URUGUAY - A Country Study

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• URUGUAY
• Foreword
• Acknowledgments
• Preface
• Country Profile
  • COUNTRY
  • GEOGRAPHY
  • SOCIETY
  • ECONOMY
  • TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATIONS
  • GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS
  • NATIONAL SECURITY
• INTRODUCTION
• Chapter 1. Historical Setting
  • FROM PRE-COLUMBIAN TIMES TO THE CONQUEST
  • THE STRUGGLE FOR INDEPENDENCE, 1811-30
    • Artigas's Revolution, 1811-20
    • From Insurrection to State Organization, 1820-30
  • BEGINNINGS OF INDEPENDENT LIFE, 1830-52
    • The First Presidents, 1830-38
    • The Great War, 1843-52
  • THE STRUGGLE FOR SURVIVAL, 1852-75
    • Intervention by Neighboring Countries
    • Evolution of the Economy and Society
    • Caudillos and Political Stability
  • MODERN URUGUAY, 1875-1903
    • Militarism, 1875-90
    • The Return of Civilians
  • THE NEW COUNTRY, 1903-33
    • Batlle y Ordóńez and the Modern State
    • The Consolidation of Political Democracy
  • THE CONSERVATIVE ADJUSTMENT, 1931-43
    • The Terra Era, 1931-38
    • Baldomir and the End of Dictatorship
  • "THERE'S NO PLACE LIKE URUGUAY," 1943-58
    • The Administration of Amézaga, 1943-47
    • Neo-Batllism, 1947-51
    • Decline of the Economy and the Colorado Party, 1951-58
  • ECONOMIC CRISIS AND DECLINE
    • The Blanco Administrations, 1959-67
    • Pachequism, 1967-72
    • The Emergence of Militarism, 1972-73
  • THE MILITARY GOVERNMENT, 1973-85
    • The New Situation, 1973-80
    • The Military's Economic Record
    • The Opposition and the Reemergence of Parties, 1980-84
    • The Transition to Democracy, 1984-85
• Chapter 2. The Society and Its Environment
  • GEOGRAPHY
    • Topography and Hydrography
    • Climate
    • Land Use and Settlement Patterns
      • The Interior
      • The Littoral
      • Greater Montevideo
      • The Coast
      • Regional Development
  • POPULATION
    • Historical Patterns of Settlement
    • Contemporary Ethnic Composition
    • Fertility, Mortality, and Population Growth
    • Urbanization
    • Migration
    • Emigration
  • SOCIAL CLASSES
    • The Ranching Elite
    • Business Elites
    • Political Elites
    • The Middle Class
    • Small Farmers and Rural Workers
    • Blue-Collar Workers
    • The Urban Poor
  • INCOME DISTRIBUTION AND LIVING STANDARDS
  • FAMILY LIFE
  • HEALTH AND WELFARE
    • Infant Mortality and Life Expectancy
    • State and Private Health Care
    • Social Security Pensions
  • EDUCATION
    • The Education System
    • Historical Origins and Evolution of Education
    • Educational Reforms under Military Rule, 1973-85
    • Education under the Colorados, 1985-88
  • RELIGION
• Chapter 3. The Economy
  • GROWTH AND STRUCTURE OF THE ECONOMY
    • Colonial Period
    • Postindependence Era
    • The Export Model
    • Batllism
    • Stagnation
    • Restructuring under the Military Regime, 1973-85
    • The Sanguinetti Government
  • ECONOMIC POLICY
    • Fiscal Policy
    • Monetary and Exchange-Rate Policy
  • LABOR
    • The Labor Movement
    • Government Policy
  • AGRICULTURE
    • Agricultural Stagnation
    • Land Use and Tenure
    • Livestock Ranching
    • Crop Production
    • Fishing
    • Forestry
  • INDUSTRY
    • Background of Industrial Development
    • Autonomous Entities
    • Private Firms
    • Construction
    • Mining
    • Energy
  • SERVICES
    • Banking and Financial Services
    • Transportation and Communications
    • Tourism
  • EXTERNAL SECTOR
    • Foreign Debt
    • Trade
    • Balance of Payments
    • Economic Integration
    • Free-Trade Zones
• Chapter 4. Government and Politics
  • CONSTITUTIONAL BACKGROUND
  • GOVERNMENTAL STRUCTURE
    • The Executive
    • The Legislature
    • The Judiciary
    • Public Administration
    • Local Government
    • The Electoral Process
  • POLITICAL DYNAMICS
    • Political Parties
      • Traditional Parties
      • Broad Front
      • New Sector
    • Democratic Consolidation, 1985-90
      • The Sanguinetti Administration
      • The November 1989 Elections
      • The Lacalle Administration
    • Political Forces and Interest Groups
      • The Military
      • Labor Unions
      • The Roman Catholic Church
      • Students
      • The Media
      • Other Interest Groups
  • FOREIGN RELATIONS
    • Foreign Relations under Democratic Rule, 1985-90
      • The United States
      • Latin America
      • Other Regions
    • Foreign Policy in 1990
• Chapter 5. National Security
  • THE ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE ARMED FORCES
    • Evolution of the Army
    • Development of the Navy
    • Creation of an Independent Air Force
  • THE GROWTH OF MILITARY INVOLVEMENT IN POLITICS
  • THE ARMED FORCES IN THE NATIONAL LIFE
    • Manpower
    • Military Justice
    • Defense Spending
  • ARMED FORCES ORGANIZATION, TRAINING, AND EQUIPMENT
    • Army
    • Navy
    • Air Force
    • Uniforms, Ranks, and Insignia
  • PUBLIC ORDER AND INTERNAL SECURITY
    • Crime
    • The National Police
    • The Criminal Justice System
• Appendix. Tables
• Bibliography
• Glossary