Appendix A. Tables

Table 1. Metric Conversion Coofficients and Factors


When you kow	Multiply by	To find
Millimeters	0.04	inches
Centimeters	0.39	inches
Meters	3.3	feet
Kilometers	0.62	miles
Hectares	2.47	acres
Square kilometers	0.39	square miles
Cubic meters	35.3	cubic feet
Liters	0.26	gallons
Kilograms	2.2	pounds
Metric tons	0.98	long tons
	1.1	short tons
	2,204	pounds
Degrees Celsius (Centigrade)	1.8 and add 32	degrees Fahrenheit

Table 2. Population Estimates and Projections, Selected Years, 1940-2010

**(in millions)**
Year	Population
1940	10.4
1950	13.1
1960	16.2
1970	21.4
1980	27.4
19841	29.7
19862	31.5
19872	32.5
19882	33.5
19892	34.5
19902	35.6
1991	37.8
1992	39.1
2000	43.0
2010	54.1

1As per last census, July 1984; exact count was 29,671,407.
2Official mid-year estimate.

Source: Based on information from Encyclopedia of the Third World (4th ed.) (Ed., George Thomas Kurian), New York, 1992, 2134; United States, Central Intelligence Agency, The World Factbook 1991, Washington, 1991, 345; and United States, Central Intelligence Agency, The World Factbook 1992, Washington, 1992, 379.

Table 3. Average Annual Population Growth Rate, Selected Years, 1950-92

**(in percentages)**
Years	Growth Rate
1950-55	2.3
1955-60	2.4
1960-65	1.9
1965-70	2.1
1970-75	2.8
1975-80	3.3
1980-85	3.0
1985-90	3.2
1991	3.3
1992	3.3

Table 4. Demographic Indicators, Selected Years, 1965-92

Indicator	1965	1975-80	1980-85	1985-90	1991	1992
Crude Birth Rate (per 1,000 population)	47.0	45.8	45.3	45.6	46	45
Crude Death Rate (per 1,000 population)	21.0	17.2	15.8	14.2	13	13
Infant Mortality Rate (per 1,000 live births)	140.0	n.a.	n.a.	103^*	99	97
Total Fertility Rate
(Number of children born/woman)	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	6.2	6.1
Life Expectancy (in years)
Males	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	51^*	52	52
Females	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	55^*	56	56

n.a.--Not available.
*Estimate for 1990 only.

Source: Based on information from United Nations, World Population Prospects as Assessed in 1990, New York, 1990; United States, Central Intelligence Agency, The World Factbook 1991, Washington, 1991, 345; and United States, Central Intelligence Agency, The World Factbook 1992, Washington, 1992, 379.

Table 5. Area, Population, and Inhabitants per Square Kilometer, by Region, 1970 and 1984

Region	Area	Population		Inhabitants
	(in square kilometers)	(in thousands)		(per square kilometer)
		1970	1984	1970	1984
Bandundu	295,658	2,601	3,683	8.8	12.5
Bas-Zaïre	54,078	1,504	1,972	27.8	36.5
Équateur	403,292	2,432	3,406	6.0	8.4
Haut-Zaïre	503,239	3,356	4,206	6.7	8.4
Kasai-Occidental	156,967	2,434	2,287	15.5	14.6
Kasai-Oriental	168,216	1,872	2,403	11.1	14.3
Kinshasa	9,965	1,323	2,654	132.8	266.3
Kivu	256,803	3,362	5,188	13.1	20.2
Shaba	496,877	2,754	3,874	5.5	7.8

Source: Based on information from Federal Republic of Germany, Statistisches Bundesamt, Länderbericht Zaïre 1990, Wiesbaden, 1990, 24; and Zaire, Département du plan, Institut national de la statistique, Le Zaïre en chiffres, Kinshasa, 1988, 14.

Table 6. Annual Population Growth Rates per Thousand, by Region, 1938-48 to 1970-84*

Region	1938-48	1948-58	1958- 70	1970-84**
Bandundu	.6	2.7	2.7	2.5
Bas-Zaïre	1.9	1.7	3.8	2.5
Équateur	.2	1.2	2.3	2.7
Haut-Zaïre	-.4	1.0	2.1	2.1
Kasai-Occidental	-.4	1.7	2.7	2.3
Kasai-Oriental	-.4	1.0	4.2	3.4
Kinshasa	12.2	11.4	9.8	6.2
Kivu	1.6	3.6	3.2	3.4
Shaba	1.8	2.9	3.7	3.2
TOTAL ZAIRE	0.6	2.2	3.2	3.0

*Based on data from censuses of 1938, 1948, 1958, 1970, and 1984.
**Projected.

Source: Based on information from Joseph Boute and Léon de Saint Moulin, Perspectives démographiques régionales, 1975-1985, Kinshasa, 1978.

Table 7. Population of Major Cities, 1970 and 1985

**(in thousands)**
City	1970	1985
Bukavu	135	418
Kananga	429	938
Kikwit	112	346
Kinshasa	1,323	2,796
Kisangani	230	557
Lubumbashi	318	765
Matadi	110	216
Mbandaka	108	294
Mbuji-Mayi	256	625

Source: Based on information from Federal Republic of Germany, Statistisches Bundesamt, Länderbericht Zaïre 1990, Wiesbaden, 1990, 25.

Table 8. Number of Students, Teachers, and Classes or Institutions, by Level of Education, 1983-84, 1984-85, and 1985- 86

Level	1983-84	1984-85	1985- 86
Primary
Students: Boys	2,663,903	2,736,515	2,810,707
Girls	1,990,710	2,084,051	2,182,816
TOTAL	4,654,613	4,820,566	4,993,523
Teachers	112,077	156,631	161,925
Classes	112,056	141,943	149,753
Secondary
Students: Boys	1,541,526	1,864,117	2,528,000
Girls	610,374	756,258	940,051
TOTAL	2,151,900	2,620,375	3,468,051*
of which
Normal School	365,823	445,464	543,668
Technical and Professional	215,190	262,037	319,205
General	1,570,887	1,912,874	2,334,578
Teachers	43,459	47,086	47,952
Classes	27,609	26,844	29,213
Higher Education
Students
Universities	12,896	13,540	16,239
Teaching Institutes	10,670	10,338	10,928
Technical Institutes	14,814	14,778	13,711
TOTAL	38,380	38,656	40,878
Teachers	2,568	2,581	3,803
Institutions
Universities	3	3	3
Teaching Institutes	14	14	14
Technical Institutes	18	18	18
TOTAL	35	35	35

*As published.

Source: Based on information from Zaire, Département du plan, Institut de la statistique, Le Zaïre en chiffres, Kinshasa, 1988, 19.

Table 9. Number of Health Facilities and Personnel by Region, 1985

Region	Health Facilities	Hospital Beds	Doctors	Other Medical Personnel	Beds per 1,000 Inhabitants	Inhabitants per Doctor
Bandundu	816	8,676	56	1,171	2.3	67,580
Bas-Zaïre	622	6,592	73	1,021	3.3	27,700
Équateur	850	8,646	80	944	2.5	43,590
Haut-Zaïre	792	9,829	117	758	2.3	36,866
Kasai-Occidental	441	5,026	54	731	2.2	42,906
Kasai-Oriental	249	3,405	63	743	1.4	39,075
Kinshasa	326	5,273	696	3,052	1.9	4,031
Kivu	710	7,593	96	717	1.4	56,124
Shaba	477	9,031	83	634	2.3	48,068
TOTAL Zaire	5,283	64,071	1,318	9,771	2.1	23,193

Source: Based on information from Zaire, Département du plan, Institut de la statistique, Le Zaïre en chiffres, Kinshasa, 1988, 18.

Table 10. Methods of Contraception Used in Urban Areas, 1984- 87

**(in percentages)**
Method	1984	1985	1986	198 7
Pill	41	40	45	38
Injectable	24	25	23	17
Intrauterine device (IUD)	8	8	9	7
Condom	11	11	10	25
Sterilization	3	1	2	1
Spermicide	12	13	10	11
Other	1	2	1	1

Source: Based on information provided by the Project for Planned Birth Services (Projet des Services des Naissances Désirables-- PSND), Bureau of Statistics, Kinshasa, 1988.

Table 11. Agricultural Production, 1988-91

**(in thousands of tons)**
Product	1988	1989	1990	19 91
Grains
Corn	816	846	870*	906
Millet	30	31	31*	31
Rice (paddy)	329	341	345*	365
Sorghum	45	47	50*	49
Wheat	35	35	n.a.	n.a.
Total grains	1,255	1,300	1,296*	1,351
Tubers
Cassava (manioc)	17,000	17,400	17,600*	18,227
Potatoes	32	33	33*	34*
Sweet potatoes	368	373	375*	377*
Taro (coco yam)	37	38	40*	42*
Yams	265	266	280*	300*
Total tubers	17,702	18,110	18,328*	18,980*
Vegetables
Cabbages	25*	25*	27*	28*
Onions (dry)	29	30*	31*	31*
Peanuts	420	425	430*	435
Pumpkins	40*	40*	40*	42*
Tomatoes	38	39	40	40*
Total vegetables	552*	559*	568*	576*
Oils
Cottonseed	50*	50*	50*	50
Palm kernel	74*	74*	74*	75*
Palm oil	178	178	n.a.	n.a.
Total oils	302*	302*	124*	125*
Fruits
Avocados	44	45	45*	46*
Bananas	403	404	404*	405*
Grapefruit	12*	13*	13*	14*
Mangoes	205	208	208*	210*
Oranges	150*	152*	153*	155*
Pineapples	136	142	143*	145*
Plantains	1,799	1,800	1,800*	1,820*
Total fruits	2,749*	2,764*	2,766*	2,795*
Beverages
Cocoa beans	6	7	5*	4
Coffee (green)	99	107	120*	102*
Tea	3	3	3*	3*
Total beverages	108	117	128*	109*
Other
Cotton (lint)	26*	26*	26*	26*
Rubber	17	24*	10*	10*
Sugarcane	1,150*	1,150*	1,180*	1,180*
Tobacco	3	3	4*	4*
Total other	1,196*	1,203*	1,220*	1,220*

*Estimate.
n.a.--not available.

Source: Based on information from Africa South of the Sahara, 1993, London, 1992, 927; Africa South of the Sahara, 1994, London, 1993, 957; and Europa World Yearbook, 1993, 2, London, 1993, 3258.

Table 12. Trade and Current Account Balance, 1985-91

**(in millions of United States dollars)**
	1985	1986	1987	1988	1989	1990	1991
Exports*	1,853	1,844	1,731	2,178	2,201	2,138	1,500
Imports*	1,247	1,283	1,376	1,645	1,683	1,539	1,200
Trade balance	606	561	355	533	518	599	300
Current account balance	-215	-400	-644	- 762	-611	-643	-850

*free on board (fob).

Source: Based on information from various issues of Economist Intelligence Unit, Country Report: Zaire, Rwanda, Burundi, London, 1987-92.

Table 13. Value of Principal Exports, 1990

**(in millions of United States dollars)**
Product	Value*
Copper and cobalt	1,001
Crude petroleum	227
Diamonds	240

*Does not include informal-sector exports and smuggling.

Source: Based on information from Economist Intelligence Unit, Country Report: Zaire, Rwanda, Burundi, No. 2, London, 1992, 3.

Table 14. Value of Principal Imports, 1988

**(in millions of United States dollars)**
Product	Value
Imports for Gécamines*	362
Petroleum products	169
Food, beverages, and tobacco	147
Transport equipment	95

*Gécamines--General Quarries and Mines (Générale des Carrières et des Mines).

Source: Based on information from Economist Intelligence Unit, Country Report: Zaire, Rwanda, Burundi, No. 2, London, 1992, 3.

Table 15. Main Trading Partners, 1990

**(in percentage of total value)**
Destination of exports	Percentage
Belgium/Luxembourg	56.0
United States	12.9
France	7.1
Germany	6.4
Other	20.6
Total*	100.0
Origin of imports
Belgium/Luxembourg	27.6
France	12.3
Germany	10.8
United States	10.6
Other	38.7
Total*	100.0

*Totals may not add to 100 because of rounding.

Source: Based on information from various issues of Economist Intelligence Unit, Country Report: Zaire, Rwanda, Burundi, London, 1990-92.

Table 16. Major Army Equipment, 1993

Description	Country of Origin	Inventory
Main battle tanks
T-62 medium	China	40
T-59 medium	-do-	20
M-60 medium	United States	10
AMX-13 light1	France	13
Armored reconnaissance vehicles
AML-60 Panhard	-do-	30
AML-90	-do-	30
FERRET	Britain	28
Armored personnel carriers
M-113
M-113A	United States	12
M-3A1	-do-	60
YW-531	n.a.	12
K-63	China	12
BTR-60	(former) Soviet Union	15
BTR-152	-do-	250
Fahd2	Egypt	n.a.
VAB1	France	12
Towed artillery
75mm: M-116	United States	30
85mm: T-56	China	20
122mm: M-1938/D-30	(former) Soviet Union	20
T-60	China	15
130mm: T-59	-do-	8
Multiple rocket launchers
107mm: T-63	China	20
122mm: BM-21	n.a.	10
Mortars
81mm:	Belgium	n.a.
107mm: M-30	United States	n.a.
120mm: Brandt	France	50
Recoilless launchers
57mm: M-18	United States	n.a.
75mm: M-20	-do-	n.a.
106mm: M-40A1	-do-	n.a.
Antiaircraft guns
14.5mm: ZPU-4	China	n.a.
20mm:	n.a.	n.a.
37mm: M-1939/Type 63	China	40
40mm: L/60	Canada	n.a.
Surface-to-air missiles
SA-7 Grail	(former) Soviet Union	n.a.
Surface-to-surface missiles
SS-11 Gadfly	-do-	n.a.
AT-1 Snapper	-do-	n.a.

n.a.--not available.
1Ordered in 1989; status undetermined in 1993.
2Used by Civil Guard.

Source: Based on information from The Military Balance, 1993- 1994, 1993, 221.

Table 17. Major Navy Equipment, 1993

Description	Country of Origin	Inventory
Fast Patrol Craft (Inshore)
Shanghai II PFI	China	2
Huchuan	-do-	4
Torpedo Boats
P-4	North Korea	3
Coastal Patrol Craft
Swift MkII	United States	2
Arcoa	France	18

n.a.--not available.

Source: Based on information from The Military Balance, 1993- 1994, 1993, 221.

Table 18. Major Air Force Equipment, 1993

Description	Country of Origin	Inventory
Fighters Ground Attack
Mirage 5M	France	7
Mirage 5DM7	-do-	1
Counterinsurgency aircraft
MB-326 GB	Italy	8
MB-326 K	-do-	6
AT-6G	United States	6
FTB-337 Cessna	-do-	20
Transport aircraft
Boeing 707-320	-do-	1
Boeing 727-30	-do-	1
BN-2A Islander	Britain	1
C-46 Commando	United States	2
C-47 Dakota	-do-	8
C-130H Hercules	-do-	5
DHC-5D Buffalo	Canada	3
DHC-6 Twin Otter	-do-	1
C-54 Skymaster	United States	4
DC-6	-do-	2
MU-2J	Japan	2
Merlin III	United States	1
Mystère-Falcon 20	France	1
F-27 Friendship	Netherlands	3
Helicopters
AS-332L Super Puma	France	1
SA-319 Alouette	-do-	4
SA-330 Puma	-do-	4
SA-321 Super Frelon	-do-	1
SA-350 Écureuil	-do-	n.a.
Bell 47G	United States	6
Liaison aircraft
Cessna 310R	-do-	6
Training aircraft
Cessna 150	-do-	12
Cessna 310	-do-	3
SF-260MC MZ Warrior	Italy	9

n.a.--not available.

Source: Based on information from The Military Balance, 1993- 1994, 1993, 221.