PHILIPPINES - A Country Study

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• Philippines
• FOREWORD
• ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
• PREFACE
• COUNTRY PROFILE
  • COUNTRY
  • GEOGRAPHY
  • SOCIETY
  • ECONOMY
  • TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATIONS
  • GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS
  • NATIONAL SECURITY
• Introduction
• Chapter 1. Historical Setting
  • EARLY HISTORY
  • THE EARLY SPANISH PERIOD, 1521-1762
  • THE DECLINE OF SPANISH RULE, 1762-1898
    • Trade with Europe and America
    • Chinese and Chinese Mestizos
    • The Friarocracy
    • The Development of a National Consciousness
    • José Rizal and the Propaganda Movement
    • The Katipunan
    • The 1896 Uprising and Rizal's Execution
  • SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR AND PHILIPPINE RESISTANCE
    • Outbreak of War, 1898
    • The Malolos Constitution and the Treaty of Paris
    • War of Resistance
  • THE FIRST PHASE OF UNITED STATES RULE, 1898-1935
    • A Collaborative Philippine Leadership
    • The Jones Act
    • Economic and Social Developments
      • The Tenancy Problem
      • Resistance Movements
  • THE COMMONWEALTH AND THE JAPANESE OCCUPATION
    • Commonwealth Politics, 1935-41
    • World War II, 1941-45
  • INDEPENDENCE AND CONSTITUTIONAL GOVERNMENT, 1945-72
    • Economic Relations with the United States after Independence
    • Security Agreements
    • The Huk Rebellion
    • The Magsaysay, Garcia, and Macapagal Administrations, 1953- 65
    • Marcos and the Road to Martial Law, 1965-72
    • Proclamation 1081 and Martial Law
      • The New Society
      • Crony Capitalism
    • From Aquino's Assassination to People's Power
      • The Old Political Opposition
      • The Catholic Church
      • The Business Elite
      • The Left
      • The Armed Forces
      • United States Reactions
      • The Snap Election and Marcos's Ouster
• Chapter 2. The Society and Its Environment
  • PHYSICAL SETTING
  • THE CLIMATE
  • POPULATION
    • Population Growth
    • Migration
    • Population Control
  • ETHNICITY, REGIONALISM, AND LANGUAGE
    • Historical Development of Ethnic Identities
    • Language Diversity and Uniformity
    • The Lowland Christian Population
    • Muslim Filipinos
    • Upland Tribal Groups
    • The Chinese
  • SOCIAL VALUES AND ORGANIZATION
  • RURAL SOCIAL PATTERNS
  • URBAN SOCIAL PATTERNS
  • THE ROLE AND STATUS OF THE FILIPINA
  • RELIGIOUS LIFE
    • Historical Background
    • Roman Catholicism
    • Indigenous Christian Churches
      • Iglesia Filipina Independiente
      • Iglesia ni Kristo
    • Protestantism
    • Islam
    • Ecumenical Developments
    • Church and State
  • EDUCATION
    • Historical Background
    • Education in the Modern Period
  • HEALTH AND LIVING STANDARDS
• Chapter 3. The Economy
  • POLITICAL ECONOMY OF DEVELOPMENT
    • Economic Development Until 1970
    • Martial Law and its Aftermath, (1972-86)
    • The Aquino Government
  • ECONOMIC PLANNING AND POLICY
    • Development Planning
    • Fiscal Policy
    • Monetary Policy
    • Privatization
  • AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY, AND FISHING
    • Agricultural Geography
    • Agricultural Production and Government Policy
    • Rice and the Green Revolution
    • Coconut Industry
    • Sugar
    • Land Tenancy and Land Reform
    • Livestock
    • Forestry
    • Fishing
  • INDUSTRY
    • Manufacturing
    • Mining
    • Energy
  • THE SERVICE SECTOR
    • Finance
    • Transportation
    • Telecommunications and Postal Services
    • Tourism
  • EMPLOYMENT AND LABOR RELATIONS
    • Labor Force and Employment
    • Labor Relations
  • ECONOMIC WELFARE
    • Extent of Poverty
    • Causes of Poverty
  • INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS
    • International Trade
    • Foreign Investment
    • External Debt
    • Development Assistance
    • Political Economy of United States Military Bases
• Chapter 4. Government and Politics
  • GOVERNMENT STRUCTURE
    • Constitutional Framework
    • National Government
      • Executive Department
      • Legislative Department
      • Judicial Department
    • Local Government
      • Organization
      • Regional Autonomy
  • POLITICS
    • The Inheritance from Marcos
    • The Rise of Corazon Aquino
      • The Coalition Comes Undone (1986-87)
      • The President and the Coup Plotters
    • Political Parties
      • Opposition Parties
      • Progovernment Parties
    • Voting and Elections
    • The Return of Old-Style Politics in the Countryside
    • Church-State Relations
    • Civil-Military Relations
      • Military Factions
      • Vigilantes
    • The Media
    • Unsolved Political Problems
  • FOREIGN AFFAIRS
    • Filipino Nationalism
    • Relations with the United States
    • Relations with Asian Neighbors
      • Malaysia
      • Vietnam
      • Japan
      • China
    • Relations with the Soviet Union
    • Relations with the Middle East
• Chapter 5. National Security
  • THE ARMED FORCES IN NATIONAL LIFE
    • Historical Background
    • External Defense
    • Political Role
    • The Counterinsurgency Campaign
    • Recruitment and Personnel
    • Defense Spending and Industry
  • THE STRUCTURE OF THE ARMED FORCES
    • Organization and Training
      • Army
      • Navy
      • Air Force
      • Philippine Constabulary
      • Reserves and Auxiliaries
    • Uniforms, Ranks, and Insignia
    • Salary and Benefits
    • Foreign Military Relations
  • INTELLIGENCE AND SECURITY AGENCIES
  • PUBLIC ORDER AND INTERNAL SECURITY
    • The Communist Insurgency
      • Ideology and Strategy
      • Development of the Revolutionary Movement
      • Leadership and Organization
      • Political Organizing and Front Groups
      • Military Operations and Tactics
      • Financing and Foreign Support
    • The Moros
    • Crime
    • Law Enforcement
    • Penal Law
    • Criminal Procedure
    • The Correctional System
• Appendix. Tables
• Bibliography
• Glossary