Table 1. Metric Conversion Coefficients and Factors

When you know Multiply by To find
     
Millimeters 0.04 inches
Centimeters 0.39 inches
Meters 3.3 feet
Kilometers 0.62 miles
Hectares 2.47 acres
Square kilometers 0.39 square miles
Cubic meters 35.3 cubic feet
Liters 0.26 gallons
Kilograms 2.2 pounds
Metric tons 0.98 long tons
1.1 short tons
2,204 pounds
Degrees Celsius (Centigrade) 1.8 and add 32 degrees Fahrenheit

Table 2. Population by Province, 1994

Province Population Density
Eastern Cape 6,665,400 38.2
Free State 2,804,600 21.5
Gauteng 6,847,000 374.7
KwaZulu-Natal 8,549,000 94.5
Mpumalanga 2,838,500 38.4
Northern Cape 763,900 2.1
Northern Province 5,120,600 43.8
North-West Province 3,506,800 28.8
Western Cape 3,620,200 28.8

Source: Based on information from South Africa, South African Communication Service, South Africa Yearbook, 1995, Pretoria, 1996, 5-21.

Table 3. Number of Pupils and Teachers by Province, 1995

Province Pupils Teachers
  Primary (six years) Secondary (six years)  
Eastern Cape 1,583,261 741,962 58,254
Free State 414,826 283,573 23,521
Gauteng 787,599 621,036 46,335
KwaZulu-Natal 1,628,679 948,588 63,283
Mpumalanga 545,312 368,363 23,521
Northern Cape 110,223 62,333 7,222
Northern Province 1,050,594 866,428 52,061
North-West Province 545,841 369,588 30,740
Western Cape 504,967 331,602 31,716
TOTAL 7,171,302 4,593,473 336,653

Source: Based on information from Jacob P. Strauss, Hendrik van der Linde, et al., Education and Manpower Development, 1995, Bloemfontein, 1996, 6-10.

Table 4. Major Institutions of Higher Learning and Research, 1995

Institution Enrollment Location Date Founded
Universities      
Medical University of South Africa 3,497 Pretoria n.a.
Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education 10,408 Potchefstroom 1869
Rand Afrikaans University 20,145 Auckland Park 1966
Rhodes University 4,594 Grahamstown 1904
University of Cape Town 14,672 Cape Town 1829
University of Durban-Westville 10,626 Durban 1961
University of Fort Hare 5,200 Alice 1916
University of Natal 14,093 Durban/Pietermaritzburg 1910
University of North-West 4,918 Mmabatho 1979
University of Port Elizabeth 5,600 Port Elizabeth 1964
University of Pretoria 24,435 Pretoria 1908
University of South Africa (correspondence) 130,350 Pretoria 1873
University of Stellenbosch 14,608 Stellenbosch 1918
University of the North 19,012 Turfloop 1959
  Witzieshoek  
  Giyani  
  Phuthaditjhaba  
University of the Orange Free State 9,446 Bloemfontein 1855
University of the Western Cape 14,650 Bellville 1960
University of the Witwatersrand 17,428 Johannesburg 1922
University of Transkei 7,325 Eastern Cape 1976
University of Venda 7,166 Sibasa n.a.
University of Zululand 7,997 KwaDlangezwa 1960
Vista University (correspondence) 34,014 Pretoria 1982
Technikons      
Border Technikon 1,366 East London n.a.
Cape Technikon 9,360 Cape Town 1979
Mangosuthu Technikon 4,648 Umlazi 1978
M.L. Sultan Technikon 6,359 Durban 1946
Peninsula Technikon 6,773 Bellville 1967
Technikon Natal 7,551 Durban 1907
Technikon Northern Transvaal 6,764 Pretoria 1979
Technikon Orange Free State 5,895 Bloemfontein 1981
Technikon Port Elizabeth 7,864 Port Elizabeth 1925
Technikon Pretoria 16,509 Pretoria 1906
Technikon SA 83,741 Florida 1980
Technikon Setlogalo 1,958 Rosslyn n.a.
Technikon Witwatersrand 10,976 Doornfontein 1925
Transkei Technikon 2,181 Butterworth n.a.
Vaal Triangle Technikon 7,856 Vanderbijlpark 1966
Research organizations      
Agricultural Research Council -- Pretoria 1992
Atomic Energy Corporation of South Africa -- Pretoria 1982
Council for Geoscience -- Pretoria 1912
Council for Scientific and Industrial Research -- Pretoria 1945
Hartebeesthoek Radio Astronomy Observatory -- Krugersdorp 1961
Human Sciences Research Council -- Pretoria 1969
Institute for the Study of Man in Africa -- Johannesburg 1960
MINTEK -- Randburg 1934
Municipal Botanic Gardens -- Durban 1849
National Zoological Gardens of South Africa -- Pretoria 1899
South African Institute for Medical Research -- Johannesburg 1912
Learned societies      
Africa Institute of South Africa -- Pretoria 1960
Classical Association of South Africa -- Bloemfontein 1956
Economic Society of South Africa -- Pretoria 1925
Foundation for Education, Science and Technology -- Pretoria 1950
Genealogical Society of South Africa -- Kelvin 1963
Heraldry Society of Southern Africa -- Cape Town 1953
Royal Society of South Africa -- Cape Town 1877
South Africa Foundation -- Johannesburg 1959
South Africa Institute of International Affairs -- Johannesburg 1934
South African Academy of Science and Arts -- Pretoria 1909
South African Archaeological Society -- Vlaeberg 1945
South African Association of the Arts -- Pretoria 1945
South African Geographical Society -- Witwatersrand 1917
South African Institute for Librarianship and Information Science -- Pretoria 1930
South African Institute of Race Relations -- Johannesburg 1929
South African Museums Association -- Sunnyside 1936
Van Riebeeck Society -- Cape Town 1918

Source: Based on information from The World of Learning, 1995, London, 1995, 1348-75; and South Africa, Department of Education, Annual Report, June 1994-December 1995, Pretoria, 1996, Appendix.

Table 5. Real Gross Domestic Product by Sector, Selected Years, 1948-93 (in millions of rands)

Year Primary Sector Secondary Sector Tertiary Sector Total
1948 14,463 10,738 26,151 51,352
1953 17,197 15,007 30,966 63,169
1958 22,536 19,534 37,844 79,914
1963 30,094 26,042 45,412 101,548
1968 34,588 40,094 60,974 135,656
1973 33,410 58,125 78,418 169,953
1978 35,155 66,887 91,812 193,853
1983 33,205 77,164 110,029 220,399
1988 36,745 82,033 124,447 243,225
1993 36,451 76,895 128,655 242,001

Source: Based on information from South African Institute of Race Relations, Race Relations Survey, 1994-95, Johannesburg, 1995, 379-80.

Table 6. Key Economic Indicators, 1991-95 (in billions of United States dollars unless otherwise indicated)

  1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
Gross domestic product (GDP) 310.1 341.0 383.1 432.8 485.9
Real GDP growth -1.0 -2.2 1.3 2.7 3.3
Consumer price inflation2 15.3 13.9 9.7 9.1 8.7
Gross domestic fixed invest-ment 50.1 47.5 45.9 50.1 55.2
Exports, f.o.b. 23.3 23.6 24.1 25.1 27.9
Imports, c.i.f. 18.9 19.8 20.0 23.4 29.4
Current account balance 2.2 1.4 1.8 -0.6 -3.1
Gross reserves 3.0 3.0 2.7 3.1 4.4
External debt 25.6 27.2 25.5 27.9 30.8
Exchange rate 2.76 2.85 3.26 3.55 3.64
Population 38.0 38.6 39.5 40.4 41.2

Source: Based on information from Economist Intelligence Unit, Country Report: South Africa [London], No. 1, 1996, 3, 5.

Table 7. Sources of Government Revenue, 1994, 1995, and 1996 (in millions of rands)

  1994 1995 1996
Income taxes: individuals 37,786 44,763 49,755
Income taxes: companies 11,917 15,502 17,368
Value-added tax 25,425 28,975 32,750
Customs and excise duties 18,074 19,124 20,446
(Less payment to Southern African Customs Union) -3,089 -3,250 -3,890
Other taxes and revenues 6,741 6,436 6,562
TOTAL 96,854 111,550 122,991

Source: Based on information from South Africa, South African Communication Service, South Africa Yearbook, 1995, Pretoria, 1996, 239.

Table 8. Government Expenditures, 1995 and 1996

  1995 1996
  Value Percentage Value2 Percentage
Economic services        
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing 3,645 2.5 2,764 1.8
Fuel and energy 433 0.3 138 0.1
Manufacturing 802 0.5 621 0.4
Mining 223 0.2 208 0.1
Regional development 817 0.6 937 0.6
Transportation and com- munication 6,701 4.5 6,357 4.1
Water projects 1,208 0.8 1,309 0.8
Export promotion and tourism 3,947 2.6 3,321 2.2
Total economic services 17,776 12.0 15,655 10.2
General government services        
Foreign affairs 1,320 0.9 1,321 0.9
General research 506 0.3 510 0.3
Administration and other 11,321 7.6 8,816 5.7
Total general government services 13,147 8.9 10,647 6.9
Security services        
Defense 12,908 8.7 11,025 7.2
Judiciary 1,601 1.1 1,705 1.1
Police 10,168 6.9 11,614 7.5
Prisons 2,584 1.7 2,862 1.9
Total security services 27,261 18.4 27,206 17.6
Social services        
Education 31,428 21.2 32,616 21.2
Health 15,565 10.5 16,885 11.0
Housing 1,648 1.1 4,226 2.7
Community development 2,192 1.5 785 0.5
Recreation and culture 668 0.5 833 0.5
Social security and welfare 13,672 9.2 16,713 10.8
Total social services 65,173 44.0 72,058 46.7
Interest 24,863 16.8 28,604 18.6
Government enterprises 9 0.0 7 0.0
TOTAL 148,229 100.0 154,177 100.0

Source: Based on information from South Africa, South African Communication Service, South Africa Yearbook, 1995, Pretoria, 1996, 238.

Table 9. Major Imports, 1992, 1993, and 1994 (in millions of rands)

Commodity 1992 1993 1994
Machinery and appliances 15,010 17,131 24,805
Vehicles and transportation equipment 6,619 8,916 11,284
Chemicals 5,789 6,599 8,292
Base metals and articles 2,502 2,606 3,399
Professional and scientific equipment 2,243 2,716 3,299
Textiles 2,437 2,654 3,295
Plastics and rubber articles 2,250 2,639 3,256
Paper products 1,463 1,740 2,183
Precious and semiprecious stones and precious metals 351 1,467 1,847
Vegetable products 2,570 1,928 1,365

Source: Based on information from South Africa, South African Communication Service, South Africa Yearbook, 1995, Pretoria, 1996, 224; and Africa South of the Sahara, 1997, London, 1996, 908.

Table 10. Major Exports, 1992, 1993, and 1994 (in millions of rands)

Commodity 1992 1993 1994
Base metals and articles 9,484 9,905 11,853
Precious stones and precious metals 7,160 10,138 10,213
Mineral products 7,083 8,444 7,712
Chemicals and plastics 3,221 3,378 4,757
Vegetable products 2,291 2,437 4,197
Prepared foodstuffs and tobacco 1,857 1,813 2,826
Machinery and appliances 2,151 2,811 2,567
Vehicles and transportation equipment 2,329 2,701 2,265
Paper and paper products 1,896 1,937 2,042
Textiles 1,809 1,812 1,923

Source: Based on information from South Africa, South African Communication Service, South Africa Yearbook, 1995, Pretoria, 1996, 223; and Africa South of the Sahara, 1997, London, 1996, 908.

Table 11. Distribution of Employment in the Formal Economy, 1994 (in percentages)

Economic Activity Regular Employment Casual Employment
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing 12.2 8.3
Armed forces 2.3 0.2
Construction 5.6 12.6
Domestic services 8.5 26.6
Education 7.8 2.8
Electricity and water services 1.9 1.6
Finance 4.2 1.6
Legal services 2.0 0.3
Manufacturing 16.6 9.8
Medical services 5.6 1.6
Mining 7.3 0.7
Hotels and restaurants 2.6 6.4
Transportation and communications 6.7 4.2
Wholesale and retail trade 10.9 16.7
Other 5.8 6.6
TOTAL 100.0 100.0

Source: Based on information from South African Institute of Race Relations, Race Relations Survey, 1994-95, Johannesburg, 1995, 473.

Table 12. Selected Mining Production, 1992, 1993, and 1994 (in thousands of tons unless otherwise indicated)

Mineral 1992 1993 1994
Iron ore 28,226 28,912 32,321
Diamonds 10,177 10,324 10,812
Manganese ore 2,462 2,504 2,851
Chrome ore 3,000 2,563 3,590
Gold 611 616 580
Copper 167 157 165.2
Asbestos 124 97 92.1
Platinum2 69 90 164.8
Lead 75.4 100.2 95.8
Silver2 172 195 n.a.
Uranium oxide2 2,222 2,008 1,913
Coal 174,072 182,262 190,672

Source: Based on information from South Africa, South African Communication Service, South Africa Yearbook, 1994, Pretoria, 1995, 59; and South Africa, South African Communication Service, South Africa Yearbook, 1995, Pretoria, 1996, 122, 125.

Table 13. Selected Agricultural Production, 1992, 1993, and 1994 (in thousands of tons)

Commodity 1992 1993 1994
Barley 265 230 275
Corn 3,125 9,668 12,143
Grapes 1,450 1,249 1,284
Potatoes 1,215 1,127 1,306
Sorghum 98 478 520
Sugarcane 12,955 11,244 15,683
Wheat 1,269 1,984 1,782
Wool 124 111 106

Source: Based on information from South Africa, South African Communication Service, South Africa Yearbook, 1995, Pretoria, 1996, 108; and Africa South of the Sahara, 1997, London, 1996, 905.

Table 14. Selected Industrial Production, 1992-95

Product 1992 1993 1994 1995
Automobiles, assembled 206,600 227,700 227,000 228,400
Cement 5,850 6,135 7,065 7,437
Cigarettes 35,563 34,499 n.a. n.a.
Electrical energy 154,083 159,505 165,985 171,301
Petroleum products        
Gasoline 7,234 8,113 8,720 8,947
Kerosene 703 916 980 935
Distillates 5,893 5,915 5,736 6,551
Rubber tires 7,333 7,676 8,111 8,947
Steel, crude 9,061 8,610 8,300 8,000
Sugar, refined7 1,316 1,098 1,246 n.a.
Wheat flour7 1,833 1,867 1,872 n.a.
Wine 3,779 3,647 2,150 n.a.

Source: Based on information from South Africa, South African Communication Service, South Africa Yearbook, 1995, Pretoria, 1996, 124; and Africa South of the Sahara, 1997, London, 1996, 906.

Table 15. Foreign Tourist Arrivals, 1991-95

Region of Origin 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
Africa 1,193,700 2,328,000 2,698,100 3,125,958 3,452,164
Europe 367,600 395,300 429,900 463,477 721,878
North America and South America 67,100 75,000 91,700 115,621 160,473
Asia 59,300 67,500 87,500 113,724 158,463
Oceania 20,000 24,800 30,100 36,658 61,085
Other 2,300 2,200 32,500 41,109 130,001
TOTAL 1,710,000 2,892,800 3,369,800 3,896,547 4,684,064

Source: Based on information from Africa South of the Sahara, 1996, London, 1995, 882.

Table 16. Political Party Representation in National Government, 1995

Political Party Executive Legislature
  President Deputy Presidents Cabinet National Assembly Senate
African National Congress 1 1 18 252 60
National Party -- 1 6 82 17
Inkatha Freedom Party -- -- 3 43 5
Freedom Front -- -- -- 9 5
Democratic Party -- -- -- 7 3
Pan-Africanist Congress -- -- -- 5 --
African Christian Democratic Party -- -- -- 2 --

Table 17. Political Party Representation in Provincial Government: Executive Officials, 1995

Province Premier Executive Council
    ANC NP IFP FF
Eastern Cape ANC 9 1 -- --
Free State ANC 9 1 -- --
Gauteng ANC 7 3 -- --
KwaZulu-Natal IFP 3 1 6 --
Mpumalanga ANC 9 1 -- --
Northern Cape ANC 5 4 -- 1
Northern Province ANC 9 -- -- 1
North-West Province ANC 9 1 -- --
Western Cape NP 4 6 -- --

Table 18. Political Party Representation in Provincial Government: Legislative Assemblies, 1995

Province Political Party Total
  ANC NP IFP FF DP PAC ACDP Min  
Eastern Cape 48 6 -- 1 -- 1 -- -- 56
Free State 24 4 -- 2 -- -- -- -- 30
Gauteng 50 21 3 5 5 1 1   86
KwaZulu-Natal 26 9 41 -- 2 1 1 1 81
Mpumalanga 25 3 -- 2 -- -- -- -- 30
Northern Cape 15 12 -- 2 1 -- -- -- 30
Northern Province 38 1 -- 1 -- -- -- -- 40
North-West 26 3 -- 1 -- -- -- -- 30
Western Cape 14 23 -- 1 3 -- 1 -- 42

Table 19. Major Newspapers, 1995

Newspaper Place of Publication Frequency Language Circulation
The Argus Cape Town Daily English 82,774
Beeld (Image) Johannesburg Daily Afrikaans 111,958
Die Burger (The Citizen) Cape Town Daily Afrikaans 94,193
Business Day Johannesburg Daily English 37,085
The Cape Times Cape Town Daily English 48,685
The Citizen Johannesburg Daily English 136,848
City Press Johnannesburg Weekly English 261,057
Daily Dispatch East London Daily English 37,485
The Daily News Durban Daily English 75,960
Diamond Fields Advertiser Kimberley Daily English 8,000
EP Herald Port Elizabeth Daily English 30,484
Evening Post Port Elizabeth Daily English 16,827
Ilanga (The Sun) Durban Biweekly Zulu 125,761
Imvo Zabantsundu (Voice of the Black People) King William's Town Weekly Xhosa1 14,401
The Natal Mercury Durban Daily English 42,690
The Natal Witness Pietermaritzburg Daily English 27,500
Post (Natal) Durban Weekly English 47,667
The Pretoria News Pretoria Daily English 23,006
Rapport (Dispatch) Johannesburg Weekly Afrikaans 375,723
Sowetan Johannesburg Daily English 207,849
The Star Johannesburg Daily English 165,171
Sunday Nation Johannesburg Weekly English 49,300
Sunday Times Johannesburg Weekly English 467,745
Sunday Tribune Durban Weekly English 115,418
Umafrika Marianhill Weekly Zulu 40,500
Die Volksblad (The People's Paper) Bloemfontein Daily Afrikaans 21,453
Weekly Mail Johannesburg Weekly English 28,220

Source: Based on information from South Africa, South African Communication Service, South Africa Yearbook, 1995, Pretoria, 1996, 296; and Financial Mail [Johannesburg], February 23, 1996, 85.

Table 20. Composition of South African National Defence Force, 1996

Service Active Duty Reserve
Army 118,000 377,000
Air Force 8,400 20,000
Navy 5,500 1,700
Medical Service 6,000 n.a.
TOTAL 137,900 398,700

Source: Based on information from The Military Balance, 1996-1997, London, 1996, 264-65.

Table 21. Major Army Equipment, 1996

Type and Description Country of Origin In Inventory
Main battle tanks Olifant 1A and 1B South Africa Approximately 250
Tank technology demonstrator South Africa Being developed
Armored reconnaissance vehicles    
Eland-60 and -90 South Africa 1,100
Rooikat-76 South Africa 160
Armored infantry fighting vehicles    
Ratel-20, -60, and -90 South Africa 1,500
Armored personnel carriers    
Buffel, Casspir South Africa 1,500
Mamba South Africa 160+
Towed artillery    
G-1 (88mm) South Africa 30
G-2 (140mm) South Africa 75
G-4 (155mm) South Africa n.a.
G-5 (155mm howitzer) South Africa 75
Self-propelled artillery    
G-6 (155mm howitzer) South Africa 20
Multiple rocket launchers    
Bataleur (127mm, 40-tube) South Africa 120
Valkiri-22 (self-propelled, 24-tube) South Africa 60
Valkiri-5 (towed) South Africa n.a.
Mortars    
M3 (81mm) South Africa 4,000
Brandt (120mm) South Africa 120+
Antitank guided weapons    
ZT-3 Swift South Africa n.a.
Milan South Africa n.a.
Rocket launchers    
FT-5 (92mm) n.a. n.a.
Recoilless launchers    
M-40A1 (106mm) n.a. n.a.
Air defense guns    
20mm, self-propelled n.a. 600
23mm, self-propelled n.a. 36
35mm South Africa 150
Surface-to-air missiles    
SA-7 and SA-14 Soviet Union n.a.

Source: Based on information from The Military Balance, 1996-1997, London, 1996, 264; and Jane's Defence Weekly [London], 23, No. 17, April 29, 1995, 23-41.

Table 22. Major Air Force Equipment, 1996

Type and Description Country of Origin In Inventory
Fighters, ground attack    
Mirage F-1AZ France 20
Impala II South Africa 75
Cheetah C South Africa 38
Cheetah E South Africa 11
Fighters    
Mirage F-1CZ France 11
Tanker/early warning    
Boeing 707-320 Israel 5
Transport aircraft    
C-130B United States 7
HS-125 and -400B Britain 3
Super King Air 200 United States 2
Citation United States 1
C-47 United States 19
Liaison/fighter aircraft    
Cessna 185 United States 24
Helicopters    
SA-316/-319 (some armed) France 63
SA-330 C/H/L Puma France 63
BK-117 -- 19
CSH-2 Rooivalk South Africa 121
Training aircraft    
C-47TP United States 12
Cheetah D South Africa 14
T-6G Harvard IIA/III United States 130
Impala I South Africa 114
Pilatus PC-7 Switzerland 60
SA-316/-330 helicopters France 37
Unmanned aerial vehicles    
Seeker n.a. n.a.
Scout n.a. n.a.
Missiles    
Air-to-surface    
AS-11/-20/-30 n.a. n.a.
Air-to-air    
R-530 n.a. n.a.
R-550 Magic n.a. n.a.
V-3C Darter n.a. n.a.
V-3A/B Kukri n.a. n.a.
AIM-9 Sidewinder n.a. n.a.
Python 3 n.a. n.a.
Ground equipment    
Armored personnel carriers (Rhino) South Africa n.a.
Radar    
Fixed n.a. 3
Mobile n.a. Several
Surface-to-air missiles    
Cactus (Crotale) n.a. 20
SA-8/-9/-13 n.a. n.a.

Source: Based on information from The Military Balance, 1996-1997, London, 1996, 241, 265; and A.D. Baker, comp., Combat Fleets of the World, 1995: Their Ships, Aircraft, and Armament, Annapolis, Maryland, 1995, 676-79.

Table 23. Major Naval Equipment, 1996

Type and Description Country of Origin In Inventory
Submarines    
Daphné class (550mm torpedo tube) France 3
Missile craft    
Minister class Israel 9
Inshore patrol craft    
Hydrofoils (Coastguard T2212 class) n.a. 3
Harbor craft (Namicurra class) n.a. 28
Mine warfare ships    
Coastal minesweepers (Ton class) Britain1 4
Minehunters (River class) n.a. 4
Support and miscellaneous    
Combat/logistic support vessels    
(Drakensberg) South Africa 1
(Outeniqua) Ukraine 1
Hydrographic survey vessel n.a. 1
Diving support vessel n.a. 1
Antarctic transport with two helicopters n.a. 1
Tugs n.a. 3
Frigates    
(1,500-ton to 1,800-ton) South Africa 4

Source: Based on information from The Military Balance, 1996-1997, London, 1996, 264-65.

Table 24. Defense Budget, 1995 and 1996 (in millions of rands)

Budget Allocation 1995 1996
Ground defense 3,687 3,095
Air defense 1,633 1,777
Maritime defense 649 686
Medical services 857 720
Command and control 397 420
General support 320 323
Special defense account 3,093 3,514
TOTAL 10,636 10,535
Percentage of GDP 3.4 2.2

Source: Based on information from Helmoed-Römer Heitman, "R2.9b Defence Budget Marks End to Decline," Jane's Defence Weekly [London], 23, No. 12, March 25, 1995, 5.

1. Estimated.
2. Persons per square kilometer.
3. n.a.--not available.
4. Postsecondary technical training.
5. --not applicable.
6. Mineral science and mining technology.
7. For value of the rand--see Glossary. Figures at factor cost and in constant 1990 prices.
8. Includes agriculture, forestry, fishing, mining, and quarrying.
9. Includes construction, electricity, gas, manufacturing, and water.
10. Includes accommodations, business services, catering, communications, community services, finance, insurance, real estate, social and personal services, storage, transport, and wholesale and retail trade.
11. Figures may not add to totals because of rounding.
12. In billions of rands at current market prices; for value of the rand--see Glossary.
13. In percentages.
14. In billions of rands at constant 1990 prices.
15. f.o.b.--free on board.
16. c.i.f.--cost, insurance, and freight.
17. Includes gold.
18. In rands per United States dollar; annual average.
19. In millions.
20. For years ending March 31.
21. For value of the rand--see Glossary.
22. Estimated.
23. For years ending March 31. Figures may not add to totals because of rounding.
24. In millions of rands; for value of the rand--see Glossary.
25. Includes sewage and sanitation services.
26. For value of the rand--see Glossary.
27. Preliminary figures.
28. For value of the rand--see Glossary.
29. Preliminary figures.
30. Total labor force estimated at 12.5 million, excluding agriculture, forestry, and fishing.
31. In thousands of carats.
32. In tons.
33. n.a.--not available.
34. Initial estimates.
35. In millions of tons.
36. In millions of cigarettes.
37. n.a.--not available.
38. In millions of kilowatt-hours.
39. In millions of liters.
40. In thousands.
41. In thousands of tons.
42. In thousands of hectoliters.
43. Plus one nonpartisan portfolio.
44. African National Congress.
45. National Party.
46. Inkatha Freedom Party.
47. Freedom Front.
48. African National Congress.
49. National Party.
50. Inkatha Freedom Party.
51. Freedom Front.
52. Democratic Party.
53. Pan-Africanist Congress.
54. African Christian Democratic Party.
55. Minority Front.
56. Some articles are in English.
57. Reorganization incomplete.
58. Excluding Commandos (estimated 76,000).
59. n.a.--not available.
60. Olifant 1A and 1B manufactured in South Africa; derived from Centurion (Britain).
61. n.a.--not available.
62. Some captured in regional conflicts.
63. Some on order.
64. Some acquired from former "independent" homelands.
65. n.a.--not available.
66. Modified.
67. n.a.--not available.
68. Construction to begin late 1990s.
69. Years ending March 31.
70. For value of the rand--see Glossary.
71. GDP--gross domestic product.