 Bulldog light tanks	Belgium (United States-made)	22
Scorpion light tanks	Belgium	15 (more on order)
Armored vehicles
M-3A1 White armored cars	United States	28
FN-4-RM-62 armored cars	Belgium	22
M113 armored personnel carriers	United States	15
Condor armored personnel carriers	West Germany	50
EE-3 Jararaca armored reconnaissance vehicles	Brazil	18
EE-9 Cascavel armored reconnaissance vehicles	-do-	15
Artillery
FAL 7.62mm assault rifles	Argentina	n.a.
Bofors M-1902 75mm, towed	Argentina (Swedish-made)	12
M-101A1 105mm howitzers	South Korea (United States-made)	25
M-114A1 155mm, towed	-do-	5
M-1 81mm mortars	United States	40
107mm mortars	-do-	5
M-18 57mm recoilless rifles	-do-	30
M-40A1 106mm recoilless rifles	-do-	10
Antitank weapons
Milan 106mm antitank guns	-do-	10
Air defense weapons
M-167 Vulcan 20mm air defense guns	South Korea (United States- made)	6
Bofors L	60 40mm air defense guns	Sweden	2

n.a.--not available.

Table 20. Major Navy Equipment, 1990

Type and Description	Country of Origin	In Inventory
Escorts
Commandant Rivière-class frigate	France	1 (2 on order)
Dealey-class frigate	United States	1
Cannon-class destroyer escort1	-do-	1
Auk-class corvette	-do-	1
Patrol craft
Vigilante-class large patrol craft	France	3
Salto-class large patrol craft	Italy	1
Large patrol craft	United States	2
Small patrol craft	n.a.	2
Miscellaneous
Adjutant-class minesweeper	United States	1
LCM 6 landing craft	-do-	2
LD-43-class landing craft	Uruguay	3
Tanker2	Japan	1
Training ship	Spain	1
Cohoe-class salvage vessel	United States	1
Transport vessel2	Denmark	1
Naval aircraft
Grumman SA 2A/G Trackers	United States	5
Beech Super King Air 200T	-do-	1
T-28 Frennecs armed trainers	Argentina	8
Beech T-34 B/C	United States	6
Beech TC-45	-do-	2
Bell 47 helicopter	-do-	1
Bell 222 helicopter	-do-	1
CASA C-212-200 Aviocar	Spain	1
Sikorsky SH-34 helicopters	United States	2
Piper PA-18 Super Cub trainers	-do-	2
SN-7 trainers	-do-	5

n.a.--not available.
1To be replaced by Commandant Rivière-class frigates on order.
2Under civilian charter.

Table 21. Major Air Force Equipment, 1990

Type and Description	Country of Origin	In Inventory
Training
North American AT-6A Texan	United States	7
Beech T-34A/B Mentor and T-6	-do-	24
Cessna T-41D Mescalero	-do-	6
Light attack
FMA IA-58B Pucarás	Argentina	6
Cessna A-37B Dragonflies	United States	8
Lockheed AT-33 Shooting Stars	-do-	4
Liaison
Cessna U-17A Skywagon	-do-	6
Cessna 182	-do-	2
Cessna 310	-do-	1
Piper PA-18 Super Cub	-do-	1
Piper PA-23	-do-	1
Beech Queen Air 80	-do-	5
Transports
CASA C-212 Aviocar	Spain	4
Embraer EMB-110	Brazil	4
Fokker F-27	Netherlands	2
Fairchild-Hiller FH-227	United States	2
Douglas C-47	-do-	2
Survey
Embraer EMB-110B1	Brazil	1
Commander 680	United States	1
Helicopters
Bell 212	-do-	2
Bell UH-1B	-do-	2
Bell UH-1H	-do-	4
Hiller UH-23F	-do-	2