GHANA - A Country Study

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• GHANA
• Foreward
• Acknowledgments
• Preface
• Table A. Chronology of Important Events
• COUNTRY PROFILE
  • Country
  • Geography
  • SOCIETY
  • ECONOMY
  • TRANSPORTATION AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS
  • GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS
  • NATIONAL SECURITY
• Introduction
• Chapter 1. Historical Setting
  • THE PRECOLONIAL PERIOD
  • ARRIVAL OF THE EUROPEANS
    • Early European Contact and the Slave Trade
    • Britain and the Gold Coast: The Early Years
  • THE COLONIAL ERA: BRITISH RULE OF THE GOLD COAST
    • Colonial Administration
    • Economic and Social Development
  • THE GROWTH OF NATIONALISM AND THE END OF COLONIAL RULE
    • Early Manifestations of Nationalism
    • The Politics of the Independence Movements
  • INDEPENDENT GHANA
    • Nkrumah, Ghana, and Africa
    • The Growth of Opposition to Nkrumah
  • THE FALL OF THE NKRUMAH REGIME AND ITS AFTERMATH
    • The National Liberation Council and the Busia Years, 1966-71
    • The National Redemption Council Years, 1972-79
  • GHANA AND THE RAWLINGS ERA
    • The Second Coming of Rawlings: The First Six Years, 1982- 87
    • The District Assemblies
• Chapter 2. Society and Its Environment
  • PHYSICAL SETTING
    • Location and Size
    • Geographical Regions
      • The Low Plains
      • Ashanti Uplands
      • Akwapim-Togo Ranges
      • Volta Basin
      • The High Plains
    • Rivers and Lakes
    • Climate
  • POPULATION
    • Population Distribution
    • Urban-Rural Disparities
    • Family Planning
  • ETHNIC GROUPS AND LANGUAGES
    • Language Diversity
    • Major Ethnic Groups
      • The Akan Group
      • The Ewe
      • The Guan
      • The Peoples of the North
      • The Ga-Adangbe
      • The Central Togo
  • SOCIAL ORGANIZATION AND SOCIAL CHANGE
    • Traditional Patterns of Social Relations
    • Social Change
    • Urban Society
    • The Position of Women
  • RELIGION AND SOCIETY
    • Christianity and Islam in Ghana
    • Traditional Religion
    • Syncretic Religion
  • HEALTH AND WELFARE
    • Health Care
    • Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
  • SOCIAL WELFARE
  • EDUCATION
    • The Education System
    • Problems in Education
    • Adult Education
• Chapter 3. The Economy
  • HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
  • OVERVIEW OF THE CURRENT ECONOMY
  • STRUCTURE OF THE ECONOMY
    • Gross Domestic Product
    • Debt and Inflation
    • Trade
  • ROLE OF THE GOVERNMENT
    • The Economic Recovery Program
    • State Enterprises
    • Budgets
  • BANKING AND CURRENCY
    • Banking
    • Currency
  • LABOR FORCE
    • National Requirements
    • Income and Wages
  • AGRICULTURE
    • Cocoa
    • Other Commercial Crops
    • Food Crops and Livestock
    • Forestry
    • Fishing
  • MINING AND PETROLEUM INDUSTRIES
    • Gold
    • Diamonds
    • Manganese
    • Petroleum Exploration
  • MANUFACTURING AND TOURISM
    • Manufacturing
    • Electrical Power
    • Tourism
  • TRANSPORTATION AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS
    • Roads and Railroads
    • Ports and Shipping
    • Civil Aviation
    • Telecommunications
  • FOREIGN INVESTMENTS AND ASSISTANCE
    • Investment
    • Foreign Assistance and Loans
    • Balance of Trade and Payments
  • GROWTH TRENDS AND POTENTIAL
• Chapter 4. Government and Politics
  • THE PROVISIONAL NATIONAL DEFENCE COUNCIL
    • The Political Scene Under the PNDC
    • Revolutionary Organs
  • THE TRANSITION FROM MILITARY RULE TO DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENT
    • Political Ferment Under the PNDC
    • Interest Groups and National Politics
    • District Assembly Elections
    • Charting the Political Transition
    • Presidential Elections
    • Parliamentary Elections
  • THE FOURTH REPUBLIC
    • The 1992 Constitution
    • The Judiciary
    • The Civil Service
    • The Media
    • Regional and Local Government
  • POLITICAL DYNAMICS UNDER THE FOURTH REPUBLIC
    • Launching the Fourth Republic
    • Developing Democratic Institutions
  • FOREIGN RELATIONS
    • Guiding Principles and Objectives
    • Relations with Immediate African Neighbors
      • Togo and Côte d'Ivoire
      • Burkina
      • Nigeria
    • The Organization of African Unity and the Rest of Africa
    • Britain and the Commonwealth
    • The United States
    • Other Countries
    • International Organizations
  • FUTURE DEMOCRATIC PROSPECTS
• Chapter 5. National Security
  • INTERNATIONAL SECURITY CONCERNS
  • INTERNAL SECURITY CONCERNS
  • THE ARMED FORCES IN NATIONAL LIFE
    • The Armed Forces in the Past
      • The Asante Wars
      • World War I
      • World War II
    • The Development of the Modern Army
  • THE MILITARY AND THE GOVERNMENT
    • The National Liberation Council, 1966-69
    • The Acheampong Regime, 1972-78
    • The Akuffo Coup, 1978
    • The 1979 Coup and the First Rawlings Government
    • The 1981 Coup and the Second Rawlings Government
  • THE MILITARY AND THE ECONOMY
  • ARMED FORCES' MISSION, ORGANIZATION, AND STRENGTH
  • MILITARY MANPOWER, TRAINING, AND MORALE
    • Manpower
    • Training
    • Morale
    • Uniforms, Ranks, and Insignia
  • FOREIGN MILITARY ASSISTANCE
    • Britain
    • Canada
    • Soviet Union
    • German Democratic Republic
    • China
    • Israel
    • United States
    • Italy
    • Libya
  • STATE SECURITY SERVICES
  • CRIMINAL JUSTICE
    • Criminal Code and Courts
    • Prison System
  • HUMAN RIGHTS
  • MILITARY TRENDS
• Appendix. Tables
• Bibliography
• Glossary