EAST GERMANY - A Country Study

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• East Germany
• Foreword
• Acknowledgments
• Preface
• Table A. Chronology of Important Events
• COUNTRY PROFILE
  • COUNTRY
  • GEOGRAPHY
  • SOCIETY
  • ECONOMY
  • TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATIONS
  • GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS
  • NATIONAL SECURITY
• Introduction
• Chapter 1. Historical Setting
  • EARLY HISTORY
    • Ancient Period
    • Medieval Germany
      • Merovingian Dynasty, ca. 500-751
      • Carolingian Empire, 752 - 911
      • Saxon Dynasty, 919 - 1024
      • Salian Dynasty, 1024 - 1125
      • Hohenstaufen Dynasty, 1138 - 1254
      • Early Habsburg Dynasty
    • The Reformation and the Thirty Years' War
    • The End of the Holy Roman Empire and the Rise of Prussia
  • GERMAN CONFEDERATION
    • Age of Metternich
    • Liberal Reform Movement
    • Bismarck and Unification
  • IMPERIAL GERMANY
    • Political Consolidation
    • Bismarck's Fall
    • Industrial Expansion
    • Wilhelmine Era
    • World War I
  • WEIMAR REPUBLIC (1918-33)
    • Weimar Constitution
    • Problems of Parliamentary Politics
    • Stresemann Era
    • Weimar Culture
    • Hitler and the Rise of National Socialism
  • THIRD REICH
    • Consolidation of Power
    • Mobilization for War
    • Foreign Policy
    • World War II
    • Holocaust
    • Internal Resistance
  • GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC
    • Postwar Government
    • Integration into the Soviet System
    • Collectivization and Nationalization of Agriculture and Industry
    • New Economic System
    • Ulbricht Versus Détente
    • Honecker and East-West Rapprochement
    • Two Germanies
    • Tenth Party Congress
• Chapter 2. The Society and Its Environment
  • PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
    • Boundaries
    • Topography
  • POPULATION
    • Historical Trends
    • Population Structure and Dynamics
    • Settlement Patterns
  • THE GERMAN PEOPLE
    • Origins, Language, and Culture
    • The German Question Today: One Nation or Two?
      • Official Policy
      • Development of an East German National Identity
      • Public Attitudes on National Identity
    • Minority Groups
  • SOCIAL STRUCTURE
    • The Working Class
      • Housing
      • Health and Welfare
      • Wages and Prices
    • The Political Elite
    • The Creative Intelligentsia
    • The Technical Intelligentsia
  • INSTITUTIONS AND ORGANS OF SOCIETY
    • The Family
    • Mass Organizations
      • Workers and the Free German Trade Union Federation
      • Young People and the Free German Youth
      • Women and the Democratic Women's League of Germany
    • The Educational System
    • Religion and Religious Organizations
  • DISSENT
• Chapter 3. The Economy
  • RESOURCE BASE
  • LABOR FORCE
  • ECONOMIC STRUCTURE AND ITS CONTROL MECHANISMS
  • ECONOMIC POLICY AND PERFORMANCE
  • ECONOMIC SECTORS
    • Mining, Energy, and Industry
    • Agriculture
    • Transportation and Communications
  • BANKING, FINANCE, AND CURRENCY
  • FOREIGN TRADE
  • THE CONSUMER IN THE EAST GERMAN ECONOMY
  • THE FIVE-YEAR PLAN, 1986-90
• Chapter 4. Government and Politics
  • CONSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
    • Constitution of 1949
    • Constitution of 1968
    • Amendments of 1974
  • THE STATE APPARATUS
    • Council of Ministers
    • Council of State
    • Legislature
    • District and Local Government
    • Judiciary
  • THE SOCIALIST UNITY PARTY OF GERMANY
    • Ideology and Politics
    • Organization and Structure
    • Politburo
    • Secretariat
    • Central Committee
    • District and Local Party Levels
    • Selection and Training Procedures
    • Party Congresses
    • Alliance Policy
      • Christian Democratic Union
      • Liberal Democratic Party of Germany
      • Democratic Peasants' Party of Germany
      • National Democratic Party of Germany
    • The Party and the Media
    • Political Stability, Legitimation, and Succession
  • FOREIGN POLICY
    • Principles of Foreign Policy
    • Relations with the Soviet Union
      • Determinants of Policy Toward the Soviet Union
      • Joint East German-Soviet Relations with the West
      • Ideological and Political Collaboration
    • Relations with West Germany
    • Policy Toward the Third World
    • Policy Toward the Industrial West
      • France
      • The United States
• Chapter 5. National Security
  • THE SOVIET ZONE OF OCCUPATION
    • The Soviet Military Administration
    • Foundation of the People's Police
  • THE REPUBLIC
    • Ministry of the Interior and the Soviet Control Commission
    • Creation of the National Defense Forces under the Ministry of the Interior
    • Creation of the Ministry of State Security
    • Uprising
    • The Establishment of the Ministry of Defense
    • East Germany Joins the Warsaw Pact
    • Crisis Control
    • The National Security System and the Citizen
      • Civil Defense
      • Socialist Military Education
      • Premilitary Training by Mass Organizations
      • Conscientious Objection to Military Service
    • The National People's Army and the Third World
  • ARMED FORCES
    • Missions and Roles
    • Ministry of Defense
    • Ground Forces
    • People's Navy
    • Air Force/Air Defense Force
    • Border Troops
    • Uniforms, Decorations, and Insignia
    • Military Traditions and Ceremonies
    • Conditions of Service
    • Reserves and Mobilization
    • The Group of Soviet Forces in Germany
  • PARAMILITARY FORCES
    • Agencies of the Ministry of the Interior
    • Agencies of the Ministry of State Security
    • The Working-Class Combat Groups
    • Civil Defense
  • CRIME AND PUNISHMENT
    • Public Order and Mass Participation
    • The Legal System
    • The Court System
    • Penal Institutions
    • Penal Code
    • Criminal Behavior
• Appendices
  • Appendix B. The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance
  • Appendix C. The Warsaw Pact
• Bibliography
• Glossary