INDONESIA - A Country Study

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• INDONESIA
• Foreword
• Acknowledgments
• Preface
• COUNTRY PROFILE
  • COUNTRY
  • GEOGRAPHY
  • SOCIETY
  • ECONOMY
  • TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATIONS
  • GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS
  • NATIONAL SECURITY
• Introduction
• Chapter 1. Historical Setting
  • EARLY HISTORY
    • The Spread of Indian Civilization
    • Indianized Empires
  • THE COMING OF ISLAM
  • EUROPEAN INTRUSIONS
    • The United East India Company
    • The Dutch on Java, 1619-1755
    • VOC Bankruptcy and the British Occupation
  • THE NETHERLANDS INDIES EMPIRE
    • The Java War and Cultivation System
    • Dutch Expansion in Sumatra and the Eastern Archipelago
    • Colonial Economy and Society, 1870-1940
  • THE GROWTH OF NATIONAL CONSCIOUSNESS
    • The Ethical Policy
    • Early Political Movements
    • Sukarno and the Nationalist Movement
  • WORLD WAR II AND THE STRUGGLE FOR INDEPENDENCE, 1942-50
    • The Japanese Occupation, 1942-45
    • The National Revolution, 1945-50
  • INDEPENDENCE: THE FIRST PHASES, 1950-65
    • Guided Democracy
    • Years of Living Dangerously
    • Sukarno's Foreign Policy
    • The Coup and its Aftermath
  • THE NEW ORDER UNDER SUHARTO
    • The State and Economic Development
    • The Pancasila and Political Parties
    • Territorial Continuity: Irian Jaya and East Timor
    • Foreign Policy under Suharto
• Chapter 2. The Society and Its Environment
  • THE GEOGRAPHIC CONTEXT
    • Geographic Regions
    • Climate
    • Environmental Concerns
    • National Territory: Rights and Responsibilities
  • THE EMERGING FRAMEWORK FOR THE INDONESIAN NATION
    • Population
    • Urbanization
    • Migration
  • SOCIAL CLASSES
  • RELIGION AND WORLDVIEW
    • Islam
    • Christianity
    • Hinduism
    • Buddhism
  • THE EMERGING NATIONAL CULTURE
    • Living Environments
    • Language
    • Food, Clothing, and Popular Culture
  • SOURCES OF LOCAL IDENTIFICATION
    • Tradition and Multiethnicity
    • Javanese
    • Sundanese
    • Balinese
    • Peoples of Sumatra
      • Acehnese
      • Batak
      • Minangkabau
    • Ethnic Minorities
      • Toraja
      • Dayak
      • Weyewa
      • Tanimbarese
      • Asmat
      • Chinese
  • EDUCATION
    • Primary and Secondary Education
    • Islamic Schools
    • Higher Education
  • HEALTH
    • Services and Infrastructure
    • Government Support
    • Traditional and Modern Health Practices
    • Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
    • Pharmaceuticals
    • Public Sanitation
• Chapter 3. The Economy
  • ROLE OF GOVERNMENT
    • The Politics of Economic Reform
    • Financial Reform
    • Trade and Industrial Reform
  • GOVERNMENT FINANCE
    • Central Government Budget
    • Monetary and Exchange Rate Policy
  • FOREIGN AID, TRADE, AND PAYMENTS
    • Aid and Trade Policies
    • Direction of Trade
  • EMPLOYMENT AND INCOME
  • AGRICULTURE
    • Development Trends
    • Land Use and Ownership
    • Economic Benefits and the Transmigration Program
    • Food Crops
      • Rice
      • Corn and other Food Crops
    • Estate Crops
    • Livestock
    • Fishing
    • Forestry
  • INDUSTRY
    • New Order Developments
    • Foreign Inputs
    • Small-scale Industry
    • Regional Industrial Development
  • MINERALS
    • Petroleum, Liquefied Natural Gas, and Coal
      • Petroleum
      • Liquefied Natural Gas
      • Coal
    • Other Minerals
      • Tin
      • Nickel
      • Copper
      • Gold
      • Bauxite
  • INFRASTRUCTURE AND SERVICES
    • Transportation
      • Roads
      • Shipping
      • Civil Aviation
      • Railroads
    • Post and Telecommunications
    • Electric Power
• Chapter 4. Government and Politics
  • THE POLITICAL DEBATE
  • THE CONSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
  • THE STRUCTURE OF GOVERNMENT
    • Legislative Bodies
      • People's Consultative Assembly (MPR)
      • House of People's Representatives (DPR)
    • The Executive
      • The President
      • The Cabinet
      • The Supreme Advisory Council and the State Audit Board
    • The Judiciary
    • Local Government
      • Aceh
      • Irian Jaya
      • East Timor
  • POLITICAL CULTURE
    • Traditional Political Culture
    • Islamic Political Culture
    • Modern Political Culture
    • Pancasila: The State Ideology
  • THE POLITICAL PROCESS
    • Political Parties
      • The Multiparty System
      • Golkar
      • United Development Party (PPP)
      • Indonesian Democratic Party (PDI)
    • Elections
    • Political Dynamics
      • Openness
      • Islam
      • ABRI
      • Nongovernment Organizations (NGOs)
  • THE MEDIA
  • FOREIGN POLICY
    • Political Considerations
    • Human Rights and Foreign Policy
    • Participation in ASEAN
    • Indonesia, ASEAN, and the Third Indochina War
    • Relations with Neighboring Nations
      • Papua New Guinea
      • Singapore and Malaysia
      • Australia
      • The Philippines
    • Relations with East Asia
      • China
      • Japan
    • Relations with the United States
• Chapter 5. National Security
  • THE PURSUIT OF PUBLIC ORDER
  • HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
  • THE ARMED FORCES IN THE NATIONAL LIFE
    • Political and Administrative Role
    • Participation in the Economy
    • National Defense and Internal Security
      • Total People's Defense
      • East Timor
      • Southeast Asia
    • Defense Spending and Defense Industry
    • Personnel
    • Leadership Transition
  • ORGANIZATION AND EQUIPMENT OF THE ARMED FORCES
    • Administrative and Command Structure
    • Military Education
    • The Army
    • The Navy
    • The Air Force
    • The National Police
    • Conditions of Service
    • Women in the Armed Forces
    • Uniforms, Ranks, and Insignia
  • FOREIGN MILITARY RELATIONS
  • SECURITY AND INTELLIGENCE AGENCIES
  • THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM
    • Crime and Political Offenses
    • Criminal Law
    • The Administration of Criminal Justice
    • The Penal System
    • Narcotics and Counternarcotics Operations
• Appendix. Tables
• Bibliography
• Glossary