BOLIVIA - A Country Study
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BOLIVIA
Foreword
Acknowledgments
Preface
COUNTRY PROFILE
COUNTRY
GEOGRAPHY
SOCIETY
ECONOMY
TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATIONS
GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS
NATIONAL SECURITY:
INTRODUCTION
Chapter 1. Historical Setting
PRE-COLUMBIAN CIVILIZATIONS
CONQUEST AND COLONIAL RULE, 1532-1809
Conquest and Settlement
The Economy of Upper Peru
State, Church, and Society
INDEPENDENCE FROM SPAIN AND THE EARLY NATIONAL PERIOD, 1809-39
Struggle for Independence
Construction of Bolivia: Bolívar, Sucre, and Santa Cruz
POLITICAL INSTABILITY AND ECONOMIC DECLINE, 1839-79
FROM THE WAR OF THE PACIFIC TO THE CHACO WAR, 1879- 1935
War of the Pacific
Reconstruction and the Rule of the Conservatives
The Liberal Party and the Rise of Tin
The Republican Party and the Great Depression
The Chaco War
PRELUDE TO REVOLUTION, 1935-52
Radical Military Government
The Rise of New Political Groups
The "Sexenio," 1946-52
THE BOLIVIAN NATIONAL REVOLUTION, 1952-64
Radical Reforms
The Unfinished Revolution
MILITARY RULE, 1964-82
The Presidency of Barrientos
Revolutionary Nationalism: Ovando and Torres
The Banzer Regime
Transition to Democracy
Chapter 2. The Society and Its Environment
GEOGRAPHY
Natural Regions
Mountains and Altiplano
Yungas and Other Valleys
Lowlands
Climate
POPULATION AND REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION
ETHNIC GROUPS
Lowland Indians
Altiplano, Yungas, and Valley Indians
Mestizos and Cholos
Whites
SOCIAL ORGANIZATION
Rural Society
Urban Society
The Working Class
The Upper Class
The Middle Class
Family and Kin
MIGRATION AND URBANIZATION
Migration
Urbanization
RELIGION
EDUCATION
HEALTH AND SOCIAL SECURITY
Chapter 3. The Economy
GROWTH AND STRUCTURE OF THE ECONOMY
ECONOMIC POLICY
Fiscal Policy
Expenditures
Revenues
Monetary and Exchange Rate Policies
LABOR
Formal Sector
Informal Sector
AGRICULTURE
Land Tenure
Land Reform and Land Policy
Land Use
Crops
Food Crops
Cash Crops
Coca
Farming Technology
Livestock
Forestry and Fishing
ENERGY
Petroleum and Natural Gas
Electricity
MINING
Structure of the Mining Industry
Tin and Related Metals
Other Metals and Minerals
MANUFACTURING AND CONSTRUCTION
SERVICES
Banking and Financial Services
Transportation
Communications
Tourism
FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS
Foreign Trade
Balance of Payments
Debt
Foreign Assistance
Chapter 4. Government and Politics
CONSTITUTIONAL BACKGROUND
GOVERNMENTAL STRUCTURE
The Executive
The Legislature
The Judiciary
The Electoral System
Departmental and Local Government
POLITICAL DYNAMICS
The Legacy of the 1952 Revolution
The Tortuous Transition to Democracy
Democracy and Economic Stabilization
The 1989 Elections
Political Forces and Interest Groups
Political Parties
The Military
Organized Labor
The Peasantry
Regional Civic Committees
The Private Sector
The Media
FOREIGN RELATIONS
The United States
The Soviet Union
The Third World
Neighboring Countries
Membership in International Organizations
Chapter 5. National Security
EVOLUTION OF THE MILITARY ROLE IN SOCIETY AND GOVERNMENT
Early History
The Legacy of the Chaco War
Reorganization of the Armed Forces, 1952-66
The Counterinsurgency Decade
Military Intervention in Politics, 1970-85
THE ARMED FORCES
Mission and Organization
Army
Navy
Air Force
Civil Aeronautics
Civic Action
Defense Budget
MANPOWER AND TRAINING
Conscription
Ranks, Uniforms, and Insignia
Military Schools
Military Justice
FOREIGN MILITARY ASSISTANCE IN THE 1980s
The United States
Other Foreign Military Ties
THE SECURITY FORCES
Historical Background
Mission and Organization
Special Police Forces
Regional Police Structure
Recruitment and Training
THREATS TO INTERNAL SECURITY
Narcotics Trafficking
Narcoterrorism
Narcotics Corruption
Bilateral and Legislative Antinarcotics Measures
Antinarcotics Forces and Operations
Attitudes Toward Antinarcotics Forces
Subversive Groups
CRIME AND PUNISHMENT
The Criminal Justice System
General Procedures
Extradition
Impact of Narcotics Trafficking
The Penal System
Incidence of Crime
Appendix. Tables
Bibliography
Glossary