CHAD - A Country Study

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• CHAD
• Foreword
• ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
• PREFACE
• COUNTRY PROFILE
  • COUNTRY
  • GEOGRAPHY
  • SOCIETY
  • ECONOMY
  • TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATIONS
  • GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS
  • NATIONAL SECURITY
• INTRODUCTION
• Chapter 1. Historical Setting
  • PREHISTORY
  • ERA OF EMPIRES, A.D. 900-1900
    • Kanem-Borno
    • Bagirmi and Wadai
  • ARRIVAL OF THE FRENCH AND COLONIAL ADMINISTRATION
  • DECOLONIZATION POLITICS
  • TOMBALBAYE ERA, 1960-75
    • Tombalbaye's Governance: Policies and Methods
    • Rebellion in Eastern and Northern Chad
    • Fall of the Tombalbaye Government
  • CIVIL WAR AND NORTHERN DOMINANCE, 1975-82
    • Malloum's Military Government, 1975-78
    • Civil War and Multilateral Mediation, 1979-82
• Chapter 2. The Society and Its Environment
  • PHYSICAL SETTING
    • The Land
    • Water Systems
    • Climate
      • Saharan Region
      • Sahelian Region
      • Soudanian Region
  • POPULATION
  • LANGUAGES AND ETHNIC GROUPS
    • Nilo-Saharan Languages
      • Central Saharan Languages
      • Ouaddaïan Languages
      • Mabang Languages
      • Sara-Bongo-Baguirmi Languages
      • Boua
    • Afro-Asiatic Languages
      • Chadic Languages
      • Arabic
    • Congo-Kordofanian Languages
      • Moundang-Toupouri-Mboum
      • Fulani
      • Banda-Ngbaka
  • SOCIAL STRUCTURE
    • Toubou and Daza: Nomads of the Sahara
    • Arabs: Semisedentary Peoples of the Sahel
    • Sara: Sedentary Peoples of the Soudanian Zone
  • RELIGION
    • Classical African Religions
    • Islam
      • Tenets of Islam
      • Islam in Chad
    • Christianity
      • Protestantism in Chad
      • Roman Catholicism in Chad
  • EDUCATION
    • Primary Education
    • Secondary Education
    • Higher Education
    • Vocational Education
  • HEALTH AND MEDICAL SERVICES
• Chapter 3. The Economy
  • GROWTH AND STRUCTURE OF THE ECONOMY
  • ROLE OF GOVERNMENT
  • AGRICULTURE
    • Cotton
      • Background of Cotton Cultivation
      • Production Factors
      • Administrative Structure
      • Pricing Mechanisms
      • Restructuring the System
    • Subsistence Farming
      • Sorghum and Millet
      • Wheat
      • Rice and Corn
      • Peanuts
      • Tubers
    • Livestock
    • Fishing
    • Forestry
  • MANUFACTURING, MINING, AND UTILITIES
    • Manufacturing
    • Mining
    • Water and Electricity
  • TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATIONS
    • Land Transport
    • Air Transport
    • Communications
  • TRADE AND COMMERCE
    • Exports
    • Imports
    • Direction of Trade
  • BALANCE OF PAYMENTS AND FINANCE
    • Balance of Payments
    • Banking and Finance
    • Government Finances
  • THE NATIONAL DEBT AND FOREIGN ASSISTANCE
    • National Debt
    • Foreign Assistance
• Chapter 4. Government and Politics
  • POLITICAL BACKGROUND
    • Preindependence Factions
    • Southern Dominance, 1960-1978
    • Transition to Northern Rule
  • STRUCTURE OF GOVERNMENT
    • Constitutional System
      • President
      • Council of Ministers
      • National Advisory Council
    • Regional Government
    • Judicial System
  • POLITICAL DYNAMICS
    • Factionalism
    • National Union for Independence and Revolution
    • Political Style
    • Mass Media
  • FOREIGN RELATIONS
    • Relations with France
    • Relations with Libya
    • Relations with Nigeria and Sudan
    • Relations with Other African States
    • Relations with the United States
    • Relations with Arab States
• Chapter 5. National Security
  • EXTERNAL AND DOMESTIC SECURITY CONCERNS
  • THE ARMED FORCES
    • Origins and Early Development
    • Organization of the National Security Establishment
    • The Chadian National Armed Forces
      • Training
      • Equipment
    • The Air Force
    • Defense Expenditures
  • CIVIL CONFLICT AND LIBYAN INTERVENTION
    • The FROLINAT Rebellion, 1965-79
    • First Libyan Intervention, 1980-81
    • Habré's Return to Power and Second Libyan Intervention, 1982-84
    • Repelling Libya's Occupying Force, 1985-87
  • FOREIGN MILITARY COOPERATION
    • The French Military Role in Chad
    • United States Military Aid
  • INTERNAL SECURITY AND PUBLIC ORDER
    • Police Services
    • The Criminal Justice System
    • Internal Security Conditions
• Appendices
  • Appendix A. Tables
  • Appendix B. Principal Armed Factions, 1975-87
• Bibliography
• Glossary